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Oral Delivery of Probiotics in Poultry Using pH-Sensitive Tablets
( Tao Jiang ),( Hui-shan Li ),( Geon Goo Han ),( Bijay Singh ),( Sang-kee Kang ),( Jin-duck Bok ),( Dae-duk Kim ),( Zhong-shan Hong ),( Yun-jaie Choi ),( Chong-su Cho ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.4
As alternatives to antibiotics in livestocks, probiotics have been used, although most of them in the form of liquid or semisolid formulations, which show low cell viability after oral administration. Therefore, suitable dry dosage forms should be developed for livestocks to protect probiotics against the low pH in the stomach such that the products have higher probiotics survivability. Here, in order to develop a dry dosage forms of probiotics for poultry, we used hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 55 (HPMCP 55) as a tablet-forming matrix to develop probiotics in a tablet form for poultry. Here, we made three different kinds of probiotics-loaded tablet under different compression forces and investigated their characteristics based on their survivability, morphology, disintegration time, and kinetics in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The results indicated that the probiotics formulated in the tablets displayed higher survival rates in acidic gastric conditions than probiotics in solution. Rapid release of the probiotics from the tablets occurred in simulated intestinal fluid because of fast swelling of the tablets in neutral pH. As a matrix of tablet, HPMCP 55 provided good viability of probiotics after 6 months under refrigeration. Moreover, after oral administration of probiotics-loaded tablets to chicken, more viable probiotics were observed, than with solution type, through several digestive areas of chicken by the tablets.
Overexpression of $AMPK{\alpha}1$ Ameliorates Fatty Liver in Hyperlipidemic Diabetic Rats
Seo, Eun-Hui,Park, Eun-Jin,Joe, Yeon-Soo,Kang, Soo-Jeong,Kim, Mi-Sun,Hong, Sook-Hee,Park, Mi-Kyoung,Kim, Duk-Kyu,Koh, Hyong-Jong,Lee, Hye-Jeong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.6
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of a catalytic ($\alpha$) and two regulatory ($\beta$ and $\gamma$) subunits. Two isoforms are known for catalytic subunit (${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$) and are encoded by different genes. To assess the metabolic effects of $AMPK{\alpha}1$, we examined the effects of overexpression of adenoviral-mediated $AMPK{\alpha}1$ in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic rats. The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat is an established animal model of type 2 diabetes that exhibits chronic and slowly progressive hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Thirty five-week-old overt type 2 diabetic rats (n=10) were administered intravenously with Ad.$AMPK{\alpha}1$. AMPK activity was measured by phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxlyase (ACC). To investigate the changes of gene expression related glucose and lipid metabolism, quantitative real-time PCR was performed with liver tissues. Overexpression of $AMPK{\alpha}1$ showed that blood glucose concentration was decreased but that glucose tolerance was not completely recovered on 7th day after treatment. Plasma triglyceride concentration was decreased slightly, and hepatic triglyceride content was markedly reduced by decreasing expression of hepatic lipogenic genes. Overexpression of $AMPK{\alpha}1$ markedly improved hepatic steatosis and it may have effective role for improving hepatic lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic state.
A Study of Standardization of Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC., Campanulaceae with Platycodin D
Kim, Ho-chul,Ahn, Duk-kyun,Kang, Chul-hun,Piao, Hui-shan INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE KYUNG-HEE UNIVERSIT 1998 JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Vol.3 No.1
In this study, a new purification method of platycodin D and a standardization method for evaluation of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC., are introduced. Platycodin D was isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC., Campanulaceae, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a gradient (water and acetonitrile) program. The purified platycodin D was characterized with Fast Atom Bombardment mass spectrometer, thin layer chromatography and ultra-viloet(UV) spectrophotometer. These data demonstrate that its molecular weight of 1224, which is consistent with that of the platycodin D and its UV-spectrum, is similar to that of a compound with a double bond. The Rf value from thin layer chromatography (TLC) is that expected for the purified platycodin D. The purified compound was used as a standard in evaluating the quality of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC., Campanulaceae from various sources. The result indicates that the wild Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC., Campanulaceae contains 1.78 times more platycodin D than the cultured one.
High - Purity Separation of Phospholipids by Preparative High - Performance Liquid Chromatography
Row, Kyung Ho,Kang, Duk Hui 한국공업화학회 2001 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.7 No.3
Soybean lecithin (phospholipids), mainly phosphatidylethanolamine(PE), phosphatidylinositol(PI), and phosphatidylcholine(PC), is a commercial by-product of vegetable oil production. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of packing size in a chromatographic column, and to obtain the optimum mobile phase composition for preparative work. Normal-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was applied. Hexane, methanol, and isopropanol(IPA) were used as the ternary mobile phases. With the commercially available Nova-Pak column (4 m packing size, 3.9 ㎜ i.d., 15㎝ length), the gradient condition of mobile phase composition was that hexane linearly decreased from 85 to 0 vol.% and IPA and methanol, linearly increased 10 to 30 and 5 to 70 vol.% in the following two steps during the total run time of 25 min at the mobile phase flow rate of 1.5 ㎖/min. For the three other preparative packing sizes experimented were 15, 5/20, and 25/40㎛, the optimum mobile phases were experimentally obtained. The resolutions between PE and PI, PI and PC with 15㎛ packings was better over the other two preparative packings. A slight change in mobile phase composition was observed to increase the resolution at the same mobile phase flow rate.