치료 저항성 환청을 나타내는 만성 정신분열병 환자에서 측두두정부 반복 경두개자기자극의 효과

정경희,최충식,박진수,이규항,함웅,이승환,채정호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : It has been reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which stimulate the focal region of brain may relieve auditory hallucination in patient with schizophrenia. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of rTMS on left and right temporopahetal cortex in schizophrenic patients with treatment-resistant auditory hallucination. Methods : Twenty-six patients with chronic schizophrenia with treatment -resistant auditory hallucination were randomly a1-located to rTMS group on left and right temporoparietal head regions. The rTMS was applied to TP3/4 region by EEG 10-20 international system at 1 Hz for 20 minutes per day for 101reatment days. A Figure of eight TMS coil with a solid core was used for rTMS at 100% of individual motor threshold. Efficacy was evaluated with Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (HRS), Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale on 5 and 10 days of treatment. Results : Ten days administration of l-Hz rTMS to temporopahetal cortex significant improved frequency (p<0.001) and attentional salience (p=0.038) of auditory hallucination, Positive (p<0.001) and negative symptom (p=0.02), and CGI-impro-vement (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between right and left side stimulations. Conclusion : These results suggest that the low frequency rTMS on temporopahetal cortex may be useful in treating Schizo-phrenic patients with treatment-resistant auditory hallucination and it could be a useful novel treatment option.

시장 불완전성과 화폐의 교환성 : A Case of Incomplete Markets

金慶洙,咸祥文 한국국제경제학회 2003 국제경제연구 Vol.9 No.2

1990년대 이후 많은 국가들이 자국통화가 국제 외환시장에서 자유롭게 거래되기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 화폐의 교환성은 투자자들로 하여금 포트폴리오 분산효과를 통하여 일정 위험대비 높은 기대수익률을 가능하게 하는 이전이 있지만 국내경제가 외부 충격에 민감해 지는 부작용도 있다. 본 논문에서는 시장이 불완전하고 이종화폐의 자유로운 교환이 화폐충격이 있을 경우 경제주체의 복지를 악화시킬 수 있지만 실질충격만 있을 경우에는 복지를 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 또한 화폐충격이 있을 경우 Kareken and Waliace(1981)의 경우와는 달리 환율의 부정성(Indeterminacy)이 설립되지 않으나 실질충격만 있을 경우에는 성립된다는 것을 보여주고 있다. This paper examines the welfare property of opening trade in country-specific currencies with incomplete markets and a flexible exchange rate system. In the context of a two-country overlapping generations model, we analyze the properties of steady-state equilibria when the source of uncertainty is either purely monetary or purely real. With monetary shocks, asset trade does not fully pool exchange rate risk which is not even present in portfollo autarky. As a result asset trade must make the young generation of at least one country worst off. With real shocks, the result is diffeent. Asset trade can make all members of the young generation better off. This paper also examines the issue of the exchange rate indeterminacy originally raised by Kareken and Wallace (1981). With monetary shocks, currencies become imperfect substitutes and the exchange rate is determinate. However, with purely real shocks, currencies become perfect substitutes and the exchange rate indeterminacy results as in Kareken and Wallace (1981).

사상의학(四象醫學) 전문의(專門醫)의 체질진단(體質診斷)결과 일치도에 관한 연구

함통일,황민우,이태규,김상복,이수경,고병희,Hahm, Tong-Il,Hwang, Min-Woo,Lee, Tae-Gyu,Kim, Sang-Bok,Lee, Soo-Kyung,Koh, Byung-Hee 사상체질의학회 2006 사상체질의학회지 Vol.18 No.3

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the concordance rate of the diagnostic results among Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) specialists. 2. Methods We carried out two studies in order to investigate the concordance rate of the diagnostic results between SCM specialists. We calculated the kappa value for analyzing concordance rate(using the SPSS program). 1) Study A : We investigated 142 clients who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from March 9, 2005 to March 29, 2005 at a health examination center of Kyung-Hee medical center. Every SCM specialist diagnosed 142 clients directly. Each SCM specialist don’t know the other specialist’s diagnosis. 2) Study B : We investigated 176 clients who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2005 to March 2005 at the department of Occupational and Environmental medicine of Kyung-Hee medical center. One SCM specialist diagnosed 176 clients directly and the other specialist knowing previous specialist’s diagnosis, diagnosed each person indirectly 3. Results 1) The concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists in study A was relatively high(kappa value=0.700). 2) The concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists in study B was high(kappa value=0.895). 4. Conclusions We can confirm the concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists is relatively high.

