한국인 정신분열병과 HLA-DRB1 대립유전자의 관련성

황나영,김종원,오흥범,조지희,오선영,홍진표,박종익,이동은 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구목적: 유전이 정신분열병의 중요한 원인이라는 것은 널리 인정되어 왔다. 본 연구는 한국인 정신분열병과HLA-DRB1 유전자좌와의 관련성을 알아보고 외국인 대상의 보고들과 비교함으로써 한국인 정신분열병의 유전적 특성을 밝히고자 시행하였다. 방법: 정신분열병 환자 70명을 대상으로 HLA-DRB1 대립유전자를 고해상도 수준까지 분석하였다. 저해상도 수준의 HLA-DR결과는 정상 한국인 2,000명의 연구 보고와 비교하였으며 고해상도 수준의 HLA-DRB1 결과는 정상 한국인 229명의 연구 보고와 비교하였다. 결과: 저해상도 수준에서는 HLA-DR11이 정신분열병 환자군에서 9.0%, 정산인에서는 3.8%의 빈도를 보여 환자군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 빈도를 보였으며(p=0.005), 고해상도 수준에서는 HLA-DRB1*1101이 환자군에서 9.0%로 정상인의 1.8%보다 유의하게 높은 빈도를 보였다(p<0.001). 결론: 본 연구에서는 한국인 정신분열병과 HLA-DR11(HLA-DRB1*1101)이 양적 상관관계를 보여 백인에서 DR4와 부정적 상관관계를 보인 결과나 일본인에서 DR1(DRB1*0101)과 양적 상관관계를 보인 결과와 상이하였다. 이러한 한국인 정신분열병 환자의 유전적 특성은 가족연구 혹은 더 많은 수의 환자를 대상으로 한 관련연구를 통하여 재확인되어야 할 것이다. 중심단어:정신분열병·HLA-DRB1·관련연구. Objective: A genetic predisposition is widely accepted in schizophrenia. This study was intended to fine any association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with korean schizophrenics and thereby compare the results of other ethni groups. Method: The subjects were 70 unrelated Korean patients. Low and high resolution typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles were performed. The comparison groups were 2,000 unrelated healthy Koreans for low resolution HLA-DR and 229 unrelated healthy Koreans for HLA-DRB1 alleles. Results: Gene frequencies of HLA-DR11(patients 9.0%, healthy control 3.8%, p=0.005) and HLA-DRB1*1101(patients 9.0%, healthy control 1.8%, p<0.001) were significantly higher in Korean schizophrenics. Conclusion: The frequency of HLA-DR11(HLA-DRB1*1101) is significantly higher in Korean schizophrenics than in healthy Koreans. HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR1, which were known to be associated with Caucasian and Japanese schizophrenics, respectively, did not show statistical association with Korean schizophrenics. This association need to be reassured though further studies with families or association study with larger numbers of subjects. KEY WORDS:Schizophrenia·HLA-DRB1·Association study.

