殺戮與救贖的兩難抉擇 -余華和金英夏的父權意識比較分析

정동매 ( Dong-mei Zheng ),김학철 ( He-zhe Jin ) 중국어문연구회 2015 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.72

There are two similar features about Jin Yingxia, a writer from South Korea and Yu Hua from China. Both of them explore the thing of death in aesthetic style, and they also get the critical consciousness to fathers. This paper takes their novels as sample to study the features and differences of patricide consciousness in these works, to analyze the patricide impulsion and perplexity of these young writes who grew in cultural atmosphere of patriarchal system and matured in industrialized society of great change, and then reveals their introspection and seeking on social order. The two writers both grew in East Asian society with background of traditional Confucian culture, but because of different social system and culture, there are profound differences in their understanding on fathers. Jin Yingxia denied the capitalistic New Order based on interest relationship, but he still hovered in imaginative reconstruction of ideal society, while Yu Hua focused on history by revealing tininess of individual. The figure of fathers are ridiculed and deleted in Jin’s novels, while investigated and blamed in Yu’s work. As contemporary writers, they both took themselves in a contradiction of patricide impulsion and fear of lost their fathers. That is, when they attempted the new possibility of patricide consciousness, it’s hard to hide their restlessness and anxiety, and then showed their intention to do redemption for their fathers.

한국전쟁기 중국 작가들의 방북활동과 작품세계 - 조선방문 창작조(赴朝創作組)를 중심으로 -

金日山(Jin Rishan),??姬(Zheng Shunji) 한국아시아학회 2021 아시아연구 Vol.24 No.4

1950년 6월 25일에 한반도 전역에서 발발한 한국전쟁은 한국, 미국, 북한, 중국 등 20개국이 직접 참전한 국지전이다. 한국전쟁기 중국정부는 대규모의 파병과 더불어 문학예술인들을 북한 전선으로 파견하여 참전의 합리성을 선양하고 애국주의를 고취하였다. 본 연구는 한국전쟁기 중국의 문단 상황을 항미원조운동과 결합하여 살펴봄과 동시에 중국 작가들의 방북활동에서 주축을 담당한 조선방문 창작조의 두 차례 방북활동을 살펴보았다. 제1차 조선방문 창작조는 바진을 비롯한 17인이며 이중 작가는 10인으로 1952년 3월 16일부터 10월 12일까지 방북하였다. 제2차 조선방문 창작조는 바진을 비롯한 5인만 확인되었으며 이들은 1953년 8월 10일부터 1954년 1월 8일까지 방북하였다. 그리고 본 연구는 이들 작가의 산문 74편, 시 9수, 단편소설 23편, 중편소설 2편, 장편소설 2편, 미완성 장편소설 1편을 수집, 정리하였다. 본 연구는 조선방문 창작조의 본격적인 문학 연구를 위한 기초 작업이다. 조선방문 창작조 작가의 많은 작품이 1950년대 신문이나 문학잡지에 산재되어 있어 세밀한 검토와 연구가 이루어지지 못하였다. 이러한 문제점은 조선방문 창작조 문학에 대한 실증적인 연구와 함께 추후에 보완하려고 하며 주제, 문체, 구조 등에 따른 다양한 연구를 통해 항미원조문학의 전모를 면밀히 살펴보고자 한다. Twenty countries, such as South Korea, the United States, North Korea and China, were involved in the Korean war, which broke out on Korean Peninsula on June 25, 1950. During the Korean War, the Chinese government sent troops on a large scale to North Korea as well as literary and artistic figures to the front to publicize the rationality of participating in the war and advocate patriotism. Under the situation of China"s literary world during the Korean War and the movement of fighting US aggression and aiding North Korea, this paper investigates in detail the two visits to North Korea by Chinese creation group. The first visit to North Korea, lasting from March 16 to October 12, 1952, was composed of 17 persons, including 10 writers, such as Ba Jin. Because the data had not been excavated, the second visit to North Korean occurred from August 10, 1953 to January 8, 1954. It was only 5 people, including Luo Jin, who were confirmed to be members of the creation group. After the two visits, 74 essays, 9 poems, 23 short stories, 2 novellas, 2 novels and 1 unfinished novel of 9 writers were collected and sorted out. This study aims to make an tentative research on the works of the creation group to North Korea. Many of the works were scattered in newspapers or magazines in the 1950s, without detailed collection and research, and there were also lost works. It is expected that a more detailed panorama is able to be revealed by means of the empirical research on the styles and structures of works of the creation group.

