The Development Trend of Tea Industry in China

Yue-Rong Liang 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

China is the largest producer and consumer of tea in the world. Tea field area and tea production in China were developed from 169.53 thousand hectares and 6220.0 tons in 1950 to 2579.3 thousand hectares and 1890.0 tons in 2013 respectively. The developments of various teas differentiated in the recent years. The production of white tea, black tea and dark tea increased more quickly than green tea and oolong tea. The development of China tea industry shows the trends: 1) continuous rise in production volume; 2) tea production shifting from eastern China to southwest China; 3) the market demand of tea products being diversified; 4) famous tea being major contributor to the output value of China tea industry; 5) comprehensive utilization of tea resources making great progress.

Effects of Green Tea on Blood Pressure and Hypertension-induced Cardiovascular Damage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Yue-Rong Liang,Shi-Cheng Ma,Xin-Qiang Zheng,Jing-Yi Xu,Ming-Yan Wu,Yi-Wen Luo,Xian-Yang Luo,Jian-Liang Lu 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.1

Three groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats were administered by gavage with distilled water (control group), low-dose green tea (LGT, 0.2 g/kg BW·day) and high-dose green tea (HGT, 1.0 g/kg BW·day) for 4 weeks,during which systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly by non-invasive tail-cuff method. At the end of experiment, left ventricular hypertrophy index (LHVI) and plasma biochemical indicators were determined, and ultrastructures of myocardium and aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that green tea gavage suppressed the increase in SBP, along with decline in levels of plasma nitric oxide, aldosterone, malondialdehyde, and LHVI, but increased levels of plasma creatinine, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and glutathione peroxidase in a dose dependant manner. Green tea had no effect on plasma total cholesterol. TEM shows that green tea gavage protected mitochondria of left ventricular myocardium and aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from damage.

Rice Husk as a Food Carrier Forselective Enrichment of Tea Catechins

Meng Shi,Long-Yue Huang,Rong-Rong Han,Qiao Lin, Jian-Hui Ye,Yue-Rong Liang,Jian-Hui Ye 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

The potentials of rice husk, oat bran and soya milk cake as food carriers for tea catechins(TC) were studied. Adsorption properties, contact time and temperature effects and the concentration of tea catechins, as well as digestive stability were investigated in this paper. The result showed that the adsorption capacity of rice husk for tea catechins was 32.04 mgg-1 which was 28.1 % and 17.7 % higher than those of oat bran and soya milk cake and no obvious adsorbability to caffeine was observed for these materials. The selectivity coefficient K of EGCg to TC for rice husk was 4.44 in comparison with 1.87 and 1.96 of oat husk and soya milk cake. This guarantees rice husk a selective food carrier to tea catechins with enrichment of EGCg. Also, 20 min contact time and tea extract concentration above 1.75 g L-1 are recommended in order to obtain a high loading amount of tea catechins onto rice husk, and low temperature is favorable for the adsorption processof tea catechins onto rice husk. Digestive study showed that combination of tea catechins with rice husk was propitious to increase the digestive stability of tea catechins in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Thus, rice husk is a promising food carrier for tea catechins. Further studies would be focusing on the identification and separation of the functional constituent of rice husk and its interaction mechanism with tea catechins.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Lipophillic Pigments of Fresh Green Tea Liquor

Jian-Liang Lu,Zhan-Bo Dong,Shun-Shun Pan,Chen Lin,Xin-Qiang Zheng,Borthakur Devajit,Yue-Rong Liang 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.3

Changes in lipophillic pigments concentration and its relation to color of fresh green tea liquor during heat treatment were studied. The results showed liquor greenness decreased markedly with extension of incubation time at 55℃, while the brightness and yellowness changed a little. Significant increase in ‘a’ and ‘b’ values of tea liquor was observed at 95℃. Color change of liquor at 55℃ was accompanied by a decrease in the level of chlorophylls, lutein and neoxanthin, and an increase in the pheophytins and β-carotene levels. However, all pigments except β-carotene decreased with time extension at 95℃. Significant correlation was found between pigments and color difference index. The browning of fresh green tea liquor was attributed to vicissitudes of lipophillic pigments during heat treatment, especially to the change of chlorophylls/pheophytins ratio. Result also showed addition of Zn²? at 1.6 μ㏖/ℓ could partially alleviate the decrease in greenness during heat treatment.

Topological non-Fermi liquid

Cai, Rong-Gen,Qi, Yong-Hui,Wu, Yue-Liang,Zhang, Yun-Long American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.95 No.12

<P>The (2 + 1)-dimensional non-Fermi liquid (NFL) has a dual description in the (3 + 1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. We begin with a dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) black brane background, and consider the bulk Dirac fermion field coupled with the background U(1) gauge field, as well an intrinsic axial gauge field which is induced by chiral anomaly. The axial gauge field is effectively induced from the topological term in the bulk, which would lead to nontrivial effects on the boundary NFL. We study these effects through calculating the retarded Green's functions of the dual NFL holographically, in both analytical and numerical approaches. We also obtain correlation functions in the low frequency limit at zero and finite temperatures, as well as the dispersion spectrum of the Dirac cones, Fermi arc of the surface states, which can be related with the experiment.</P>

Investigation of Microstructural Evolution and Electrical Properties for Ni-Sn Transient Liquid-Phase Sintering Bonding

