Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

대통령의 성격유형과 리더십 스타일에 관한 사례 연구: 박정희,김영삼 대통령을 대상으로

김종석 ( Jong Suk Kim ) 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2010 行政論叢 Vol.48 No.3

본 연구는 대통령에 대한 심리학적 연구의 이론적 기반을 구축하기 위해 「융(C. J. Jung)의 심리학적 유형론」을 토대로 분석모형을 만들고, 이를 이용하여 박정희·김영삼 두 전직 대통령의 성격과 리더십 스타일간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석모형을 적용한 결과 박정희 대통령은 융의 심리학적 유형론에서 `내향적 사고형`에 속하며, 제 2기능인 직관이 발달한 `내향적 사고직관형`으로 분류된다. 박대통령 리더십 스타일에는 내향적 사고형의 장점이 잘 반영되어 국가발전에 긍정적으로 작용하였다. 반면에 단점도 리더십 스타일에 반영되어 부정적 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 이러한 분석모형으로는 설명할 수 없는 점도 있었다. 과정의 합리성을 무시하고 목표를 위해서 수단과 방법을 가리지 않았고, 한 맺힌 가난에서 벗어나기 위하여 경제개발을 최고의 정책목표로 삼았다는 것이다. 김영삼 대통령은 `외향적 감정형`에 속하며 제 2기능인 감각이 발달한 `외향적 감정감각형`으로 볼 수 있다. 김 대통령은 외향적 감각형의 장점인 `뛰어난 정치적 감각과 순발력`을 발휘하여, 취임 직후 군내부 파벌 해체 등을 통한 군 개혁에 성공하였다. 그렇지만 외향적 감정감각형의 또 다른 장점들은 제대로 보여주지 못했다. 그러나 단점으로 나타날 수 있는 정책의 일관성 결여는 두드러져서 대북정책이나 재벌정책, 외교정책 등에서 지속적으로 반복되었다. 김대통령의 리더십에서도 이러한 분석모형으로 설명할 수 없는 점들이 있었다. 김 대통령은 `항상 남의 관심을 끌려고 하며 과시적이고 변덕스럽고 즉흥적인 태도`를 보여 주었는데, 이러한 양상은 히스테리성 인격의 행동과 아주 비슷한 것이었다. This study made an analytical model based on Jung`s psychological types to establish a theoretical frame for the psychological study of the president, and analyzed President Park Chung Hee and President Kim Young Sam. President Park Chung Hee belonged to the introverted thinking-intuition type. The strength of the introverted thinking-intuition type was well reflected in President Park`s leadership style and worked positively for national development. He had an ardent wish to reform reality to meet his ideal and was eager to drive policy to realize it. He called on talented men and put the right man in the right place. On the other hand, the weakness of theintroverted thinking-intuition type was also reflected in President Park`s leadership style and had a negative result. His self-conceit made him keep Korea under his despotic rule, and his personality of revealing hislikes and dislikes was the basis for unbalanced economic development among regions and classes. Regionalism became more severe as a result. President Kim Young Sam belonged to the extroverted feeling-sensation type. He successfully and flexibly carried out the reform of the military with an excellent political sense. He also established the real-name financial system and made public officials disclose their assets. However, other strengths of the extroverted feeling-sensation type were not reflected in President Kim`s leadership style. He was recognized as friendly and broad-minded before becoming president, but he did not show such traits after becoming president. On the other hand, the weakness of the extroverted feeling-sensation type was highly reflected in President Kim`s leadership style and had a negative impact. The lack of economic and diplomatic policy consistency was repeated during President Kim`s term of office. President Kim`s fickle and improvisational behavior reflected more of a histrionic personality.

화학적 요부 교감신경절 차단에서 한 분절 차단과 두 분절 차단의 비교

김종일,이규종,이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Chemical Lumbar Sympathetic Block: Comparison of One- Versus Two-needle Techniques Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Kyu-Jong Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^* Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain Clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: It was frequently noticed in the course of performing a two-needle sympathectomy, that satisfactory spread of contrast solution could be produced by injection through only one of the needles. This led to a closer examination of the merits of single-needle technique. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the single-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second or third lumbar sympathetic ganglia, while patients in the two-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second and thired lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Lumbar sympathetic blocks were performed using 3 ml of alcohol and the spread of injectate was verified with C-arm fluoroscopy. The indicators of a successful sympathetic block are increasing skin temperature, decreasing pain, and anhidrosis in the distal extremity. Results: The duration of anhidrosis was 12.2 ?? 2.6 months (mean ?? SD) in the single-needle group versus 13.6 ?? 3.6 months (mean << SD) in the two-needle group. Conclusions: As these results were not significantly different from those obtained in patients having considered to be effective for a neurolytic ;i,bar sympathectomy. (korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 439~443)