서울 집중호우와 수해

Zheng,Hai-yan,Jin Ri,Kim Dong-joon,Oh,Sung-nam,Lee,Kyoo-seock 한국기상학회 2011 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10-1

중국거주 조선족 여성의 영적 안녕정도가 정신건강에 미치는 영향

정성덕,이종범,김진성,서완석,배대석,박순재,주열,염형욱,김승원,김구묘,안영록,황대홍,표미자,조창열,정태길 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2

자아초월 정신의학이 체계화되면서 영성(spirituality)은 인성의 한 부분이라는 이론이 대두되었는데 이 영성은 정신건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 했다. 인간의 성향 중 영적 안녕 정도를 파악하여 그 정도가 정신건강 중 허위성 경향, 정신병적 경향 및 불안과 우울 경향 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고저 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상은 중국의 연변 조선족 자치구에 거주하는 여성 400명을 대상으로 하여 한국판 영적 안녕척도를 사용하여 영적 안녕정도를 파악하였다. 영적 안녕척도의 총점과 이 척도의 2개 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕 척도 양자로 평가한 성적이 불안-우울통합척도와 정신분열증 척도 및 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 상관관계분석 및 회기분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 영적 안녕척도로 평가한 조선족 여성의 총점은 68.29로 한국의 기독교 여성이 평가한 100.65보다 훨씬 낮은 점수였다. 2) 불안·우울통합척도로 평가한 총점은 44.88로 연변노인이 평가한 점수와 일개지역의 한국농촌주민이 평가한 점수와 비슷한 결과였다. 3) 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적은 평균 74.57로 70점 이상이 86%(344명)이었으나 영적 안녕 성적과 허위성 성적 간에는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 4) 영적 안녕총점은 정신분열증 척도로 평가한 정신병적 경향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 종교적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 높여준데 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 낮게 해주었다. 5) 영적 안녕척도의 총점 및 두 하위척도인종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕은 불안과 우울에유의한 상관을 보였는데 영적 안녕총점이 높을수록 불안·우울 총점이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 6) 종교적 안녕 하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 종교적 안녕점수가 높을수록 불안과 우울을 각각 다소 유의하게 높여주었으며 이에 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 실존적 안녕정도가 높을수록 불안 및 우울점수는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 이와 같은 성적을 미루어볼 때 연변에 거주하는 조선족 여성이 평가한 영적 안녕정도는 정신병적 경향과 불안 및 우울에 유의한 상관을 보였으면 이 척도의 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 실존적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 긍정적 영향을 미친 결과로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 공산주의 사회에서 실존적 안녕은 긍정적인 가치관으로 평가되는 반면 종교적 안녕은 정신건강에 부정적으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주었다고 하겠다. Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.

시멘트 제조사 및 W/C 변화에 따른 콘크리트의 초기 강도발현 특성

金光華,裵正烈,김규도,이승훈,한천구 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

This study is to investigate the influence of cement manufacturing company and W/C on the properties of fresh concrete, strength of hardened concrete and rebound value of P type Schmidt hammer. According to the result, setting time of concrete is shortened with and increase of W/C, and when cement made in A and B corporation is used in concrete, the final setting time is measured at about 10 hours and 13 hours. Compressive strength increases with elapse of time and decrease of W/C, and concrete using cement made in A corporation shows higher compressive strength and rebound value until 24 hours, but from 3rd day, the contrary tendency is shown. As for the properties of early strength, the strength develop fast with decrease of W/C, and the time when compressive strength of 5MPa is gained and the form can be removed, is about 15, 18, 21 hours and 20, 22, 27 hours at the W/C 40, 45, 50% in concrete using cement made in A and B Co. respectively. The correlativity between compressive strength and the rebound value, which a coefficient of correlation is over 0.97, is very favorable. Therefore this method is effective to estimate the strength of removing the form.