신경세포 시냅스에서 Shank2, Homer 1b와 PLC-β3의 신호전달 복합체 형성

황종익,신금주,류성호,서판길 한국뇌학회 2001 한국뇌학회지 Vol.1 No.2

포스포리파아제 C-베타(phospholipase C-β: PLC-β) 동위효소는 G-proteins-coupled receptors(GPCR)와 그의 신호전달 매개체인 heterotrimeric G proteins에 의해 활성화된다. PLC-β는 효소적 활성에 필요한 영역 외에 카르복시 말단에 PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding motif를 가진다. 이 motif는 PLC-β가 PDZ domain을 가진 단백질들과 결합함으로써 GPCR 매개 신호전달에서 특이적인 역할을 수행할 가능성을 제시한다. 이에 본 연구자들은 효모 two-hybrid assay를 통하여 Shank2가 PLC-β3와 결합함을 이전에 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는, 면역침전반응을 통해 두 단백질의 결합은 PLC-β3의 카르복시 말단의 PDZ-binding motif를 통하여 이루어짐을 확인하였고 신경세포의 시냅스에서 mGluR1 및 IP3 수용체와 결합하는 Homer 1b 와 Shank2가 PLC-β3와 함께 위치하는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 전자현미경을 이용하여 Homer 1b와 Shank2가 위치하는 PSD 영역에서 PLC-β3가 존재함을 확인하고 mGluR1과 Shank2, Homer 1b, PLC-β3가 해마와 소뇌의 많은 부분에서 동시에 발현되는 것을 확인함으로써 다시 한번 입증되었다. 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 이들 세 단백질은 같은 신경세포의 시냅스에서 발현되어 복합체를 형성함으로써 mGluR1에 의해 매개되는 신호전달을 보다 효율적으로 수행할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. Phospholipase C-β isotypes activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and heterotrimeric G proteins carry a PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding motif in their carboxyl terminus. This motif may enable PLC-β isotypes to play specific roles in GPCR signaling through interacting with PDZ-containing proteins. We identified Shank2 as a PLC-β3 binding protein, using yeast two-hybrid system in the previous study, and here we characterized the binding of PLC-β3 with Shank2. Immunoprecipitation study showed that Shank2 interacts with PDZ-binding motif of PLC-β3. Moreover, PLC-β3 was colocalized with Shank2 and Homer 1b that interacts with mGluR1 and IP3 receptor on the synapse of primary-cultured neuronal cells. Immunogold EM also showed that PLC-β3 immunoreactivity was detected at the PSD of the CA1 pyramidal neurons. In several regions of hippocampus and cerebellum, the expression pattern of Shank2 was similar to that of mGluR1, Homer 1b, and PLC-β3. These results suggest that PLC-β3, Shank2, and Homer 1b may act as active intermediates in mGluR1-mediated signal transduction by forming signaling complex in neuronal synapses.

두부손상 환자에서 정신증상과 뇌 손상부위와의 관계 : 우울증상과 인지기능 장애를 중심으로 Focused on Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Dysfunctions

황익근,김종상,정상근 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.6

To investigate the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and brain lesion site, thirty eight psychiatric inpatients with history of head trauma were selected. Patients were divided into three groups according to lesion sites ; patients with left hemispheric lesion (N=13), patients with right hemispheric lesion(N=11), and patients with ill defined lesion(N=14). Psychiatric symptoms were examined focused on depression and cognitive functions. Depressive symptoms were checked by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), and cognitive functions were checked by Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE) and Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale(KWIS). The results were as follows : 1) Patients with left hemispheric lesion, especially with left anterior lesion, showed significantly higher HRSD score than patients with another lesion sites(p<0.05). 2) Moderate to severe depression, whose HRSD score was higher than 18, was more common in patients with left hemispheric lesion than in patients with another lesion sites. 3) MMSE scores and KWIS scores of all three groups were not significantly different each other. 4) ‘Calculation’scores were lower in patients with left hemispheric lesion than in patients with another lesion sites. 5) ‘Language’scores were significantly lower in patients with left hemispheric lesion than in patients with another lesion sites(p<0.0.5).

Landsat 영상의 온라인 자동 기하보정 시스템

윤영보,황태현,조성익,박종현 한국지리정보학회 2004 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.7 No.4

원격탐사 자료를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서 위성영상의 기하학적인 왜곡을 제거하는 작업은 반드시 필요하다. 이러한 기하보정을 위해서는 기하보정 된 위성영상, 수치지도, GPS 측량 및 기타방법에 의해 획득되어진 지상기준점을 필요로 한다. 지금까지의 지강기준점을 이용한 기하보정 방법은 수동적으로 이루어 졌으며. 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 하였다. 본 넌문에서는 CCP Chip 데이터베이스를 이용하여 온라인 상에서 자동으로 기하보정 하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 온라인자동기하보정 시스템은 영상을 입력하는 부분, 지상기준점 영상을 조정하는 부분, 선택된 지상기준점을 수정 및 갱신하는 부분, 그리고 기하보정 결과를 저장하는 네 가지 부분으로 이루어져 있다. 결론적으로 이러한 온라인 자동 기하보정 시스템을 이용하여 기존의 수동적인 기하보정방법 보다 시간 및 노력을 줄일 수 있으며, 랜셋 영상의 활용에 기여할 것이다. In order to utilize remote sensed images effectively, it is necessary to correct geometric distortion. Geometric correction is a critical step to remove geometric distortions in satellite images. For geometric correction, Ground Control Points (GCPs) have to be chosen carefully to guarantee the quality of geocoded satellite images, digital maps, GPS surveying or other data. Traditional approach to geometric correction used GCPs requires substantial human operations. Also that is necessary much time and manpower. In this paper, we presented an on-line automatic geometric correction by constructing GCP Chip da tabase. The Proposed on-line automatic geometric correction system is consists of four part. Input image, control the GCP Chip, revision of selected GCP, and output setting part. In conclusion, developed system reduced the processing time and energy for tedious manual geometric correction and promoted usage of Landsat imagery.

