정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Clinical Significance of Classification of Graves` Disease According to the Characteristics of TSH receptor Antibodies

(Won Bae Kim),(Hyun Kyung Chung),(Young Joo Park),(Do Joon Park),(Hong Kyu Lee),(Bo Youn Cho) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background:It has been widely accepted that the epitope (s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves` patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluatedyet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves` disease. Methods:We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1+2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves` disease. Results: Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n=41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n=16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n=19) patients had low TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n=30) could be categorized as `mild disease` group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antim icrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n=14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope (s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n=10) patients had veryhigh TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n=6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p<0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50%vs.27.5%,p=0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. Conclusion:These results suggest that the differences inepitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves` disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clearyet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves` disease.

자색고구마가 사염화탄소 투여에 의한 흰쥐의 간손상 보호에 미치는 영향

조영자,김현아,방미애,오용비,정병춘,문윤호,정우진 한국식생활문화학회 2003 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary purple sweet potato(lpomoea batatas) powder on serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and pretective effect on hepatotoxicity rats induced by carbon tetrachlolide. Four groups of rats (3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(C)_(1) induced hepatotoxicity rats fed control diet(EC)_(1) normal rats fed purple sweet potato diet(P), and induced hepatotoxicity rats fed purple potato sweet diet(EP). Rats were induced by single injection of 50% carbon tetrachloide(0.1 mL/100 g B.W., i.p.). The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks the rats were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver homogenates. But serum concentrations of lipid was not significant in all groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT/GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase(ALT/GPT)of the EC and EP groups were heigher than the C and P groups. The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G9Pase) activity of the group fed purple potato diet(P) was lower than the other groups(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities was not statistically different between the groups. Renal glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity of the EC and EP groups were lower than the C and P groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that purple sweet potato is believed to be possible protective effect on hepatotoxicity rats induced by carbon tetrachlolide.

발달지체 영아 조기개입의 시행 현황과 어려움 및 지원요구 : 5개 기관 유형 특수교사 면담을 중심으로

조윤경,김수진,송영희 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2017 특수교육 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the present implementation status, difficulties and support needs of early intervention for developmental delayed infants and toddlers by special educators' individual interviewing. Method: A total of five special educators who were working at five different types of early intervention institutions were interviewed. The results of the interviews were recorded for transcription and analysed using a consensual qualitative analysis method. Results: The results of the analysis revealed 12 themes and 55 sub-themes under three categories. Special educators replied that the diagnosis period was getting earlier, the number of developmental delayed infants and toddlers were increasing, and the contents and strategies of early intervention varied by types of facilities. The difficulties of functional assessment, IFSP implementation practices, family-centered approach, parents’ emotional problem and lack of parenting-role recognition, education opportunities of interventionist, multidisciplinary collaboration etc. were reported. Conclusion: This study suggested five desirable directions in establishing the implication frame of early intervention for special educators. 연구목적 : 본 연구는 발달지체 영아 조기개입 주요 제공자인 특수교사와의 면담을 통해 발달지체 영아 조기개입 시행 관련 현황과 어려움 및 지원요구를 찾아내고 이에 대한 해결방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 발달지체 영아 조기개입 제공기관을 5개 유형으로 분류하고, 각 기관마다 특수교사 1명을 연구참여자로 선정하여 총 5명의 특수교사와 개별면담을 실시하였고, 면담 내용은 질적 분석을 통해 3개의 범주 하에 총 12개의 주제와 55개 하위주제가 도출되었다. 연구결과 : 면담 내용 분석 결과, 첫째, 특수교사는 조기개입 대상 영아의 진단시기가 빨라지고, 그 수가 증가하고 있으며 조기개입의 내용과 방법은 각 기관유형별로 조금씩 다르게 진행되고 있다고 응답하였다. 특수교사는 가족기능 진단의 어려움, IFSP 실행지침의 부재, 가족중심 접근의 부족, 팀협력 체계 부족, 부모의 심리적 불안, 부모역할인식의 부족, IFSP 실행을 위한 전문지식과 사전교육의 부족, 제공인력의 부족, 다영역 전문가와의 협력의 부족 등을 조기개입에서의 주요 어려움으로 보고하였다. 셋째, 조기개입을 위해 부모심리정서지원, 가정 내 양육기술지원, 제공기관 확대, 제공자의 부모 지원 역량 강화, 현직연수, 조기개입 실행지침 제공, 다영역 전문가 배치, 가족중심 강화 등을 요구하였다. 결론 : 이러한 결과를 토대로 특수교사가 발달지체 영아 조기개입의 효과적 수행하기 위해 시급히 실현되어야 하는 주요 다섯 가지 주제를 중심으로 논의하였다.

