커뮤니티공간으로서의 어린이공원 조성에 관한 연구

김연금,김성주,박환지,유다희,최성용,홍승모,Kim, Yun-Geum,Kim, Seong-Joo,Park, Hwan-Ji,Yu, Da-Hee,Choi, Sung-Young,Hong, Seung-Mo 한국조경학회 2008 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.35 No.6

This study deals with the participatory design process of renovating a children's park. The process should proceed with two major elements. Firstly, the children's park should be designed from the perspective of children. Secondly, it should be designed in consideration of the context of the community. This study is divided into two parts. First is the review of theory concerning the meaning and roles of the children's park as a community space, the importance of children's participation in the design and the participatory method of the children. The second is the case study. The site for the case study is Ssial Park in Nowon-Gu, Seoul. The entire process of the case study is with community participation, from identifying the park's problems to the actual construction. At every step, through the participatory programs, the community participates in the decision making. In addition, mutual understanding among participants is pursued through diverse means of communication. The following results of the case study were found. Firstly, diverse participatory programs and the active trial to enable the community to communicate contribute to the sense of ownership and responsibility concerning the park Secondly, the community can negotiate the differences in opinions without needing the help of experts. Of course, there are limits in the case study, such as the fact that the community organization, which is the core of communication and maintenance concerning the park, is not organized through the process of a case study. Another is that more diverse methods, which inform all community members of the participatory process, should have been used.

균류 분화과정의 유전적 조절기작

박범찬,이환희,박윤희,박희문 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2003 생물공학연구지 Vol.9 No.1

Fungi are well suited for studying mechanism controlling development and cell differentiation in multicellular eukaryotes. The asexual and sexual reproductive cycles are tightly coordinated during the life cycle of Aspergillus nidulans. The asexual (mitotic) reproductive cycle involves the formation of a number of differentiated cell types. Successful formation of multicellular reproductive structures and spores (conidia) requires the establishment of spatiotemporal gradients in essential transcriptional regulators, such as brlA, abaA and wetA. Altered gene expression is coordinated with critical changes in the movement of nuclei and the regulation of the cell division cycle. Therefore, it has been proposed to define a central regulatory pathway. Several early regulatory genes involved in signal transduction pathway controlling asexual sporulation are also required for activating the central pathway. Sexual (meiotic) reproduction is more complex, requiring the differentiation of several specialized tissue types. Although technical difficulties have limited efforts to study the genetics of sexual fruiting-body formation directly, some recent progress has been made. With the recent availability of mutants blocked in sexual development, understanding the genetic interactions between genes that function primarily in determining sexual sporulation will be achieved in the near future.

Elevated TRAF2/6 expression in Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of Parkin E3 ligase activity.

Chung, Ji-Yun,Park, Hee Ra,Lee, Su-Jin,Lee, Sun-Hye,Kim, Jin Sik,Jung, Youn-Sang,Hwang, Sang Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Seol, Won-Gi,Lee, Jaewon,Park, Bum-Joon United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2013 Laboratory investigation Vol.93 No.6

<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease, and is known to be induced by environmental factors or genetic mutations. Among the verified genetic mutations of PD, Parkin, isolated from the PARK2 locus, shows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is known to be an E3 ligase. However, the physiological target of Parkin and the molecular mechanism of Parkin-deficiency-induced PD have not been clearly demonstrated until now. It has recently been proposed that inflammation, suggesting as a causal factor for PD, is enhanced by Parkin deficiency. Thus, we examined the relationship between inflammation-related factors and Parkin. Here, we provide the evidence that Parkin suppresses inflammation and cytokine-induced cell death by promoting the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2/6 (TNF-α receptor-associated factor 2/6). Overexpression of Parkin can reduce the half-lives of TRAF2 and TRAF6, whereas si-Parkin can extend them. However, mutant Parkins did not alter the expression of TRAF2/6. Thus, loss of Parkin enhances sensitivity to TNF-α- or IL-1β-induced JNK activation and NF-κB activation. Indeed, si-Parkin-induced apoptosis is suppressed by the knockdown of TRAF6 or TRAF2. We also observed elevated expression levels of TRAF6 and a reduction of IκB in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mouse model. Moreover, elevated expression levels or aggregation of TRAF6 were detected in approximately half of the human PD tissues (7/15 cases) and 2 cases, respectively. In addition, TRAF6 and Parkin expression levels show a reverse relationship in human PD tissues. Our results strongly suggest that the reduction of Parkin or overexpression of TRAF2/6 by chronic inflammation would be the reason for occurrence of PD.</P>