지역사회 정신의학 전공의 교육과정 실태조사

홍진표,황순찬,이영문,이선형,신나리,이종일,박종익,장동원,정인원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.1

Objectives : There is a increasing need to recruit and retain more psychiatrists who can plan and implement organized programs to work with chronic mentally ill patients in community settings. The aim of study is to discover what training is currently in place to prepare psychiatrist for work in "community" or "public" settings. Methods : Survey questionnaires were mailed to 85 residency training directors and 10 leaders of community mental health in 2005. Response rate was 75%. Results : Academic seminar about community mental health were not administered to residents in 63% of training hospitals. Forty one out of 64 training hospitals had community mental health rotation programs, Community mental health center (50%) and day hospital (36%) were the most common type of programs. Few general hospital had affiliation with community mental health programs. The amount of time for clinical rotation varied from less than three months part time to 6 months fulltime, with most frequent form of one day per week for three month in second or third year of psychiatry residents. Conclusion : Further steps are needed to improve residency training curricula and to encourage well qualified psychiatrist to choose careers in community psychiatry.

정신보건법의 주요 쟁점 조항에 대한 선진국과의 사례 비교

홍진표,황순찬,박수빈,서동우,정은기,김진학,박종익,안주연,김수정,장홍석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.2

Objectives The Mental Health Act is an initiative aimed at changing and shaping mental health services and protecting human rights of persons with mental disorders. Since the Mental Health Act was legislated in 1995, four amendments have been made according to the issues that arose from public concerns. However, there are still many debates about the human rights protection of the mentally iII. This study aimed to provide information regarding major aspects of the Mental Health Act by comparing them among several developed countries. Methods Current Mental Health Acts of the state of Michigan in the United States, Scotland in England, the state of Victoria in Australia, and Japan were reviewed. Issues regarding the Korean Mental Health Act were collected from seminar materials, news media contents, and mental health professionals Results The definition of subjects in Korean Mental Health Act was more inclusive than other countries and was derived from a medical classification of mental illness. Family members or guardians were granted important responsibilities for deciding the involuntary admission of mentally ill patients in Korea and Japan. In Western countries, Mental Health Review Tribunals or courts have the primary responsibility for important decisions about mentally ill patients. The regulation of immediate dis- charge after request by voluntarily admitted patients was not enacted in all countries except Korea. The mandatory procedure for involuntary admission in Western countries includes an individual case review with personal interview by a Mental Health Review Tribunal or court. Conclusion The Korean Mental Health Act appears to meet the basic standards of Guidelines from international organizations. Our traditional culture and inherent health systems seem to influence the legal regulation of mental health service and might be related to the problems of human rights protection of mentally ill patients in Korea.

남성성기능장애 환자의 우울, 불안, 스트레스 지각 및 대응전략

정헌구,정상근,황익근,박종관 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.3

남성성기능장애 환자와 정상대조군을 비교한 우울, 불안, 스트레스 지각과 남성성기능 장애 환자의 스트레스 대응전략에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 남성성기능장애 환자에서 우울과 불안의 수준이 유의하게 더 높았다. 2) 남성성기능장애 환자에서 전반적 생활에서 느끼는 스트레스에 대한 지각이 유의하게 더 높았고 특히 일과 직업, 대인관계에서 스트레스를 더 많이 지각하고 있었으며 최근 1년간의 부정적 생활 사건의 빈도가 유의하게 더 높았다. 3) 남성성기능장애 환자의 대응전략으로는 지적추구, 재정립과 순응이 많았고 대부분이 취약성을 부정하는 경향을 보였다. 배우자가 없는 남성성기능장애 환자에 비해 배우자가 있는 남성성기능장애 환자자 적극적으로 대응하며 정서적 불안정성, 불안 및 두려움이 적었다. 남성성기능장애 환자의 가장 큰 지지원은 의사였다. Thirty-one male sexual dysfunctional patients were selected to investigate their depression, anxiety, stress perception, and coping strategy. Then were examined by Beck's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale an Coping Strategy. Twenty-seven healthy normal adults were selected as control group. The results were as follows: 1) Depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in the patients. 2) Stress perception of usual life, especially work job and change in relationships, was significantly higher in the patients. Frequency of negative life events was significantly higher in the patients. 3) As coping strategy, intellectualisation, redefinition and compliance were most frequently used by the patients. Most of the patients showed tendency to deny their vulnerabilities. Patients who lived with spouse showed more active confrontation and less emotional turmoil, anxiety and fear than patients who lived without spouse.

