실내·외 환경의 분진 중 중금속 농도 : 서울시 강서구·양천구 소재의 중학교를 중심으로 In Middle Schools in the Kangseoku and Yangchonku Areas, Seoul

배윤진,김규한,전효택,안주성 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 이화환경연구 Vol.2 No.-

도시화 및 산업화에 따른 학교환경의 중금속 오염양상을 평가하기 위해 강서구·양천구에 위치한 31개 중학교의 교실, 특별실, 실외에서 강하분진 시료 총 93개를 채취하여 Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe의 중금속 원소들의 함량을 측정하고, 다변량통계처리와 연속추출분석 및 전자현미분석을 실시하였으며 양천구의 한 학교에서 4개월간 채집한 부유분진 시료 2개를 전자현미분석하였다. 강서구·양천구 중학교들의 교실, 특별실, 실외 분진의 중금속 원소의 분산양상을 비교한 결과, Cd, Cu, Pb의 함량이 특별실>교실>실외 순으로 나타나 학교 실내의 폐쇄된 공간에서 Cd, Cu, Pb의 농집이 진행되고 있음을 보여주었다. 반면, Mn, Fe의 함량은 실외>특별실>교실 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 통계적으로 유의적이었다.(P<0.01). 그리고 대부분 학교의 실외시료에서 오염지수(Pollution index)가 1.0이상으로 조사되어 연구지역 학교들의 실외 중금속 오염이 매우 넓은 범위에 걸쳐 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시료들에 대한 연속추출분석 결과, 교실, 특별실, 실외별로 중금속 원소들의 화학적 형태 분포상황이 유사하게 나타나 실내의 분진은 주로 외부에서 유입됨을 보여 주었다. 또한 Zn와 Cd의 교환성·수용성 형태가 우세하여 이동도와 생물흡수도가 가장 높을 것으로 나타났다. 전자현미분석에서도 시료채취 학교, 장소 및 용도등에 따른 중금속 존재형태의 차이는 나타나지 않았고 Pb, Zn, Cu 입자의 존재형태를 관찰한 결과, 실내외 중금속 오염이 과거 차량배기에 의한 오염영향과 공업활동에 의한 것으로 판단된다. Indoor and outdoor dry-deposited dust samples were collected from 31 middle school in the Kangseoku and Yangchonku areas in Seoul. Heavy metal concentrations were determined for the dusts from classroom, activity room and playground of each sampling sites. Suspended particulate samples were also investigated for certain periods during this study. Heavy metal dispersion patterns showed concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb increasing in the order: playground, classroom and activityroom. Whereas Cd, Cu and Pb were highly concentrated in the closed spaces(e.g., activity room), Mn and Fe were high in the order of playground, activityroom and classroom. Most playground dusts exhibited the enhanced heavy metal pollution with a pollution index greater than 1.0. The chemical fractionations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by sequential extraction were consistent between indoor and outdoor dust samples. Cadmium and Zn, mainly associated with exchangeable or water/acid soluble fraction, may have the highest mobility and bioavailability. There were no significant differences im morphological properties of the dust samples analyzed by electron probe microanalysis. It was suggested that outdoor dust may highly contribute to indoor contamination.

Sulforaphane Inhibits ICAM-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells

Kyu Youn Ahn,Pham Ngoc Khoi,Young Suk Cho,Shinan Li,Dhiraj Kumar Sah,Yong Xia,Young Do Jung 대한체질인류학회 2021 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.34 No.1

Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) belongs to the immunoglobulin-like superfamily of adhesion molecules that mediate cell adhesion to other cells, and ICAM-1 is involved in cancer progression and recurrence. Since the ICAM-1 is considered as one of the therapeutic target against bladder cancer, we examined whether sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, could inhibit ICAM-1 expression in bladder cancer T24 cells. Sulforaphane inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ICAM-1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in human bladder cancer cells, as revealed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Specific inhibitor studies have shown that the transcription factors, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), are involved in PMA-induced ICAM-1 expression. We found that sulforaphane inhibited the activation of both AP-1 and NF-κB induced by PMA in bladder cancer cells. Interestingly, we also found that sulforaphane abrogated PMA-induced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to bladder cancer cells. Collectively, our results provide experimental evidence that sulforaphane could serve as a new therapeutic candidate against bladder cancer.