브라켓 부착 시 실런트 레진이 법랑질 탈회에 미치는 영향

윤영아,조진형,이기헌 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구는 교정용 브라켓 부착 시 사용되는 접착제 중 two paste type 의 실런트 레진 적용이 법랑질 탈회에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 건전한 표면을 가진 발치된 소의 상악절치 48개를 실험재료로 하여 법랑질 처리 방법에 따라 4개 군으로 분류하고 각 군을 Phase Ⅱ^(?) (Reliance, Itasca, Ⅲ) 를 이용하여 치면처리 하였다. 대조군으로서 아무런 처리를 하지 않은 Group 1, 37% 인산으로 39초간 산부식을 시행한 Group 2, 산부식 후 실런트 A와 B를 동량으로 혼합하여 도포한 Group 3과 산부식 후 실런트를 도포하고 레진 페이스트 A와 B를 동량으로 혼합하여 도포한 Group 4로 분류하여 각 군을 인공탈회용액에서 탈회시킨 다음 공초점 레이저 주사현미경을 이용하여 각각의 탈회된 깊이를 측정한 후 비교한 결과, 탈회된 법랑질의 평균 깊이는 47.4 ㎛ (Group 1), 61.8 ㎛ (Group 2), 13.9 ㎛ (Group 3), 8.2 ㎛ (Group 4) 로 나타났다. 산부식 후 인공탈회용액에 노출되는 군(Group 2)은 산부식 없이 노출되는 군 (Group 1) 에 비해 탈회된 깊이가 더 깊은 것으로 나타났으며 (p <0.55), 실런트 레진을 도포한 군 (Group 3) 은 산부식 없이 노출되는 군 (Group 1) 이나 산부식 후 노출되는 군 (Group 2) 에 비해 탈회된 법랑질 깊이가 유의성 있게 감소하였다 (p <0.55). 접착레진으로 부착된 군 (Group 4) 은 법랑질 탈회가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과는 교정지료 시 법랑질 탈회 가능성을 줄이기 위해서 브라켓 부착 시 실런트 레진의 도포가 유용함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sealant resin on enamel demineralization in orthodontic bracket bonding. The forty eight extracted sound bovine teeth were subdivided into four groups and treated with Phase Ⅱ^(?) (Reliance, Itasca, Ⅲ) on the surface. Group 1 was not treated. Group 2 was acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds. Group 3 was applied with sealant after acid etching. Group 4 was applied with resin paste after acid etching and sealant application. Each group was demineralized in artificial caries solution. Demineralized enamel depth was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results were as follows: the mean demineralized enamel depth was 47.4 ㎛ (Group 1), 61.8 ㎛ (Group 2), 13.9 ㎛ (Group 3), 8.2 ㎛ (Group 4) the demineralized enamel depth was increased in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05) the demineralized enamel depth was reduced in Group 3 than in Group1 and Group 2 with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and demineralization in Group 4 was very little. The results of the present study indicate that sealant application is useful for reducing enamel demineralization in orthodontic bracket bonding.

FAN용 외전형 BLDC전동기 설계 및 특성해석

윤선기,박영일,이광호,조윤현 東亞大學校 1999 東亞論叢 Vol.36 No.-

Permanent magnet brushless motors are increasingly being used in high performance applications. The advantage of using a BLDC motor is that is can be controlled to have the speed-torque characteristics similar to that of a permanent magnet DC motor. In addition, the BLDC motor has low ineria, large power to volume ratio, and low noise as compared with the permanent magnet DC servo motor having the same output rating. This paper is proposed the design method of Outer Roter BLDC for a blower fan by the magnetic equivalent method. In order to compute and estimate the performance parameter of Outer type BLDC, the dynamic model and charateristics analysis of BLDC is simulated by Matlab.

슬관절 골관절염 환자에서 근육내 자극요법의 치료 효과

박영규,우종웅,안승렬,김정아,윤도경,박승회,조경환,홍명호 대한노인병학회 2001 대한노인병학회지 Vol.5 No.4

회전자 자속 기준제어를 위한 유도전동기 회전자 자속추정

정삼용,최연옥,조금배 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2000 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.3 No.1

In this paper, authors propose a new nonlinear rotor flux observer for rotor field oriented control of an induction motor which is designed based on theory of the extended Luenberger observer(ELO), one of a nonlinear state observer. The proposed rotor flux observer is derived from the 2 phase model of induction motor by the theory of ELO The simulation results taken under the varying condition of rotor resistance and load torque show fast convergence of estimated rotor flux and high performance of IM drive system is acheived 표 experiment.

CPPU유도 참다래 단위결과 과실의 특성

조윤섭,조혜성,박문영,박재옥,박태동,김월수 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-

This study was designed to find out an alternative to artificial pollination in kiwifruit production. The parthenocarpic kiwifruits induced by (N-2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenyl urea (CPPU) treatment tended to be less attractive due to deep furrowing and excessive outgrowth of stigma in mature fruits. Especially, on flower buds after CPPU spray, severe fruit-drop was induced. It was considered enough to spray CPPU at more than 4ppm to attain sufficient fruit set but needed to spray CPPU at more than 16ppm to attain marketable fruit size. When CPPU at 16ppm was sprayed to the same flower once, twice or three time, the fruits received CPPU treatment more time was larger but less attractive. Application of CPPU mare than at 16ppm seemed to be necessary to produce fruits heavier than 80 gr. Enlargement of the fruits received CPPU treatment mainly occurred cross wisely and vertical development was not affected and thickening of outer pericarp primarily contributed to the fruit enlargement. Difference in flesh color or contents of vitamin C and sugars between control fruits and CPPU-treated fruits was not noticed. In conclusion, CPPU treatment to induce parthenocarpic kiwifruits could be commercially applicable, only the method for improving fruit appearance is worked out.

분자내 Mannich 반응을 이용한 anatoxin a의 합성 연구

서영거,최영기,류재상,조윤상 서울대학교 1995 藥學論文集 Vol.20 No.-