Energy storage capabilities of nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles fabricated through rapid pyrolysis

Yun, Young Soo,Kim, Yu Hyun,Song, Min Yeong,Kim, Na Rae,Ku, Kyojin,An, Ji Su,Kang, Kisuk,Choi, Hyoung Jin,Jin, Hyoung-Joon Elsevier 2016 Journal of Power Sources Vol.331 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanostructured pyropolymers contain significant amounts of redox-active heteroatoms, have high specific surface areas, and a defective carbon microstructure, indicating good potential for pseudocapacitive charge storage. In this study, nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) are fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>. N-PNs-50 exhibit a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt%, a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and an amorphous carbon structure with an I<SUB> <I>D</I> </SUB>/I<SUB> <I>G</I> </SUB> intensity ratio of 0.95. These unique characteristics lead to good electrochemical performances, in which reversible capacities of 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively, with favorable voltage characteristics (<1.5 V for Li-ions and <1.2 V for Na-ions). This study provides a more feasible production method for nitrogen-doped pyropolymers and their practicable electrochemical performances for use as an anode in energy storage devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanostructured pyropolymers (N-PNs-50) were fabricated by rapid pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt% and amorphous carbon structure. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> were achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) were fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>, showing superior electrochemical performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Effects of electroacupuncture on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic cold hypersensitivity in rats

Moon, Hak Jin,Lim, Bong-Soo,Lee, Dae-Il,Ye, Min Sook,Lee, Giseog,Min, Byung-Il,Bae, Hyunsu,Na, Heung Sik,Kim, Sun Kwang Springer-Verlag 2014 JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.64 No.2

This study investigated whether and how electroacupuncture (EA) attenuates cold hypersensitivity (allodynia) in a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. Cold allodynia [evaluated by immersing the tail into cold water (4 A degrees C) and measuring the withdrawal latency] was induced 3 days after an oxaliplatin administration (6 mg/kg, i.p.). EA stimulation (2/100 Hz, 0.3-ms pulse duration, 0.2-0.3 mA) was delivered to ST36 acupoint or non-acupoint for 20 min. Low-frequency (2 Hz) EA at ST36 relieved cold allodynia more effectively than high-frequency EA at ST36 or low-frequency EA at non-acupoint. Naloxone (opioid antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) completely blocked such EA-induced anti-allodynia, whereas phentolamine (alpha-adrenergic antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not. Moreover, plasma beta-endorphin levels significantly increased right after the end of EA and subsequently decreased. These results indicate that low-frequency EA at ST36 in rats has a marked relieving effect on oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia that is mediated by the endogenous opioid, but not noradrenergic, system.

초음파 (US)와 다양한 파장범위의 자외선 (UV) 조사에 따른 DEP 분해특성에 관한 연구

나승민 ( Seung Min Na ),( Jin Hua Cai ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),( Ming Can Cui ),김지형 ( Jee Hyeong Khim ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.7

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is widely spread in the natural environment as an endocrine disruption chemicals (EDs). Therefore, in this study, ultrasound (US) and ultraviolet (UVC), including various applied power density (10-40 W/L), UV wavelengths (365 nm, 254 nm and 185 nm) and frequencies (283 kHz, 935 kHz) were applied to a DEP contaminated solution. The pseudo-first order degradation rate constants were in the order of 10-1 to 10-4 min-1 depending on the processes. Photolytic and sonophotolytic DEP degradation rate also were high at shortest UV wavelength (VUV) due to the higher energy of photons, higher molar absorption coefficient of DEP and increased hydroxyl radical generation from homolysis of water. Sonolytic DEP degradation rate increased with increase of applied input power and the dominant reaction mechanism of DEP in sonolysis was estimated as hydroxyl radical reaction by the addition of t-BuOH, which is a common hydroxyl radical scavenger. Moreover, synergistic effect of were also observed for sonophotolytic degradation with various UV irradiation.

Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers for surface-induced sodium-ion storage

Yoon, Hyeon Ji,Lee, Min Eui,Kim, Na Rae,Yang, Seung Jae,Jin, Hyoung-Joon,Yun, Young Soo Pergamon Press 2017 Electrochimica Acta Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Surface-driven charge storage materials based on both electrochemical double layer (EDL) formation and pseudocapacitive behavior can deliver high energy and power capabilities with long-lasting cycling performance. On the other hand, the electrochemical performance is strongly dependent on the material properties, requiring sophisticated electrode design with a high active surface area and a large number of redox-active sites. In this study, hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) were fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by simple heating with KOH. The HN-PNFs have a hierarchically nanoporous structure and an exceptionally high specific surface area of 3,950.7m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as numerous redox-active heteroatoms (C/O and C/N ratio of 10.6 and 16.8, respectively). These unique material properties of HN-PNFs resulted in high reversible Na-ion capacity of ∼292mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as rapid kinetics and stable cycling performance in the cathodic potential range (1-4.5V vs. Na<SUP>+</SUP>/Na). Furthermore, energy storage devices based on HN-PNFs showed a remarkably high specific energy of ∼258 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at ∼245Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as a high specific power of ∼21,500Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> at ∼78 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, with long and stable cycling behaviors over 2,000 cycles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) were fabricated. </LI> <LI> HN-PNFs have a high specific surface area of ∼3,950m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> and numerous heteroatoms. </LI> <LI> HN-PNFs exhibit high capacities of ∼292mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> and great rate/cycling performances. </LI> <LI> High energy (258Whkg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and high power (21,500Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP>) are achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by simple heating with KOH exhibited high electrochemical performance for Na-ion storage.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