흰쥐 원위결장에서 저칼륨혈증 효과

안규윤,허탁,이승원,박성식,안규윤,이승원,박성식 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.4

정상 및 무칼륨 식이 백서 신장에서 Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase Subunit Isoform mRNA 발현에 관한 연구

안규윤(Kyu Youn Ahn),김석채(Sug Chae Kim),문 범(Bum Moon),김경근(Kyung Keun Kim),김백윤(Baik Yoon Kim) 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

저칼륨혈증은 여러 조직에서 Na+-K+-ATPase 유전자 발현의 정도를 변화시키며 또한 신장의 속질바깥층집합세관에서는 Na+-K+-ATPase 활성과 α1과 β1 subunit 단백을 증가시키지만 겉질집합세관에서는 유의한 변화가 없다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 집합세관을 위시한 다른 콩팥단위 부위에서의 Na+-K+-ATPase subunit isoform들의 적응반응에 관한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 정상 및 무칼륨 식이 백서 신장에서 Na+-K+-ATPase subunit isoform mRNA 발현의 상대적인 양과 분포를 구명하기 위해 Northern 분석과 in situ hybridization 조직화학을 실시하였다. Northern 분석 결과, 대조군의 Na+-K+-ATPase subunit isoform mRNA들은 속질바깥층, 겉질 및 속질속층 순으로 발현되었 으나 실험군에서는 속질바깥층, 속질속층 및 겉질 순으로 발현되었다. α1 mRNA 양은 α2, α3 보다 훨씬 많았고, 각 isoform에 대한 mRNA의 양은 속질속층에서 대조군 보다 실험군에서 2~3배 이상 증가하였으나 겉질과 속질바깥층에서는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. In situ hybridization 조직화학 결과에서 각 isoform에 대한 mRNA의 분포는 대조군의 토리쪽세관의 S3 부위, 겉질상행후각, 속질상행후각, 먼쪽곱슬세관 및 전 집합세관에서 관찰되었다. 실험군 백서에서 α1, α3 및 β1 isoform의 반응정도는 속질상행후각, 겉질상행후각, 먼쪽곱슬세관 및 겉질집합세관에서 감소하였으나 속질바깥층집합세관 내층 상부와 속질속층집합세관 상부에서는 현저히 증가하였다. α2 isoform은 속질상행후각에서는 감소하였으나 겉질상행후각, 먼쪽곱슬세관 및 겉질집합세관에서 약간 증가하였고 속질바깥층집합세관 내층 상부와 속질속층집합세관 상부에서는 현저히 증가하였다. 이상의 소견으로 저칼륨혈증에 의해 Na+-K+-ATPase subunit isoform 유전자들의 발현은 속질바깥층집합세관 내층 상부와 속질속층집합세관 상부에서 증가되며, 이들 부위에서 유전자들이 K 이온 보존에 관여하고 있음을 암시해 준다. Chronic hypokalemia alters Na+-K+-ATPase gene expression in several tissues. While it is established that Na+- K+-ATPase activity and α1 and β1 subunit protein levels increase during K depletion in the outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) and do not significantly change in the cortical collecting duct (CCD), little is known about the adaptive responses of the other isoforms in these other nephron segments. Accordingly, this study was performed to characterize the relative levels of expression and cellular distribution of mRNAs encoding the Na+-K+-ATPase subunit isoforms in normal and K-deprived (2 weeks) rats using the Northern analysis and in situ hybridization (ISH). Isoform specific 32Plabeled cDNA (for Northerns) or digoxigenin labeled cRNA (for ISH) probes were used. In normal rats, the order of expression amounts of all isoforms mRNAs from highest was outer medulla > cortex > inner medulla , and that of K-deprived rats was outer medulla > inner medulla > cortex. α1 mRNA levels were much greater than those of α2 or α3 in cortex, outer and inner medulla. mRNA levels for all isoforms were 2~3 folds greater in inner medulla of K-deprived rats compared to controls. In contrasts, the levels of all isoforms mRNAs in cortex and outer medulla were comparable between the two gruops. By ISH, mRNAs for all isoforms were observed in the S3 segment of proximal tubule, the cortical thick ascending limb (CTAL), medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), connecting tuble (CNT), and the entire collecting duct. Both groups exhibited comparable cellular patterns of labeling, but the signal intensity of K-deprived rats was much greater in the proximal portion of the inner stripe of outer medullary collecting duct (OMCDi) and proximal portion of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), and less in the MTAL compared to controls. The signal intensity of α1, α3, and β1 isoforms was less in the CTAL, DCT, and CCD of K-deprived rats, but α2 isoform was slightly increased. These results suggest that chronic hypokalemia enhances expression of Na+-K+-ATPase subunit isoforms in the proximal portion of OMCDi and proximal IMCD, but not other nephron segments, and that these isoforms may participate in potassium conservation by these segments during potassium deprivation.

