Risk Assessment of 5-Chloro-2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One/2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One (CMIT/MIT) Used as a Preservative in Cosmetics

Kim, Min Kook,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Lee, Joo Young,Kwack, Seung Jun,Kwon, Yong Chan,Kang, Ji Soo,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Byung-Mu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

A New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MHY219, Inhibits the Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cells via HDAC1

De, Umasankar,Kundu, Soma,Patra, Nabanita,Ahn, Mee Young,Ahn, Ji Hae,Son, Ji Yeon,Yoon, Jung Hyun,Moon, Hyung Ryoung,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Hyung Sik The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.5

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are considered novel agents for cancer chemotherapy. We previously investigated MHY219, a new HDAC inhibitor, and its potent anticancer activity in human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated MHY219 molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of prostate cancer cell migration. Similar to suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), MHY219 inhibited HDAC1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. MHY219 cytotoxicity was higher in LNCaP ($IC_{50}=0.67{\mu}M$) than in DU145 cells ($IC_{50}=1.10{\mu}M$) and PC3 cells ($IC_{50}=5.60{\mu}M$) after 48 h of treatment. MHY219 significantly inhibited the HDAC1 protein levels in LNCaP and DU145 cells at high concentrations. However, inhibitory effects of MHY219 on HDAC proteins levels varied based on the cell type. MHY219 significantly inhibited LNCaP and DU145 cells migration by down-regulation of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-2 and induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). These results suggest that MHY219 may potentially be used as an anticancer agent to block cancer cell migration through the repression of MMP-1 and MMP-2, which is related to the reduction of HDAC1.

二中心 Hu¨ckel M.O法의 應用 (Ⅳ) : Carboxylic acid의 酸度와 電子密度에 關한 硏究 A Study on the Acidity of Carboxylic Acids and Electron Densities

李武相,朴柄珏 경북대학교 교육대학원 1976 논문집 Vol.6-7 No.-

Using the Two-Center Hu¨ckel M.O. Method, we calculated for Various organic monocarboxylic acids, the relationship between the observed pka and the electron densities are discussed. As a sesults of consideration, the electron densities of the dissociable proton in the -COOH and of the O-lone pair, which is constituted by the released proton on the dissociation, run parallel with the pka's. The delocalizability of the lone pair for the electrophilic reaction, and that of the proton for the nucleophilic reaction, have a linear relationship with the pka's. Therefore, the acidity of the mono-carboxylic acids may be estimated quantitatively by means of the calculated σelectron densities.

스포츠센터 조직 내 의사소통이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

이병익,이무희 龍仁大學校 2004 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.22 No.-

This research aims to find out how much communication in a sports center can lead to devotion of the employees to the center. A total of 350 employees were chosen from fourteen sports centers in Kyeonggi province, using the random cluster sampling method. This research adopts correlation analysis, and regression analysis for statistics analysis. The following results can be found through the methods and procedures above followed by data analysis: Upward communication is found statistically meaningful in terms of work-period based devotion; downward communication is found statistically meaningful in terms of definition- and rule-based devotion; and peer-to-peer communication is found statistically meaningful in terms of work-period based devotion. The devotion to the workplace shows 5.4% of feasibility for upward communication, 3.2% for downward communication, and 4.6% for peer-to-peer communication.

토목섬유-흙간의 접촉마찰특성 연구

이광열,김수석,송무효,김병일 東西大學校 1998 동서논문집 Vol.4 No.-

In this study, interfacial angles for two adjacent materials were investigated for the design of geosymthetics in earthen structures specially a liner systems of waste landfills. The purpose of the study is to determine interface friction angles of geosynthetids to various soil types and to examine the tensile strength of geosynthetics in side slope of waste landfills. To determine interface friction angles, the direct shear testing apparatus was modified in accordance with ASTM D5321. Three different types of soils and four geosynthetics are applied for the test to determine the interface friction angles. Equilibrium analysis were performed to estimate the required tensile strength of geosynthetics using a model of liner systems in a side slope. Form this study it is found that the textured type of HDPE is more efficiency than smooth type of HDPE and using soil-bentonite liners is more stable than using compacted clay liners underlying the HDPE sheet.

