실험적 진폐증에서 투여약제에 따른 면역학적 병리학적 조직변화

윤임중,임현우,노영만,오상용,정장영,임영,김경아 가톨릭 대학 산업의학 쎈타 산업의학연구소 1993 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.32 No.2

To access the effects of some drugs such as piperazine phosphare, azathioprine and allopurinol in the experimental pneumoconiosis, 263 rats weighted 240-320 gm was divided into the control and eight experimental groups. To each group, the turbid solution mixed free silica, talc and natural coal dust of 50 mg in 0.8 ml saline were instilled intratracheally. At the begining and 5th week of experiment, piperazine phosphate(8mg/week orally), aspirin(1.5mg/day intramuscularly), azathioprine(25mg/day orally) and allopurinol(1.5mg/day orally) were administered simultaneously, while the dust turbid solution was only given to the control group. For each group the change of body weight. dry right lung weight, cellularity including total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte and neurtrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, superoxide ion, hydroxyproline, leukotriene B₄, tumor necrotsis factor, prostaglandin E₂were examined, and observed the pathological chages in lung tissue. The results were as follow : 1. The larger amount of their instilled dust and the longer observation period, the severer pathological findings were found in the lung tissue of each experimental group. 2. The body and dry right lung wight was not significantly changed in the experimental groups compared with the control group. 3. The number of total cell in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly less in the experimental group than the control one, while no significant difference was found in the percent alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in both groups. However, the percent of neutrophiles was usually lower than in the control group. 4. The amount of superoxide ion was frequently less in the experimental group compared with the control one. 5. The amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control one. 6. The amount of leukotriene B₄was usually less in the drug administered group than in the control one. 7. The amount of tumor necrotic factor was also frequently lower in each experimental group than in the control one. 8. The amount of prostaglandin E₂was usually higher in each experimental group than in the control one.

Doppler ultrasound를 이용한 교정적 치아 이동 시 치수 혈류량의 변화의 측정 : 예비실험

임경섭,배영민,차정열,유형석,황충주 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.6

교정적 치아 이동 시 지속되는 압력에 의해 혈류변화가 발생하게 되며, 이러한 변화양상에 있어서 선학들의 연구 방법 및 그 결과의 다양성이 존재하였다. 본 연구에서는 Doppler ultrasound를 이용하여, 교정치료 전과 교정치료 시작 3주, 6주 후 치수 혈류량의 연속적인 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 만 15세 이상 환자 18명을 연구대상으로 Doppler ultrasound를 이용하여 상, 하악 6전치 중 경도의 총생(2 mm 미만)을 보이는 치아(총생측정: required space-available space)와 인접치아를 포함한 3개의 치아를 대상으로 치수 혈류량의 변화를 알아보았다. 연구결과 부위별(상, 하악), 치아별, 기간에 따른 치수 혈류량의 변화는 교정 치료 시작 전과 시작 후 3주, 6주 혈류량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 치수 생활력 상실의 내재적 위험성을 비교하고자 교정 치료 시작 전 치아별로 치수혈류량을 비교하였을 때, 상악에서는 측절치, 하악에서는 견치에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았지만, 모든 항목에서 적은 값을 나타냈다 (p > 0.05). 본 연구의 결과는 이후에 진행될 Doppler ultrasound의 치아이동유형, 환자의 연령을 고려한 세부적인 실험 시 방법론적인 기초 자료로서 뿐만 아니라, 교정치료 시 치수 생활력의 상실에 대한 참고 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. Objective: This study was to change of pulp blood flow among maxillary and mandibular anterior tooth with mild crowding and adjacent teeth using Ultrasound Doppler graphy. Methods: The change of pulp blood flow was measured three times using Ultrasound Doppler graphy; before the attachment of brackets, after 3 week, and after 6 week. The sample consists of 15 year old eighteen patients. Results: Before the attachment of brackets, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks, there were no significant differences in the change of pulp blood flow in each part (maxilla and mandible) and each tooth according to period. In addition, to compare internal dangerousness of loss of the pulp vitality, when pulp blood flow is compared in each tooth before orthodontic treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular canine but it showed low values in all measurement items (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Results of this study can be not only methodological preliminary data in further study such as tooth movement type of Ultrasound Doppler graphy and particular study considered the patient age, but also reference materials for the loss of pulp vitality in orthodontic treatment.