항암제 처리한 백혈병 세포주에서의 Apoptosis 발현

김삼용,윤소현,김현수,김종숙,윤환중,김진경,조덕연 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 26 kD protein that promotes cell survival by blocking apoptosis. The bax protein is a member of the bcl-2 familly, now known to form heterodimers with the bcl-2 protein. The ratio of bax to bcl-2 is be critical in determining the fate of the cell in response to stimuli that can induce apoptosis. Extract of Pulsatilla Koreana (SB-31) showed promising antitumor activity in vitro with Topo I inhibitory action. In the present study, the relationship between apoptosis and the apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2 and bax were investigated in human leukemic cell lines HL-60, U-937 and CEM-CM3. All anticancer drugs(adriamycin, etoposide, camptothecin, SB-31) induced extensive apoptosis in HL-60, U-937 cells and CEM-CM3 cells. The expression of bcl-2 and bax protein were determined in cell lines by western blotting before and after incubation with anticancer drugs at different time points. 1) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, down regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax were found after incubation with ADR, VP-16 or camptothecin. 2) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, no significant change in bcl-2 or bax protein expression resulted after incubation with SB-31. 3) In CEM-CM3 cells, virtually no change was noted in bcl-2/bax expression after incubation with ADR, VP-16, camptothecin or SB-31. It is suggested that different leukemic cell lines use different pathways of apoptosis activation and a given cell may utilize different pathways of apoptosis activation in response to different cytotoxic agents.

Ropivacaine 을 이용한 경막의 마취시 Clonidine 병용의 효과

김종일,조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Effects of Clonidine Added to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^*, Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: Clonidine has been regarded as an adequate supplementary anesthetic during epidural anesthesia and has been used with local anesthetics such as bupivacaine or lidocaine to support the effects of these anesthetics. The authors would examine whether clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural ane-sthesia. Methods: Thirty-two healthy patients undergoing a hip or lower limb surgery were diveded into two groups. In group 1, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml was administered. In group 2, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml combined with clonidine 150 ㎍ was administered. Onset, duration and maximal height of sensory block were assessed. Sedation score, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Results: Duration of sensory block of group 2 was significantly longer than that of group 1. Sedation score of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1. Blood pressure of group 2 was sig-nificantly lower thatn that of group 1 at 50 min, 70 min and 90 min after epidural injection. No significant differences were observed in onset of sensory block and heart rate between the two groups. Conclusions: The addition of clonidine to ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia prolonged duration of sensory block and produced useful sedation. It caused relatively stable hemodynamic changes. These results suggest that clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 428~433)

냉동 제대혈 세포의 체외 증폭

김삼용,김철희,배광봉,김현수,박상준,김종숙,윤환중,조덕연 충남대학교 암연구소 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Background : Cord blood(CB), which has no HLA restriction, is an alternative to bone marrow for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The use of cord blood, however, is limited by the number of progenitor/stem cells necessary to reconstitute the older child or adult. Therefore, ex vivo expansion of CB could have tremendous impact on diverse clinical settings. We studied the ex vivo expansion of isolated population of CD34_(+) cells from cryopreserved CB cells. Methods : CD34 cells were isolated from cryopreserved CB mononuclear cells. Purified cells were cultured with various combinations of hematopoietic growth factors including erythropoietin(EPO), stem cell factor(SCF), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF), gra-nulocyte, macrophage-colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), 1L-3, and IL-6. After 7, 10 or 14 days of culture, the fold increases of colony-forming unit- granu-locyte, macrophage(CFU-GM), burst-forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E), colony-forming unit-mix (CFU-Mix), and high proliferative potential colony-forming cell(HPP-CFC) were evaluated. Results : Ten-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-3 resulted in a median of 60-fold increase of CFU-GM, which was greater than those with the combinations of less than 5 growth factors. The addition of IL-6 or GM-CSF to this combination did not enhance CFU-GM expansion. Ten-day culture was significantly superior to 7-day culture for CFU-GM expansion. Prolongation of culture to 14 days, however, revealed decreased expansion of CFU-GM compared to 10 days. BFU-E and CFU-Mix were expanded to 2~5 folds in 7-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, and G-CSF. Further expansion was not achieved in 10-day culture and colonies disappeared in 14-day culture. HPP-CFC was expanded to a median of 7.5 folds in 7-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, IL-3, and IL-6. Neither 10-day or 14 day-culture enhanced expansion of HPP-CFU. Conclusion : Cryopreserved cord blood cells maintain ex vivo expansion potential. In our system, 10-day culture with the combination consisting of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-3 seems to be adequate for hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell expansion from cryopreserved cord blood cells.