광주광역시 전문계 고등학교 특성화 및 종합발전방안

나승일,정철영,김진모,안강현,한홍진,김기용,민상기,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하는데 있다. 이 연구는 ① 전문계 고등학교 관련 선행연구 분석,② 인력육성 및 특성화 방향을 설정하기 위하여 광주광역시,전라남도,우리나라의 산업여건 분석,③ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교에 대해 Malcolm Baldrige 평가모형에 의한 진단평가와 SWOT 및 활용전략 분석, ④ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 개편 요구 분석,⑤ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안 설정 등의 과정을 통해 수행되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째,비전은 광주광역시 전문계고 특성화와 발전 역량 구축을 통한 산업체 요구에 부합하는 우수 인력 양성이며,이를 위한 전략은 특성화 체제구축,학교교육 혁신,인적 자원 혁신,학교경영 혁신,인프라 구축으로 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 특성화 체제 구축은 특성화 체제 개편,교육과정 중심 특성화,학과 재배치 통합형 고교 도입,특성화고 신설을 통해 추진할 수 있 는데 특히,교육과정 중심 특성화가 적극 도입되어야 한다. 셋째,학교교육 혁신은 교육과정 개편,교수 학습 개선,진로지도 개선,시설 및 기자재 개선을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 넷째,인적자원 혁신은 학교 관리자 역량 강화,교원 역량 강화,학생 역량 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 다섯째,학교경영 혁신은 경영 리더십 제고,경영 성과관리 강화,학교 재정 혁신을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 여섯째,인프라 구축을 위해 지자체,대학,산업체,지역주민과 연계 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 일곱째,13개 전문계 고둥학교의 여건 및 특성에 적합한 단위학교별 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하였다. The purpose of this study was to suggest strategies to specialize and develop vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The study was orderly performed as follows: (1) reviewing literature about vocational high school, (2) analyzing the condition of industries, (3) diagnosing the vocational high school through Malcolm Baldrige model, (4) analyzing the SWOT and application strategies, (5) analyzing the needs of reform, and (6) establishing the strategies for the specialization and development of Vocational High Schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The major findings of this study were as the following: First, the vision was to bring up excellent human resources to corresponds industrial needs through specialization and development of vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Five strategies to achieve it were creating the specialization system, innovating the school education, human resources, and the school management, and building the infrastructure. Second, creating the specialization system can be performed through five tasks which were restructuring the specialization system, creating curriculum-based specialization, trading departments in inter-schools, introducing an integrated high school, and building a new specialized high school. Especially curriculum based specialization needs to be accepted. Third, innovating the school education can be performed through four tasks which were reorganizing the curriculum, improving the teaching and learning, improving the career guidance, and improving the facilities and equipments. Fourth, innovating human resources can be performed through three tasks which were enhancing each competencies of a school manager, a teacher, and a student. Fifth, innovating the school management can be performed through three tasks which were improving the management leadership, developing the performance management, and innovating the school finance. Sixth, building the infrastructure can be performed through four tasks which were enhancing the relationships with a local government, colleges, industries, and local residents. Seventh, individual strategies for the specialization and development of thirteen vocational high schools were also developed by corresponding to their conditions and characteristics.

Characteristics of Cytosolic Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Isolated from Rat Liver

Na, Doe Sun,Park, Young Min,Rhee, Hae Jin,Won, Jong Hak 생화학분자생물학회 1997 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.2

A calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ (iPLA₂) was identified from the cytosolic fraction of rat liver cells. On gel filtration chromatography, the iPLA₂ activity was eluted as broad peaks of 150 to 500 kDa. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.5, retained 75% of its original activity after heating at 50℃ for 5 h, and was inhibited by Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), and Zn^(2+) ions, but was not affected by Na+ and K+ ions. The enzymatic activity was increased up to 150% by 1 to 4 mM DTT and was inhibited up to 25% by 0.1 to 1 mM PMSF. The iPLA₂ activity had preference for the head group of phospholipass, where phosphatidylethanolamine was preferred to phosphatidylcholine. The results suggest that the iPLA₂ may be a novel enzyme distinct from the previously reported iPLA₂s.