펩타이드-운반체 결합체의 백신으로서의 효과 : B형 간염바이러스 표면항원의 PreS2 부위에 대한 연구 Studies on the PreS2 region of the Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen

이명규,김길룡,함경수 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Synthetic peptides were conjugated with a carrier protein (bovine serum albumin; BSA), and the peptide-protein conjugates were immunized to Balb/c mice. When the anti-preS2 titers de-creased, the recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen with the large amounts of the middle protein (M-rHBsAg) were injected. The anti-preS2 titers of many mice (14/17) gradually in-creased from 2 to 4 week after M-rHBsAg injection. Among them, the anti-preS2 titers of 5 mice increased 90 fold or more at 4 week after M-rHBsAg injection. The boosting effects were also found when the anti-M-rHBsAg titers were measured. But the anti-BSA titers were not affected by M-rHBsAg injection. However, no relationships between the observed increase of the anti-preS2 antibodies by injecting M-rHBsAg and the presence of the known preS2 T cell epitopes were found. The results suggest that the peptide-protein conjugates can be used for peptide vaccine development.

Melittin-Hybrid 합성 폡타이드가 Fusarium oxysporum의 성장에 미치는 저해효과

이동건,신송엽,이성구,이명규,함경수 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

꿀벌의 독액으로부터 분리된 ME은 강항 항균활성을 가지나, 진핵세포에 대하여 세포독성 활성을 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구조와 항진균활성과 상관관계를 검토하며, 세포독성을 가지지 않으며 보다 강한 항진균활성을 가진 펩타이드의 디자인하기 위하여, ME와 CA 또는 MA으로 이루어진 hybid 펩타이드인 MA(10-17)ME(1-12) 및 CA(1-8)ME(1-12)을 고상합성법의 의하여 합성 하였다. CA(1-8)ME(1-12) 및 MA(10-17)ME(1-12)는 인간의 적혈구에 대하여 용혈현상을 나타내지 않으며, Fusarium oxysporum에 대하여 ME 만큼의 강한 항진균활성을 나타내었다. 또한 이들 hybrid 펩타이드는 (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase의 활성을 강하게 억제하였다. 이 결과는 Fusarium oxysporum에 대한 hybrid 펩타이드의 활성은 균의 세포벽의 합성의 억제에 의한 것과 관련성이 있는 것을 시사한다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 세포독성을 가지며 강한 항진균활성을 가지는 펩타이드의 설계에 기초를 제공하였다고 생각된다. Melittin (ME) from honeybee venom has a broad range of strong antimicrobial activity, but it has hemolytic activity against eukaryotic cells. In order to design peptides with powerful antifungal activity without cytotoxic property of ME and understand structure-antifungal activity relationships, the hybrid peptides derived from the sequences of ME and cecropin A (CA) or magainin 2 (MA), MA(10-17) ME(1-12) and CA(1-8)ME(1-12), were synthesized by solid phase method. MA(10-17)ME(1-12) showed potent antifungal activity comparable to ME against Fusarium oxysporum with no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The hybrid peptides showed strong inhibition of (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase. This result indicates that the antifungal activity of the hybrid peptides against Fusarium oxysporum is attributed to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The results therefore showed a successful design of a peptide having antifungal activity without hemolytic property.