항암제 처리한 백혈병 세포주에서의 Apoptosis 발현

김삼용,윤소현,김현수,김종숙,윤환중,김진경,조덕연 충남대학교 암연구소 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 26 kD protein that promotes cell survival by blocking apoptosis. The bax protein is a member of the bcl-2 familly, now known to form heterodimers with the bcl-2 protein. The ratio of bax to bcl-2 is be critical in determining the fate of the cell in response to stimuli that can induce apoptosis. Extract of Pulsatilla Koreana (SB-31) showed promising antitumor activity in vitro with Topo I inhibitory action. In the present study, the relationship between apoptosis and the apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2 and bax were investigated in human leukemic cell lines HL-60, U-937 and CEM-CM3. All anticancer drugs(adriamycin, etoposide, camptothecin, SB-31) induced extensive apoptosis in HL-60, U-937 cells and CEM-CM3 cells. The expression of bcl-2 and bax protein were determined in cell lines by western blotting before and after incubation with anticancer drugs at different time points. 1) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, down regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax were found after incubation with ADR, VP-16 or camptothecin. 2) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, no significant change in bcl-2 or bax protein expression resulted after incubation with SB-31. 3) In CEM-CM3 cells, virtually no change was noted in bcl-2/bax expression after incubation with ADR, VP-16, camptothecin or SB-31. It is suggested that different leukemic cell lines use different pathways of apoptosis activation and a given cell may utilize different pathways of apoptosis activation in response to different cytotoxic agents.

내구성을 고려한 표면피복재의 성능평가에 관한 실험적 연구

김영덕,조봉석,윤종기,김용로,장종호,김무한 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

It is recognized that reinforcement corrosion is the main distress behind the present concern regarding concrete durability. The basic method to prevent reinforcement corrosion is coating the reinforcement concrete with surface coating materials but evaluating their performance is necessary to the work satisfactory because they have different performance for each other. In this study. to evaluate performance of surface coating materials, we compare their properties in terms of sticking strength and permeability of carbonation, chloride ion and water with actual reinforcement corrosion under environment of complex deterioration. The results showed that an increase in age also decreases Carbonation velocity coefficients, increases Chloride ion diffusion coefficients and increases water absorption coefficients. As well, an increase in age also increases corrosion of reinforcement due to permeability of carbonation and chloride ion. And sticking strength of inorganic coating material is higher than organic coating material.

PVA-ECC를 활용한 Half PC 복합체의 역학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김재환,김영덕,김갑수,조봉석,장종호,김무한 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

ECC represents one particular class of HPFRCC, which are defined by an ultimate strength higher than their first cracking strength and the formation of multiple cracking during the inelastic deformation process. This study is to provide the fundamental data for the development of hybrid construction method such as the half PC(Precast concrete) reinforced by PVA-ECC, the mechanical properties of half PC according to the alteration of properties of PVA-ECC in terms of the type of fiber, Vr, S/M, placing height of PVA-ECC, are experimentally investigated. As the results. it is found that the half PCs of PVA-ECC have very higher mechanical performance in terms of yield load, strain capacity beyond yield point and maximum flexural load than that of mortar. Also, flexural crack in the half PCs of PVA-ECC are not localized at first crack and are growed to many micro crack, especially multiple cracking in specimen of P(12)-30-0.1ㆍ3 occurred.

제주도 연안 정치망 조업시스템 개발에 관한 연구 : 낙망에 의한 조업시스템 생력화 Studies for the Man Power Saving of Fishing System by Pound net

김병엽,김석종,이창헌,김종범,서두옥 濟州大學校 海洋硏究所 2002 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.26 No.-

제주도 연안 정치망의 조업시스템 생력화와 실용화를 목적으로 어군의 도피를 최대한 방지하고 양망작업이 용이하도록 개량 설계된 낙망어구를 제주도 북제주군 한경면 금등정치망 어장에 부설하고 실용화 및 조업시스템 생력화에 대하여 현장실험을 실시하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 낙망어구규모에 적합한 조업선을 기계화하여 1척의 어선으로 조업이 가능하였다. 2. 조업어선 선수미부 양망현에 양망기인 캡스턴을 설치하므로 조업인원 2∼3명으로도 양망작업이 가능하였다. 3. 망갈이 작업시 양망한 그물을 선상에서 적재하고 육상에서 양륙할 때 파워블록을 사용함으로써 작업효율을 높일 수 있었다. In order to obtain the fundamental data for the man power saving and the practical use of fishing system for a set net in the coast of Jeju island, a pound net designed for making hauling operation easier and preventing a school of fish from escaping was set up at a fishing ground in Geumdeung and a field experiment was carried out. The fishing operation was feasible with one boat mechanized for the pound net and the hauling operation was not made possible with 2-3 persons till a net haular, that is, a capstan was set up on the hauling side of the boat. In addition, a power block enhanced the efficiency of operation for hauling up the net on board or hauling down on land.