프리미돈의 한국인에서의 생체이용율시험

권광일,윤민혁,윤희열,박희찬,권준택,심희옥,김동출 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2004 藥學論文集 Vol.19 No.-

A reversed phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of primidone in human plasma. Propylthiouracil was used as an internal standard. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 10-120 ng/㎖. The coefficient of variation of the intra- and inter-day precision were below 15%. The coefficient of variation of the accuracy were below 15% in the concentration range investigated. A bioavailability study was performed using the validated HPLC method. Twenty four healthy human male volunteers were orally administered 20 mg of primidone. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNonlin. The mean values of AUC_(LAST) was 85.0±17.7 ㎍ hr/㎖, C_(max) was 4.22±1.04 ㎍/㎖, T_(max) was 1.85±1.13 hr, t_(1/2) was 17.7±2.4 hr. The pharmacokinetic parameters and the HPLC method can be used for the desigm of bioequivalence study of primidone.

젓갈 및 키토산을 첨가한 양파 김치의 이화학적 특성

박복희,조희숙,오봉윤 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Jeot-kal and chitosan on the physicochemical characteristics and hardness during onion Kimchi fermentation. The onion Kimchi was stored at 4±1℃, for 42 days. The study results were as follows. The pH of control onion Kimchi and the experimental groups was in the range 5.30~5.80. The pH of the experimental groups slowly decreased during the fermentation. The total acidity of the four kinds of onion Kimchi was increased. The reducing sugar content was maximized at 4 days of fermentation, after which it decreased gradually as the fermentation processed. The ascorbic acid content of control onion Kimchi and the experimental groups was increased rapidly at 21 days and then decreased. The hardness of onion Kimchi measured instrumentally was higher in onion Kimchi treated with the salt-fermented Toha jeot juice than in control onion Kimchi.

퀴니딘 정제의 건강한 한국인에 대한 약물동태

박희찬,윤민혁,김동출,권준택,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2004 藥學論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study was to estimate the pharmacokinetics of quinidine sulfate in healthy Korean The parameters were examined on 16 volunteers who received a oral single dose(200mg quinidine sulfate). After dosing. blood samples were collected for a period of 24 hours. Plasma samples were analyzed for quinidine sulfate and DL-propranolol hydrochloride(internal standard) by HPLC/UV. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_(0-24hr), AUC_(inf). C_(max), T_(max), K_(a), K_(el), t_(1/2), Vd/F and Cl/F) were calculated from the plasma quinidine sulfate concentration-time data of each volunteer. The computer program "WinNonlin" was used for compartmental analysis. One compartment model with first order input, first order output was chosen as the appropriate pharmacokinetic model. The pharmacokinetic parameters(AUC_(0-24hr). AUC_(inf). C_(max), T_(max), K_(a), K_(el), T_(1/2), Vd/F and Cl/F) calculated 9.47±2.24 ㎍·hr·㎖^(-1), 10.95±2.62 ㎍·hr·㎖^(-1), 0.93±0.16 ㎍/㎖, 1.56±0.45 hr, 1.10±0.36 hr^(-1), 5.17+0.90 hr, 162.38±33.36 L and 22.27±5.35 L/hr, respectively.