二中心 Hu¨ckel M.O.法의 應用(Ⅴ) : 아민의 알킬기 置換에 따른 아미노산과의 �타이드 結合에 관한 硏究 Study on the peptide bond formation of substituted alkylamines with various amino acids

朴柄珏,李武相,郭永佑 慶北大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

二中心 Hu‥ckel法을 使用해서, 筆者들은 amine의 alkyl 置換體, 1次, 2次, 3次 amine과 glycine, alanine, valine의 結合에너지 및 電子密度를 計算했다. 그 結果 amine에 alkyl基가 置換될 수록 amino酸과 peptide結合 形成이 어려웠다. 그리고 amine에 alkyl基간 置換에 따른 電子效果도 볼 수 있었으며 amino酸 간의 peptide 結合에서 생기는 化合物의 容易度를 짐작 할 수 있었다. 그러므로 σ 電子密度에 依해서 peptide 結合의 反應 mechanism을 짐작할 수 있었다. Two-Center Hu‥ckel M.O. method is used to calculate σ-bond energies, and σ-electron densities for alkyl substituted amines, pri-amine, sec-amine and t-amine, also glycine, alanine and valine amino acids. It is concluded that in the peptide bone formation the more alkyl group substituted amines with previous mentioned amino acids make more difficult. And it could be known the electron inductive effects in the alkyl substituted amines. By comparing σ-electron densities the facility of reaction with two amino acids and reaction mechanism could be predicted.

Cytotoxicity and L-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity of Animal Venoms

Ahn, Mi-Young,Lee, Byung-Mu,Kim, Yeong-Shik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.1

The cytotoxicity of animal venoms (snakes, insects and marine animals) was measured against SNU-1 (stomach cancer cells) by dye uptake assay (MTT method). And also L-amino acid oxidase (AAO) activity of the venoms was compared. Among them, the venom from Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) showed a strong AAO activity as well as a high potent cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic protein having a AAO was then partially purified by HPLC-GPC and two fractions (Fr. I and Fr. II) were collected. The $IC_{50}$ values of Fr. I and Fr. II were 0.19 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1.36 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The results suggested that the cytotoxicity of king cobra venom may be due to its AAO activity.

6-(3,4-디클로로페닐)아미노-7-클로로-5,8-퀴놀린디온의 항진균작용 및 안전성 평가

윤여표,김동현,이병무,허문영,정해문,강혜영,최정아,김도희,유충규 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

6-(3.4-Dichlorophenyl)amino-7-chloro-5.8-quinolinedione (RCK50) was tested for antifungal activities in mice systemically infected with Candida albicans. The therapeutic potential of RCK50 was also assessed in comparison with ketoconazole. RCK50 had ED_50 0.22±0.01 ㎎/㎏. Ketoconazole as a positive control had ED_50 6.00±1.70 ㎎/㎏. Intraperitoneally administered RCK50 at the ED_50 for 7 days and 14 days reduced Candida albicans colony count in the kidneys and liver. And administered RCK50 at the ED_50 for 14 days improved survival rates. The genotoxicities of RCK50 had been evaluated. RCK50 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberration test in CHL cells. RCK50 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. These results indicate that RCK50 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental conditions. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK50 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. RCK50 did not show acute oral toxicities and LD_50 values were over 2.850 ㎎/㎏ in ICR mice.

이종연료 층상분사를 이용한 디젤엔진을 NOx와 soot동시 저감에 관한 연구(제2보)

하종률,강병무,안현찬,이태원,윤수한 東亞大學校 2001 東亞論叢 Vol.38 No.-

To investigate the method of the simultaneous reduction of Soot and NOx, we developed a new conception for dual fuel stratified injection system in a Diesel Engine. Some parts of the injection system, ie. nozzle holder, delivery vale, were remodeled to inject diesel and methanol in order from one injector. The quantity of diesel and methanol was controled precisely by micrometers that were mounted at control lack of injection pump. The real injection quantity ratio of dual fuel was certificated by volumetric ratio at injection Quantity experiment. We could confirm the capability that soot and NOx simultaneously were reduced by diesel-methanol stratified injection from the results of combustion and exhaust characteristic.

C-단백 결핍에 의한 응고항진으로 발생한 폐동맥 혈전색전증

조준휘,박찬우,조병렬,최대희,조성준,이성호,황성오,안희철,안무업,서정열,유기철 대한응급의학회 2003 대한응급의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

A pulmonary thromboembolism usually results from a serious complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, several prothrombotic genetic risk factors are known to predispose a patient to thrombotic events, with manifestation at a young age. Protein C and S deficiencies are known to increase the risk of venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. We report a case of a young patient with protein C and S deficiencies suffering from a massive pulmonary thromboembolism.