151종 생약제 추출물이 B형 간염 바이러스 표면 항원(HBsAg)과 항체(HBsAb)의 결합반응 그리고 HBV DNA polymerase 활성에 미치는 효과 : 한국산 각종 생약제를 이용한 B형 간염치료제의 개발

정태호,김정철,김문규,이인선,채성철,김승래,정준모,이인수,김승호,함경수 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3

세계인구 43억명 중 B형 간염 바이러스 보균자는 2억 1천 5백만명이며 이중 78%인 1억 6천만명 이상이 아시아 대륙에 집중되어 있다. 한국도 B형 바이러스 간염의 침윤지대이다. 본 연구는 B형 바이러스 보균자 혹은 만성간염을 치료할 수 있는 생약제를 탐색할 목적의 일환으로 한국에서 시판하는 생약제 151종을 구입하여 증류수로 추출하고 여과한 후 냉동건조하여 HBs 항원에 대한 결합능, HBV DNA polymerase억제능, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) 유리에 미치는 영향, 그리고 galactosamine 유발 간염에 대한간장보호 작용을 조사하였다. 151종의 생약제중 0.16㎍/㎖ 농도에서 간염 vaccine 내에 함유된 HBs 항원과 결합하는 생약제는 지유, 가자, 복분자, 대황, 정향, 빈량, 산수유, 소목, 마황, 쇄양, 후박, 목과, 양강, 오약, 산사, 목단피 등 16종이었다. 이들 생약제중 대황(Rheum palmatum L. 大黃), 가자(Terminalia chebula R. 訶子), 지유(Sanguisorba officinalis L. 地楡), 복분자(Rubus coreanus M. 覆盆子)는 HBV DNA polymerase 활성도를 비교적 강하게 억제하였으며 빈량(Areca catechu L. 빈랑), 정향(Eugenia caryophyllata T. 丁香), 목과(Chaenomeles japonica L. 木瓜), 산수유(Cornus officinalis S. 山茱萸)는 약하게나마 HBV DNA polymerase 활성을 억제하였다. 또한 HBV DNA polymerase를 억제한 대황, 가자, 지유, 복분자, 빈량, 정향, 마황, 소목, 산수유를 대상으로 TNF 유리에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 소목을 제외한 8종의 생약제 모두가 대식세포를 자극하여 TNF를 유리시켰다. 그리고 장차 임상에 사용함을 전제로 HBV DNA polymerase를 억제한 대황, 가자, 지유, 복분자, 빈량, 정향, 마황, 소목, 산수유를 galactosamine 유발 간염(백서)에 투여하여 간기능 검사에 미치는 효과를 조사하였으나 간기능 검사상으로는 특별한 보호작용을 나타내지 못하였으며 생약제 단독 투여로서는 간기능에 대하여 나쁜 영향을 주지 않았다. Hepatitis B virus infection is major cause of acute and chrome hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are over 200 million carriers of hepatitis B virus in the world, nearly 80 % of whom live in the South East Asia, Korea is also highly endemic area of hepatitis B virus infection. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of extracts of traditional Korean herbal medicines on hepatitis B virus. 151 traditional herbs were extracted, filtered and lyophilized. Using 151 herbal extracts we tested binding capability to the HBs Ag, inhibition of HBV DNA polymerase, release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and protection against galactosamine induced liver damage. Among 151 herbs, 16 herbs (Sanguisorba officinalis L., Terminalia chebula R., rubus coreanus M., Rheum palmatum L., Eugenia caryophyllata T., Areca catechu L., Cornus officinalis S., Caesalpinia sappan L, Ephedra sinica S., Cynomorium songaricum R., Machilus thunbergii S., Chaenomeles japonica L., Alpinia officinarum H., Lindera strychnifolia V., Crataegus pinnatifida B., Paeonia suffruticasa A. ) had binding capability to HBs Ag which contained in the commercial hepatitis vaccine, at 16 ug/㎖ of concentratioa Among the above 16 herbs, Rheum palmatum L., Terminalia chebula R., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rubus coreanus M. significantly inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, and Areca catechu L., Eugenia caryophyllata T., Ephedra sinica S., Caesalpinia sappan L., Chaenomeles Japonica L., Cornus officinalis S. also inibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity but less effective. All of the herbs, except Caesalpinia sappan L., which inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, actively stimulated the mononuclear cells to release tumor necrosis factor(TNF) in whole blood culture system. The herbs which inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, did not show any protective effect in galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats, but there was no direct toxic effect when herbs were administered alone.