남부 중간지 자운영재배답에서 벼재배시 논 유형에 따른 질소시비량 구명

윤봉기,김병호,김희권,이인,최형국,박인진 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

중간지의 보통답과 사질답에서 녹비작물인 자운영을 재배한 논에 벼를 재배할 때 답 유형에 따른 질소비료 시용량을 구명하고자 전남 구례의 보통답과 사질답에서 관행, 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%, 자운영+무질소의 5처리로 2000년부터 2년동안 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 44.1∼44.2㎝, 생초중 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1이였으며 무기성분 함량은 T-N 2.46∼2.68%, P_2O_5 0.56∼0.60%, K_2O 2.05∼2.18%였다. 사질답에 비하여 보통답에서 자운영의 생초중이 많았다. 2. 토양중 NH_4-N함량의 경시적 변화는 이앙 후 7일에 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1으로 가장 높았으며 이앙후 70일에 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1으로 점차 감소하였는데 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%시용구에서 높았다. 3. 벼 수확기의 간장 76∼85㎝, 수장 17.9∼19.2㎝로 사질답이 보통답에 비하여 간장, 수장이 컸다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 21.5∼24.4g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎ ㎏^-1으로 자운영처리구에서 OM, CEC함량이 증가하였다. 5. 벼의 수량은 관행(보통답 5.03Mg ㏊^-1, 사질답 5.18Mg ㏊^-1)에 비하여 보통답의 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 5, 4%증수되었고, 사질답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 7, 4%증수되었다. 6. 남부 중간지에서 자운영을 재배하여 생초 20Mg ㏊^-1를 녹비로 투입하면 벼를 재배시 질소 시용 적정량은 보통답, 사질답 모두 관행 시비량의 50%이였다. This study was conducted to find out fertilizer recommendation rates for rice at a normal and sandy paddy field after planting milk vetch(MV) in Guryae which lies to southern medium altitude region from 100m to 250m above sea level from 2000 to 2001. The amount of N fertilizer were 110(normal paddy) and 130(sandy paddy) ㎏ ㏊^-1 at control and 0, 30, 50, 70% of the control. At flowering stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, P_2O_5, K_2O in plant were 2.46∼2.68%, 0.56∼0.60%, 2.05∼2.18%, respectively. Plant height were 44.1∼44.2㎝. Fresh weight were 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1. Fresh weight of milk vetch cultivated in normal paddy field was more than that in sandy paddy field. The content of NH_4-N in soil was 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1 at 7 days after planting and 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1 at 70 days after planting. Content of NH_4-N in soil was increased at the treatments of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control. Culm length was 76∼85㎝, panicle length was 17.9∼19.1㎝ at harvesting stage. Culm length and panicle length at sandy paddy field were longer than those of normal paddy field. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 15.6∼21.5g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎㎏^-1, respectively. The content of OM, CEC in soil applied milk vetch at normal paddy field was higher than those of the control, and the content of CEC in soil applied milk vetch at sandy paddy field was higher than that of the control. When milk vetch was cut at flowing stage, rice yield of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control plot were increased 5, 4% more than that of control(5.03Mg ㏊^-1) at normal paddy field. Rice yield vetch+N 70, 50 of control were increased 7, 4% more than that of control(5.18Mg ㏊^-1) at sandy paddy field. Nitrogen application rate of normal and sandy paddy field was 50% of conventional fertilization rate when 20Mg ㏊^-1 milk vetch cultivated paddy field was inputed for rice culture in the southern medium altitude.