흰쥐 내이에서 Na/K-ATPase Subunit Isoform 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

김행재,손준호,이승원,김백윤,안규윤,손준호,이승원,김백윤,안규윤 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.4

Structural and electrochemical properties of Ag nano-dots combined amorphous Si electrodes for thin-film lithium rechargeable batteries.

Ahn, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Youn-Su,Shim, Hee-Sang,Park, Byung Kyu,Moon, Won-Jin,Bae Kim, Won,Seong, Tae-Yeon American Scientific Publishers 2010 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.10 No.12

<P>We have one-pot fabricated Si-based nanocomposite electrodes containing Ag nano-dots for thin-film Li rechargeable batteries by a co-sputtering method. The structural and electrochemical properties of the Si/Ag nanocomposite electrodes are investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and cycler. The TEM and XRD results show that crystalline Ag nano-dots (approximately 5-9 in size) are well-dispersed within an amorpohous Si matrix. It is shown that the Si/Ag nanocomposite electrode shows much better structural stability than the Si only sample. It is also shown that the Si/Ag nanocomposite electrode shows superior capacity retention compared to the Si only electrode. The results indicate that the presence of the Ag nano-dots is important minimizing the formation of cracks in the electrode, so leading to the better life-time for thin-film Li rechargeable batteries.</P>

Changes in neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia after starting or switching to amisulpride in comparison with the normal controls.

Ahn, Yong Min,Lee, Kyu Young,Kim, Chul-Eung,Kim, Jae-Jin,Kang, Dae-Yeob,Jun, Tae-Youn,Choi, Jin Sook,Chung, In-Won,Kim, Se Hyun,Hwang, Samuel S-H,Kim, Yong Sik Williams Wilkins ; Lippincott Williams Wilkins 2009 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.29 No.2

<P>We examined short- and long-term changes in neurocognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia who were either started or switched to amisulpride in comparison with the normal controls. Fifty-seven patients treated with amisulpride and 60 normal controls completed a comprehensive neurocognitive function test battery at the baseline, the 8-week, and the 1-year follow-up. We conducted and compared the results of both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses to account for the follow-up loss. Three general results obtained were as follows: (1) the degree of the improvements in neurocognitive function was comparable to those of other second-generation antipsychotics in both ITT and PP analysis; (2) in light of the relative effect size, the composite effect size and the effect size in most measures in both ITT and PP analyses were smaller for the patient group than those of the control group, signifying that improvement in performance may be largely attributable to practice effects; and (3) nonetheless, there were evidences of both short- and long-term improvements in some cognitive tasks, such as in the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale vocabulary subtest and the Trail Making Test, that may not be accounted by practice effect. These results suggest the need to include a healthy control group to validate the medication effect of cognitive improvements in patients with schizophrenia and to consider practice effect in interpreting the results of repeated administration of neurocognitive function tests.</P>