숯가루 첨가가 빵반죽의 발효와 품질에 미치는 영향

임영애,이예경,김순동 동아시아식생활학회 2000 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.10 No.6

The effects of charcoal powder on fermentation of dough and quality of bread were investigated. Charcoal powder was added to wheat flour at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20%. The fermentation time of dough with charcoal was reduced by 4~12 min compared with that of dough without charcoal. The loaf volume index of bread with 0.05% charcoal powder slightly increased. Bread with charcoal powder showed higher textural properties (strength, hardness, springness, gumminess, and brittleness) except for cohesiveness than bread without charcoal powder. Color L^(*) and b^(*) values and hue angle of the top crust decreased while a^(*) value increased with increasing charcoal concentrations. L^(*) and a^(*) values of the inside of bread decreased while hue angle increased with increasing charcoal concentrations. No significant difference in pleasant taste between bread with and without charcoal powder was observed. However, bread with 0.1% charcoal powder showed the highest scores for pleasant odor, color, and overall acceptability.

L-THIA/NPS to Assess the Impacts of Urbanization on Estimated Runoff and NPS Pollution

임경재,비니드엥겔,김영석,최증대,김기성 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

The land use changes from non-urban areas to urban areas lead to the increased impervious areas, consequently increased direct runoff and higher peak runoff. Urban areas have also been recognized as significant sources of Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollution, while agricultural activities have been known as the primary sources of NPS pollution. Many features of the L-THIA/NPS GIS, L-THIA/NPS WWW system have been enhanced to provide easy-to-use system. The L-THIA model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed in Indiana to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The L-THIA/NPS GIS estimated yearly direct runoff values match the direct runoff separated from U.S. Geological Survey stream flow data reasonably. The R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe values are 0.67 and 0.60, respectively. The L-THIA estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading for each land use classification in the LEC watershed were computed. The estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading in the LEC watershed increased by 180% and 270% for the 20 years. Urbanized areas - "Commercial", "High Density Residential", and "Low Density Residential" of the LEC watershed made up around 68% of the 1991 total land areas, however contributed more than 92% of average annual runoff and 86% of total nitrogen loading. Therefore, it is essential to consider the impacts of land use change on hydrology and water quality in land use planning of urbanizing watershed.

Urinary Levels of phthalate metabolites in Korean population: KorSEP data, 2009

( Kyoung Mu Lee ),( Young Lim Kho ),( Jae Buhm Chun ),( Pan Gyi Kim ),( Suk Hwan Park ),( Jin Heon Lee ) 대한보건협회 2011 대한보건협회 보건종합학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

[Background] Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals used as plasticizers, solvents, lubricants, and stabilizers in the manufacture of consumer products such as children`s toys, medical equipment and medications, cosmetics, and food packaging. Assessing human exposure to phthalates is of interest because of their potential adverse health effects, particularly among the young. [Objective] The national survey for environmental exposure monitoring in 2009 were funded by Korea Food of Drug Administration (KFDA) with a view to assessing human exposure to selected chemicals including phthalates and identifying major sources of them. [Methods] The subjects of our study aged between 18 and 70 were selected through stratified sampling nationwide and interviewed by trained interviewers using structured questionnaire to collect information on general characteristics, use of plastics, dietary habits related with potential exposure to phthalates. Total 1,874 urine samples were collected and stored at -20℃ until measurement for 10 selected metabolites of phthalates using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Out of 10 metabolites, six ones were selected for further statistical analyses based on proportion of samples over LOQ (limit of quantification), i.e, MnBP, MiBP, MbZP, MeHP, MeOHP, and MeHHP. For each urinary levels (ug per gram creatinine), geometric mean and 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th were represented. Given the distribution of response variable deviates from normal distribution, log transformation was performed, and then tested for its statistical significance. Differences by selected variables were analyzed for statistical significance by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) adjusted for age, sex, income, and body mass index. [Results] Common phthalate metabolites included MnBP (GM=41.7, GSE=1.9), MeHHP (38.1, 1.9), MeOHP (17.5, 1.9), MiBP (17.0, 2.2), and MBzP (15.8, 2.8), whereas the proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20 for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. The levels for the six metabolites tended to be higher compared to those from the national survey in US (NHANES), and lower compared to those from the national survey in Germany (GerES4). Significant correlations between the six urinary metabolites were observed. Urinary level of phthalates were observed to be higher among subjects with older age, females, subjects with higher body mass index (BMI), and lower income.