노인요양시설 운영방안에 관한 연구

박연희 원광대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

노인은 장기적인 진료가 필요하며 노인보건문제의 해결방법은 건강증진, 치료, 재활 등 다양한 수준에서의 돌봄의 기능이 포함되어야 한다. 이러한 다양한 수준에서 노인을 돌보는 대표적인 곳으로 노인요양시설이 있다. 현대 사회는 노인부양이 더 이상 가족의 부양기능만으로는 해결되기 어려운 문제가 되고 있다. 그러므로 노인의 건강상태가 수발 및 간호 또는 전문적인 의료서비스를 지속적으로 필요로 하게 되는 시점에서 요양서비스의 제공과 보호를 위한 시설보호 서비스의 제공이 필요하다. 노인시설의 필요성과 수요가 증가하고 있는 이 시점에서 노인시설이라는 공동체는 노인 부양의 공간으로서 역할을 할 것이며 노인복지 시설은 서비스를 효과적으로 제공하여 입소노인의 생활만족도를 높이는데 노력해야 한다. 노령화 사회에 적응하기 위해서 운영되고 있는 노인요양 시설의 운영과정에서 고려해야 할 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대부분의 노인들은 평소 단독주택에서 살기를 선호하는 특성을 보이기 때문에 집단형 중심에서 단독형 중심으로 시설을 운영하는 것이 필요하다. 즉, 유료시설의 개발을 정책적으로 적극 추진하되, 시설 내 각 세대별로 노인에게 단독적으로 소유권을 인정하는 방안을 고려해야 한다. 둘째, 노인들의 사회활동 참여 욕구를 충족시키고 여가를 보람있게 하기 위해 노인시설에 여가시설을 설치·운영하는 것이 필요하며, 건강·복지상담, 취업안내, 건강보험, 연근 등 각종 유용한 정보를 적극적으로 제공하여야 한다. 셋째, 노인요양시설의 수가 종류별로 절대적으로 부족하다는 점을 고려하여 다양한 형태의 시설이 제공되어야 한다. 그동안 비영리 사회복지법인에 의하여 운영되어 왔지만 향후 민간기업체 및 개인이 참여할 수 있도록 관련 법규개정이 고려되어야 할 것이다. 넷째, 향후 노령화 상회를 대비하여 관련시설 전문인력 배출을 고려해야 한다. 노인요양시설 담당인력은 노인전문 인력으로 노인과 관련된 제반의 지식과 보건의료에 대한 기본 지식을 갖추어야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 노인이 되면 누구나 질병에 걸려 있거나 심신기능이 저하하게 되는 데에서 오는 건강 취약성을 스스로 갖게 마련이다. 따라서 이런 점을 고려하여 요양시설은 지역병원과 연계하는 방안을 고려해야 할 것이다.

니켈 촉매를 이용한 탄소-탄소 결합반응

윤희성,박광용 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1997 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.6 No.2

탄소와 탄소를 결합시키는 반응은 유기합성에서 매우 중요한 도구중의 하나이다. Alkyl metal reagents와 aryl halides간의 cross-coupling reactions 에는 nickel 또는 palladium complexes가 촉매로서 효과적으로 사용되고 있다. 특히 primary alkyl Grignard reagents와 aryl halides간의 반응인 경우에는 NiCl 탄소와 탄소를 결합시키는 반응은 유기합성에서 매우 중요한 도구중의 하나이다. Alkyl metal reagents와 aryl halides간의 corss-coupling reactions 에는 nickel 또는 palladium complexes가 촉매로서 효과적으로 사용되고 있다. 특히 primary alkyl Grignard reagents와 aryl halides간의 반응인 경우에는 NiCl₂L₂ 형태의 촉매에 의해 가장 능률적으로 반응이 진행되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 alkyl metal reagents로서 neopentyl Grignard reagents를 사용하여 다양한 aryl halides와의 cross-coupling reaction을조사하였다. 반응의 촉매로서는 (dppf)NiCl₂가 사용되었다. Neopentyl group은 primary alkyl 형태로서 일반적으로 반응성이 적고, 구조적으로 steric hinderance의 영향 때문에 탄소-탄소 결합 형성이 어렵다고 알려진 구조이다. 본 연구에서는 두 종류의 neopentyl Grignard reagents와 네 가지의 aryl halides의 조합으로 부터 모두 8 종류의 생성물들을 우수한 수율로 얻을 수 있었으며, 이 생성물들을 GC-Mass를 이용하여 분석하였다. Carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions is one of the most useful tools in the area of organic synthesis. Cross-coupling reactions of alkyl metal reagents with aryl halides are effectively catalyzed by nickel or palladium complexes. It is especially well known that primary alkyl Grignard reagents couple with aryl halides most efficiently in the presence of NiCl₂L₂ as catalyst. The cross-coupling reactions of neopentyl Grignard reagents, which were used as alkyl metal reagents, with various aryl halides were investigated in this research. (dppf)NiCl₂ was utilized as the catalyst for these coupling reactions. Neopentyl group which is the primary alkyl group has been reported as the structure with the poor reactivity in most cases and the difficulty forming carbon-carbon coupling due to steric hinderance. From the combination of two neopentyl Grignard reagents and four aryl halides, eight cross-coupling products were prepared in good yields and analyzed by GC-Mass.

반복적 경두부 자기자극이 운동학습과 뇌 운동영역 활성화에 미치는 영향 : 예비연구

박지원,김종만,김연희 한국전문물리치료학회 2003 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.10 No.3