농업교육훈련 프로그램 평가

나승일,김강호,민상기,이민욱,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 2006년 농림부의 국고지원을 통해 77개 기관에서 운영된 총 157개 농엽교육훈련 프로그램의 효율성 및 성과에 대한 평가와 개선방안을 수립하는데 있었다. 이를 위해 프로그램별 모니터링,프로그램별 자체보고서,농업교육훈련 담당자 질의응답을 설시하였으며,평가위원회를 구성하여 최종 평가결과를 도출하였다. 그리고 평가에 활용된 평가기준은 4개 평가영역,16개 평가항목,26개 평가지표로 구성하였다. 평정을 위한 체크리스트에서 각 평가지표를 2∼4단계의 실행수준을 설정하였으며,이를 바탕으로 지표별 점수가 산출되었다. 평가등급은 A등급(90점 이상),B등급(80점 이상), C등급(70점 이상),D등급(70점 미만)과 평가유보로 부여하였다. 농업교육훈련 프로그램의 전체적인 평가결과는 A등급 43개(27.4%),B등급 70개(44.6%),C등급 33개 (21.0%),평가유보 11개(7.0%)로 나타났다. 그리고 농업교육훈련 프로그램 유형별 평가영역과 항목에 대한 평점을 도출하였다. 이러한 농업교육훈련 프로그램의 평가를 바탕으로 한 농업교육훈련의 종합적인 개선방안을 기관별 중장기 교육프로그램 체계 구축,교육대상자 확대 및 이력관리,예산지원 체계 개편,교육기관별 프로그램 특성화,교육기관 및 프로그램 인증제 도입,교육대상의 특성에 맞는 프로그램 다양화,농업교육훈련 담당자 역량 개발 지원,비농업관련 강사진의 농업소양교육 지원,우수 사례 벤치마킹 및 활용 지원 등을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to set up evaluation about efficiency and performance in total of 157 agricultural education & training program operated by 77 institutions through the support from the ministry of agriculture in 2006. Monitoring, in-house report in each program, and survey of HRD practitioner in the field of agricultural education & training was performed and result of evaluation was finalized through committee of evaluation, In addition, evaluation standard was composed of 4 domains, 16 sub-domains, and 26 indicators. The score for each indicator was decided based on a checklist, which has 2 to 4 levels for each indicator. And evaluation grade was consisted of As(over 90), Bs(over 80), Cs(over 70), Ds(under 70) and Undecided. The overall result of evaluation agricultural education & training program was rated as 43 As(27,4%), 70 Bs (44.6%) 33 Cs (21.0%), 11 of undecided (7.0%). Grade point indicating domains and sub-domains of evaluation according to program type was driven. Based on this direction of improvement regarding agricultural education & training program was suggested as follow: ① Set up middle- and long-term system of education program in every institution, ② expand learning opportunities to farmers and resume management ③ improve budget supporting system ④ customize program according to institutions ⑤ introduce certification of education institution and program ⑥ diverse program according to farmers' characteristics ⑦ support competency development of HRD practitioner in the field of agricultural education & training ⑧ support agriculture-related education for non-agricultural instructors. ⑨ support the utilization of best practices.

배 유과 가공제품의 품질 특성 및 저장 중 생균수 변화

민진홍, 현세희1, 나광출, 이종수, 김하근 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 自然科學論文集 Vol.23 No.1

To develop the functional pear fruitlet product, we prepared dried pear fruitlet and fermented pear fruitlet, respectively. Then we investigated their general characteristics, and viable cell number changes during the storage at room temperature. We also determined preference for their tastes. Dried pear fruitlet contained more ash and crude proteins as well as minerals than fermented pear fruitlet. However fermented pear fruitlet contained higher amount of edible fiber than dried pear fruitlet. Fungi were not detected from dried pear fruitlet during the storage experiment at room temperature. Numbers of bacteria from dried pear fruitlet were increased from 1.1☓105/g at the beginning to2.6☓106/g at the last day of experiment. When we determined change of fungi number during the storage of fermented pear fruitlet, we cannot detect fungi at the beginning but we detected 4.4☓102/g of fungi at the last day of storage experiment. Bacteria from fermented pear fruitlet were detected at around 1.0☓109/g during the storage periods. Preference for fermented pear fruitlet was superior to dried one.

응고제가 우유두부의 물성 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향

우나리야,이민선,박수진,강명화 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.5

Different types of coagulant and characteristics of its concentration added in the process of making milk curd were compared in this study. The pH of whey decreased when the amount of coagulant increased. The turbidity of whey was decreased when 5% of acetic acid and lemon juice were put into as coagulants. The texture of milk curd made with cow's milk and skim milk was measured the highest when acetic acid and lemon juice were added at 3, 5% of their concentration. The fracturability of milk curd made only with cow's milk decreased as the concentration of each coagulant increased. The cohesiveness was decreased as concentration of coagulant increased. The springiness was slightly changed depending on its coagulant but didn't show much of difference. The gummminess of milk curd made with cow's milk was increased when 3, 5% of coagulant was added. The result of sensory evaluation of milk curd showed that preference of milk curd wasn't depending on types of milk nor its coagulant. Also, flavor preference showed better when lemon juice was added. Preference in texture of milk curd was the highest made with cow's milk and skim milk. Preference in taste was high when 10% of lemon juice was added to skim milk and preference in its appearance showed higher when the alum was added as a coagulant to both cow's milk and skim milk than other coagulants.