담석에서 추출한 단백질의 분석

함준수(Joon Soo Hahm),박경근(Kyung Geun Park),박준용(Joon Yong Park),한동수(Dong Soo Han),이민호(Min Ho Lee),기춘석(Choon Suhk Kee),박경남(Kyung Nam Park),이광수(Kwang Soo Lee),최은아(Eun A Choi),이명규(Myung Kyo Lee),함경수(Kyung So 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.1

N/A Background/Aims: Biliary proteins have been suggested to play an important role in nucleation and gallstone formation. However, the exact roles and characteristics have not been completely documented. The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize the nucleating protein extracted from gallstones. Methods: We tried to extract, isolate and characterize proteins in patients with gallstones. Twenty-two gallstones were obtained(12 cholesterol, 10 pigment) at cholecystec- tomy and extracted with ethanol/ether mixture. Then, isoelectric focusing was performed and gallstone proteins were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acids were also analysis by the autoamimo acid analyzer system. Results: The mean amount of gallstone protein was 4.15 mg/(g stone) in cholesterol and 16.15 mg/(g stone) in pigment stone. The proteins from both cholesterol and pigment stones showed major bands at low pH on isoelectric focusing. On SDS-PAGE, low molecular protein bands were noted, mainly below 45KD in both cholesterol and pigment stones. The composition of aspartate and glutamate was 21.6% in cholesterol stones and 22.7% in pigment stones. Conclusions: The proteins in cholesterol and pigment gallstones are low molecular weight acidic proteins, and these acidic proteins seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of gall stones. However, it remains to be determined whether these proteins differ in functional roles from different gallstones. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1996;28: 92 - 100)

Review : Chemoprevention of Gastrointestinal Cancer; The Reality and the Dream

( Kyung Soo Chun ),( Eun Hee Kim ),( Soo Yeon Lee ),( Ki Baik Hahm ) 대한간학회 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.2

Despite substantial progress in screening, early diagnosis, and the development of noninvasive technology, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains a major cause of cancer-associated mortality. Chemoprevention is thought to be a realistic approach for reducing the global burden of GI cancer, and efforts have been made to search for chemopreventive agents that suppress acid reflux, GI inflammation and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Thus, proton pump inhibitors, statins, monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated for their potential to prevent GI cancer. Besides the development of these synthetic agents, a wide variety of the natural products present in a plant-based diet, which are commonly called phytoceuticals, have also sparked hope for the chemoprevention of GI cancer. To perform successful searches of chemopreventive agents for GI cancer, it is of the utmost importance to understand the factors contributing to GI carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of chronic inflammation in inducing genomic instability and telomere shortening and affecting polyamine metabolism and DNA repair, which may help in the search for new chemopreventive agents for GI cancer. (Gut Liver 2013;7:137-149)

Overproduction and Characterization of Recombinant Human Interleukin - 2

( Kyung Soo Hahm ) 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4

Recombinant human interleukin-2 was over-produced to homogeneity from E. coli and characterized its biological and therapeutic activities for therapeutic applications. The purity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, HPLC, N-terminal amino acid analysis, and sequence analysis. The crystals of the recombinant protein and antiserum against it were also obtained. In vitro augmentation of NK cell activity and MLR assay were performed in order to assess the therapeutic activities of the product. The stability of the recombinant protein was also assessed by measuring biological and MLR activities after storing in different conditions and the results showed the recombinant protein was suitable for therapeutic applications.

Immunoaffinity Purification and Polymerized Human Serum Albumin Receptor Assay of Pre - S2 of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen

Hahm, Kyung Soo,Yun, Hye Young 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4

A simple and sensitive assay method for detecting the activity of polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) receptor on pre-S2 peptide of hepatitis B virus surface antigen has been developed using pre-S2-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. The assay can be used for determining pre-S2 or factors neutralizing pHSA receptor activity. The sensitivity of the assay is about 10 to 100 nmole of pre-S2. Recombinant pre-S2 peptide was purified to apparent homogeneity from E. coli by immunoaffinity chromatography using monoclonal antibody and studied for its binding characteristics with monoclonal antibodies and pHSA.