Hong-Liang Feng,Ji-Hua Huang,Jian Yang,Shao-Kun Zhou,Rong Zhang,Yue Wang,Shu-Hai Chen 대한금속·재료학회 2017 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.13 No.6

Ni/Ni-Sn/Ni sandwiched simulated package structures weresuccessfully bonded under low temperature and low pressure byNi-Sn transient liquid-phase sintering bonding. The results showthat, after isothermally holding for 240 min at 300 °C and 180 minat 340 °C, Sn was completely transformed into Ni3Sn4 intermetalliccompounds. When the Ni3Sn4 phases around Ni particles werepressed together, the porosity of the bonding layer increased, whichobviously differed from the normal sintering densification process. With further analysis of this phenomenon, it was found that largevolume shrinkage (14.94% at 340 °C) occurred when Ni reactedwith Sn to form Ni3Sn4, which caused void formation. Amechanistic model of the microstructural evolution in the bondinglayer was proposed. Meanwhile, the resistivity of the bonding layerwas measured and analyzed by using the four-probe method; themicrostructural evolution was well reflected by the resistivity ofthe bonding layer. The relationship between the resistivity andmicrostructure was also discussed in detail.

The Effect of Herb-Partition Moxibustion on Toll-like Receptor 4 in Rabbit Aorta during Atherosclerosis

Zeng-Hui Yue,Xin-Qun He,Xiao-Rong Chang,Jian-Ling Yuan,Bao-Sheng Yu,Mi Liu,Ling Fu,Liang Zhang,Li-Chao Shang 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.2

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Toll-like receptor (TLR4) inhibition in the delay of formation of atherosclerosis by herb-partition moxibustion. Method: Seventy-five rabbits were randomly assigned to one of five groups: blank, atherosclerosis (AS) model, direct moxibustion, herb-partition moxibustion, and drug treatment. With the exception of the blank group, all rabbits were given a high-fat diet in addition to immunologic injury to create the AS model. The experiments were carried out for 16 weeks, at which time the aorta was removed from each rabbit. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the gray level of the aortic TLR4 to observe the immunologic competence of its antigens. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of TLR4 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the aorta. Results: The gray-scale value of TLR4 and the TLR4 mRNA expression significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the direct moxibustion, herb-partition moxibustion, and drug treatment groups. Furthermore, the effects of the herb-partition moxibustion and drug treatment were superior to those of the direct moxibustion. Conclusion: Herb-partition moxibustion inhibits aortic TLR4 activity and mRNA expression,showing that herb-partition moxibustion delays the formation of atherosclerosis through the inhibition of TLR4 expression.

Structural and optical investigation of GaN grown by metal-organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Xiao-Yong Gao,Liang-Yao Chen,Jing Li,Peng Zhou,Rong-Jun Zhang,Song-You Wang,Yue-Mei Yang,Yu-Xiang Zheng 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.32

Structural and optical properties of GaN grown on (0001)-oriented sapphire substrates by low pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition were investigated by XRD, ellipsometry, PL and other optical methods. The thickness of the GaN sample was about 1.5 m. Seen by XRD, the existence of the strong (0002) diraction peak with a very narrow FWHM value of 0.1 and the high order GaN (0004) diraction peak conrms a good quality of the GaN lms grown on sapphire substrate by using a multi-step growth procedure. Optical transparency of the GaN samples induces strong interference oscillations below E0 (3.44eV) in the measured dielectric function spectra and re ective spectra. In low temperature PL spectra, the red shift of the peak and decreased intensity of PL are visible. The former can be attributed to the involvement of band tail states, and the latter can be accounted for by the decreasing non-radiative recombination lifetime.

Application of Bacteriostatic Agents in Tea Transgene

Ya-Ping Yang,Yue-Rong Liang,Xin-Qiang Zheng 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

Agrobacteria, generally existing in the soil, is a kind of gram-negative bacteria, including Agrobacterium tumefaciems and Agrobaterium rhizogenes. It is necessary to use bacteriostatic agents to eliminate the Agrobacterium after co-cultivation in Agrobacterium-mediated method. Bacteriostatic agents probably changed the composition of culture media and affecte the regeneration of the tissues, which would reduce transformation efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to choose suitable antibiotics. This paper reviewed the application of bacteriostatic agents in plants genetic transformation to provide a reference for tea transgene. Timentin might be an alternative antibiotic in plant transformation, especially for tea.

A review on Fluorides Uptake Characters of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

Qing-Sheng Li,Yue-Rong Liang 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

Tea plants accumulate large amounts of fluoride while the mechanism of F uptake by tea plants is still unclear. The objectives of this study are, therefore, to summarize recent researches about F uptake characters of tea plants especially pH, Al, Ca, anion channel blockers and metabolism inhibitors influences. Al facilitating F uptake by tea plants might have occurred mainly in the processes of uptake and been less likely during the translocation from roots to shoots. And it was convinced that the concentration of F in tealeaves reached maximum, when soil pH came to 5.5. Meanwhile Ca was important for the stabilization of plant cell walls and membranes. Reasonably, the reduced F uptake by tea plants was possibly related to a decreased passage of F as the properties of the cell wall or membrane permeability were altered considerably by Ca addition. Also the uptake of F by roots of accumulator tea plants was likely an active process and energy dependent and probably through a kind of anion transport system.