Effect of Manganese Content on the Magnetic Susceptibility of Ferrous-Manganese Alloys: Correlation between Microstructure on X-Ray Diffraction and Size of the Low-Intensity Area on MRI

Youn, Sung Won,Kim, Moon Jung,Yi, Seounghoon,Ahn, Hyun Jin,Park, Kwan Kyu,Lee, Jongmin,Lee, Young-Cheol Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2015 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: There is an ongoing search for a stent material that produces a reduced susceptibility artifact. This study evaluated the effect of manganese (Mn) content on the MRI susceptibility artifact of ferrous-manganese (Fe-Mn) alloys, and investigated the correlation between MRI findings and measurements of Fe-Mn microstructure on X-ray diffraction (XRD). Materials and Methods: Fe-Mn binary alloys were prepared with Mn contents varying from 10% to 35% by weight (i.e., 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%; designated as Fe-10Mn, Fe-15Mn, Fe-20Mn, Fe-25Mn, Fe-30Mn, and Fe-35Mn, respectively), and their microstructure was evaluated using XRD. Three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo sequences of cylindrical specimens were obtained in parallel and perpendicular to the static magnetic field (B0). In addition, T1-weighted spin echo, T2-weighted fast spin echo, and $T2^*$weighted gradient echo images were obtained. The size of the low-intensity area on MRI was measured for each of the Fe-Mn binary alloys prepared. Results: Three phases of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-martensite, ${\gamma}$-austenite, and ${\varepsilon}$-martensite were seen on XRD, and their composition changed from ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-martensite to ${\gamma}$-austenite and/or ${\varepsilon}$-martensite, with increasing Mn content. The Fe-10Mn and Fe-15Mn specimens comprised ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-martensite, the Fe-20Mn and Fe-25Mn specimens comprised ${\gamma}+{\varepsilon}$ phases, and the Fe-30Mn and Fe-35Mn specimens exhibited a single ${\gamma}$ phase. The size of the low-intensity areas of Fe-Mn on MRI decreased relative to its microstructure on XRD with increasing Mn content. Conclusion: Based on these findings, proper conditioning of the Mn content in Fe-Mn alloys will improve its visibility on MR angiography, and a Mn content of more than 25% is recommended to reduce the magnetic susceptibility artifacts on MRI. A reduced artifact of Fe-Mn alloys on MRI is closely related to the paramagnetic constitution of ${\gamma}$-austenite and/or ${\varepsilon}$-martensite.

동맥혈 칼슘 자극 검사로 진단된 국소성 췌도 세포 증식증 1예

윤진훈,안규정,주영실,김병준,김성훈,권계형,정명아,양진수,정인수,김충현,조성범,이태석,김은경 대한내분비학회 2001 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.16 No.4-5

초기고형물농도가 호기성소화의 Kinetics 에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

안규홍,정연규,박준홍 한국수처리기술연구회 1994 한국수처리학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Using waste activated sludge of 4 different solid concentration levels and their batch experiments which were carried out at 20℃ and pH 7.5, the kinetics of solid degradation and behaviors of nutrients during aerobic digestion were estimated. The solid degradation coefficients and the rate coefficients of k_(dN), k_(dP), μ_N, μ_D, tend to increase linearly according to decrease of the initial solid concentration. However, the other rate coefficients related to mineralization of nutrients seemed not to be dependent upon initial solid concentration. From those results, we could explain the reason why the design of continuous inflow pattern aerobic digestion reactor is over-estimated if based upon kinetics estimated from batch experiments, and consider the ways how to apply kinetics based upon batch experiments on the design of continuous inflow aerobic digestion reactor.