Expansion of Secretin-Like G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Their Peptide Ligands via Local Duplications Before and After Two Rounds of Whole-Genome Duplication

Hwang, Jong-Ik,Moon, Mi Jin,Park, Sumi,Kim, Dong-Kyu,Cho, Eun Bee,Ha, Nui,Son, Gi Hoon,Kim, Kyungjin,Vaudry, Hubert,Seong, Jae Young Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2013 Molecular biology and evolution Vol.30 No.5

<P>In humans, the secretin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family comprises 15 members with 18 corresponding peptide ligand genes. Although members have been identified in a large variety of vertebrate and nonvertebrate species, the origin and relationship of these proteins remain unresolved. To address this issue, we employed large-scale genome comparisons to identify genome fragments with conserved synteny and matched these fragments to linkage groups in reconstructed early gnathostome ancestral chromosomes (<I>GAC</I>). This genome comparison revealed that most receptor and peptide genes were clustered in three <I>GAC</I> linkage groups and suggested that the ancestral forms of five peptide subfamilies (corticotropin-releasing hormone-like, calcitonin-like, parathyroid hormone-like, glucagon-like, and growth hormone-releasing hormone-like) and their cognate receptor families emerged through tandem local gene duplications before two rounds (2R) of whole-genome duplication. These subfamily genes have, then, been amplified by 2R whole-genome duplication, followed by additional local duplications and gene loss prior to the divergence of land vertebrates and teleosts. This study delineates a possible evolutionary scenario for whole secretin-like peptide and receptor family members and may shed light on evolutionary mechanisms for expansion of a gene family with a large number of paralogs.</P>

Case Reports : Primary Granulocytic Sarcoma of the Face

( Jong Ik Hwang ),( Tae Yoon Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.2s

Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor which consists of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. This tumor presents in the lymphoid organs, bone, skin, soft tissue, various mucosae and organs, and the central nervous system. Granulocytic sarcoma, an extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, is also referred to as chloroma (GS) because of its greenish surface color. Granulocytic sarcoma is rare and difficult to diagnose. We can easily misdiagnose this tumor as lymphoma or sarcoma, especially when there is no evidence of hematologic disorders. Immunohistochemical studies are helpful in determining the correct diagnosis. Antibodies to myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and chloroacetate esterase are used for the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. In addition, detection of cell surface markers such as CD 33, CD 34, CD 68, CD 99, and HLA-DR may be useful. We describe a case of GS that presented with bluish nodules on the right cheek of a 54-year-old woman with immunohistochemical findings for correct diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 23(S2) S214~S217, 2011)

Primary Granulocytic Sarcoma of the Face

Hwang, Jong Ik,Kim, Tae Yoon Korean Dermatological Association; The Korean Soci 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.suppl2

<P>Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor which consists of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. This tumor presents in the lymphoid organs, bone, skin, soft tissue, various mucosae and organs, and the central nervous system. Granulocytic sarcoma, an extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, is also referred to as chloroma (GS) because of its greenish surface color. Granulocytic sarcoma is rare and difficult to diagnose. We can easily misdiagnose this tumor as lymphoma or sarcoma, especially when there is no evidence of hematologic disorders. Immunohistochemical studies are helpful in determining the correct diagnosis. Antibodies to myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and chloroacetate esterase are used for the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. In addition, detection of cell surface markers such as CD 33, CD 34, CD 68, CD 99, and HLA-DR may be useful. We describe a case of GS that presented with bluish nodules on the right cheek of a 54-year-old woman with immunohistochemical findings for correct diagnosis.</P>