지역사회거주 노인에서 한국어판 세계보건기구 장애평가조사표의 개발

윤진상,김재민,신일선,양수진,정태길,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.1

Objectives : This study aimed to develop the Korean version of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II-K) with community dwelling elderly population. Methods : The WHODAS II-K was administered to 1204 community residents aged 65 or over in two areas of Kwangju, South Korea, in 2001. For assessing 'health condition', data on physical illness, depression (Korean version of Geriatric Mental State Schedule B3), and cognitive dysfunction (Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination) were collected. For evaluating 'contextual factors', informations on demographic charactehstics (age, gender, living area, marital state, and religiou), socio-economic status (education, type of accommodation, number of room, previous occupation, and current employment), and social network were obtained. Results : WHODAS II-K showed high levels of internal consistency, split-half reliability, and inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities. In the correlation analyses, scores on the WHODAS II-K were significantly correlated with the unfavorable conditions in the all variables on health condition and contextual factors. Partial correlations of scores on the WHODAS II-K with health condition were significant even after controlling for contextual factors. Conclusion : The WHODAS II-K is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disability in elderly population since it reflects physical illness, depression, and cognitive impairment, which are common in elderly.

지역사회거주 노인에서 한국어판 세계보건기구 장애평가조사표의 개반

윤진상,김재민,신일선,양수진,정태길,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.1

배추 시스테인 단백질 분해 효소 억제 유전자 BCPI-1의 발현과 종자 발아 및 유묘 생장과의 연관성

홍준기,이은영,김정률,양경애,최영주,정우식,김호일,윤대진,이상열,조무제,임체오 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

Phytocystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases of the papain family that have been identified in both monocot and dicot plants. A cDNA encoding a phytocystatin, BCPI-1 (Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1) has been isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) flower buds. Here, we tested whether BCPI-1 transcription is regulated by hormones, and could be involved in regulating cysteine proteinases during and after germination. BCPI-1 was sensitive to exogenous GA_(3) and ABA, which are important factors controlling seed germination, suggesting that the expression of BCPI-1 is hormonally regulated. We introduced a recombinant plasmid containing the full-length BCPI-1 cDNA under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into rice embryogenic calli using the particle delivery method, and regenerated a number of transgenic rice plants. Constitutively over-expressed BCPI-1 caused changes in overall plant growth and development, including reduced germination and seedling growth. These data support the role of the BCPI-1 in the regulation of endogenous proteinases during both seed germination and subsequent seedling development. Phylocystatins은 papain계열의 cysteine 단백질 분해 효소 활성을 특이적으로 억제하는 억제자로 다양한 식물 종으로부터 분리되었다. 본고에서는, 배추 화아 cDNA library로부터 분리된 phytocystatin인 BCPI-1(Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1)의 생체 내 기능에 대해 연구하였다. 먼저, BCPI-1 전사체는 발아 조절에 중요한 영향을 미치는 GA₃와 ABA에 의해 예민하게 증가, 혹은 감소되는 반응을 보임으로써, BCPI-1이 식물 호르몬의 영향을 받으며, 특히 발아나 유묘의 생장 조절에 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Particle bombardment 방법을 통하여 BCPI-1을 벼의 배 형성 세포 내에 도입, 재분화 시켜 형질 전환 벼를 생성하였다. CaMV 35S promoter의 조절에 의해 지속적인 BCPI-1 발현을 보이는 형질 전환 벼의 경우, 발아와 유묘 생장이 현저히 지연되었다. 위의 결과들을 바탕으로, BCPI-1이 식물체 내에서 생성되는 cysteine 계열의 단밸질 분해 효소 활성을 조절하여 종자의 발아와 유묘의 생장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측한다.

알록산 투여로 유발된 실험적 당뇨병에 대한 사인추출물의 치료 효과

노혜원,이지나,구본선,조정임,박진우,김형로 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.26 No.2

연구배경:사인추출물이 알록산에 의한 당뇨 유발을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 이미 확인하였던 바 사인 추출물이 췌장 베타세포가 손상되어 유발된 당뇨병의 치료에 사용할 수 있는지의 가능성을 알아보았다. 방법:실험적 당뇨는 알록산(60㎎/㎏)을 생쥐 꼬리 정맥을 통해 주사하여 유발시켰다. 당뇨에 미치는 사인추출물의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 사인추출물의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 사인추출물(2.5㎎/생쥐)을 하루에 두 번 생쥐 복강 내로 투여하였다. 당뇨에 미치는 사인추출물의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 생쥐에 사인추출물을 처리한 다음 혈당 및 혈청 인슐린 농도 변화 및 조직학적인 소견으로 확인하였다. 결과:생쥐에 알록산을 투여하면 췌장 베타세포가 파괴되어 고혈당 및 hypoinsulinemia가 유발되었다. 사인추출물을 알록산 투여 전 2일 동안 전처리하면 알록산에 의한 고혈당이 완전히 억제되었다. 뿐만 아니라 알록산에 의해 유발된 췌장 베타세포의 손상은 사인추출물의 투여로 현저히 개선되어 혈당 및 혈청 인슐린 농도가 거의 정상 수준으로 회복되었다. 알록산을 투여한 생쥐의 췌장 소도는 정상군에 비해 수가 현저히 감소되었을 뿐 아니라 남아있는 소도의 크기도 현저히 줄어들어 있었으나, 사인추출물을 처리하면 모두 회복되어 정상군과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 결론:사인추출물은 알록산에 의해 유발되는 당뇨병을 억제하는 방어 작용 뿐만 아니라, 알록산 투여로 이미 손상된 췌장 베타세포를 개선시킬 수 있는 치료 효과작용도 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 토대로 사인의 당뇨 개선 기전을 규명하면 당뇨병 치료제로서 이용할 수 있으리라 사료된다. Background : During the screening of natural products for potential antidiabetogenic components, a strong protective effect of Amomum xanthoides extract on alloxan-induced β-cell damage and in a mice diabetic model. In this study, the therapeutic effect of Amomum xanthoides extract was investigated after induction of diabetes by alloxan. Methods : Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of alloxan(60mg/kg) to the mouse via the tail vein. To examine the effect the of Amomum xanthoides extract on diabetes, Amomum xanthoides extract (2.5mg/mouse) was admini-strated intraperitoneally. The effect of the Amomum xanthoides extract on alloxan-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the blood glucose and serum insulin level, and a histological examination. Results : Alloxan caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selectively destroying pancreatic β-cell. Pretreating the with an Amoumum xanthoides extract completely protected them from the hyperglycemia induced by alloxan. In addition, the Amomum xanthoides extract administe 3 days after the of alloxan injection significantly abolished the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia induced by alloxan. The alloxan-treated mice showed a marked change of in the pancreatic islets: the number of islets was reduced and the size of the remaining islets also decreased. However these effects of alloxan were significantly recovered by a later administration of the Amomum xanthoides extract. Conclusion : The amomum xanthoides extract contains potentially effective components, which both protect and treat alloxan-induced diabetes. The identification and action mechanism of the effective components of the Amomum xanthoides extract requires further investigation and it is suggested that the Amomum xanthoides extract be used as a therapeutic drug for diabetes(J Kor Diabetes 26:126~133, 2002).

한국어판 지역사회 치매선별 검사도구[CSID-K]의 개발

김재민,김성완,신일선,정태길,윤진상 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) is a reliable screening instrument for dementia, irrespe-ctive of educational level and cultural differences among various populations. This study aimed to develop the Korean version of CSID (CSID-K) for screening of dementia in Korean community residing old people. Methods : Study sample consisted of a dementia patient group and three control groups (depression, education, no education), each of them was composed of 30 community residing elders. CSID-K was administered, and demographic characteristic, depression, and cognitive function were investigated. Results : Split half reliability (Guttmans'), internal consistency (Cronbach's α ), and inter-rater and test-retest (two weeks) reliabilities of the CSID-K were excellent. Scores on the CSID-K were significantly correlated with other measures for cognitive function, In addition, scores on the CSID-K were significantly different between the dementia patient group and three control groups. Conclusion : CSI-K was a reliable and valid instrument to screen dementia in Korean community residing old people, It could be used not only in community settings but also in clinical settings and for cross-cultural researches.