Unaccusative Constructions in English

임은경,서영미 대전대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 人文科學論文集 Vol.33 No.-

직무체험이 고등부 정신지체 학생의 직업흥미에 미치는 영향 : 자동차 · 건물관리 · 식당서비스 · 가사 영역을 중심으로 Centering around Automative · Building Trades · Food Service · Housekeeping interest areas

임경원,박은영,김삼섭 국립특수교육원 2005 특수교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 직무체험이 고등부 정신지체 학생의 직업흥미에 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 직업흥미 영역별 변화 순위는 어떠한지를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 대전 · 충청 · 강원 지역 고등부 정신지체 학생 57명을 실험집단으로 선정하였고, 3박 4일 동안 기숙생활을 하면서 대전직업능력개발센터에서 개발한 직무체험프로그램(2004년)을 실시하였다. 직무체험 프로그램은 자동차, 건물관리, 식당서비스, 가사의 4가지 직업영역으로 구성되었으며, 직무체험의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 직무체험 프로그램의 실시 전과 후에 직업흥미 검사를 실시하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 연구에서 사용된 설계는 이질집단 전후검사 설계이며, 자료처리는 만 휘트니 U 검정과 프리드만 검정을 이용하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 첫째, 직무체험이 고등부 정신지체 학생의 직업흥미에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 자동차와 가사 영역은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 건물관리와 식당서비스 영역에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다; 둘째, 직업흥미 영역별 변화 순위는 자동차, 가사, 식당서비스, 건물관리의 순서로 나타났다. 순위의 실제적 양상을 알아보기 위해 사후검정을 실시한 결과, 자동차 흥미 영역은 건물관리와 식당서비스와 유의한 차이를 보였고(p<.05), 가사 흥미 영역은 건물관리와 식당서비스와 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 자동차와 가사, 건물관리와 식당서비스는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 즉, 첫 번째 순위는 자동차와 가사, 두 번째 순위는 식당서비스와 건물관리 영역임을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구결과에 비추어 볼 때, 정신지체 학생들의 직업흥미 영역을 확대시키고 변화를 유도할 수 있는 교육활동의 일환으로 다양한 직무체험 프로그램을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of job experience on vocational interest and the changed order of vocational interest areas of high school students with mental retardation after application of job experience program. The subjects of experimental group were 57 students with mental retardation and selected from high school in Daejeon · Chungcheong · Gangwon provision. They lived in dormitory during a four-day and involved in job experience program which was developed by Daejeon Vocational Competency Development Center for the Disabled (2004). Job experience program consisted of four vocation areas of Automative, Building Trades, Food Service and Housekeeping, and pre- and post-vocational interest inventory was conducted and analysed to compare the effect of job experience. This study employed nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest design and Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test were used for data analysis. The results as follows: First, the effect of job experience on vocational interest had significant differences in Automative and Housekeeping areas(p<.05), but was not significantly different in Building Trades and Food Service areas; Second, the changed order of vocational interest areas showed Automative, Housekeeping, Food Service and Building Trades in turn. The results of the post hoc test, Automative was significantly different with Building Trade and Food Service, and Housekeeping was significantly different with Building Trade and Food Service(p<.05). Automative had not significant difference with Housekeeping, and Building Trade was not significantly different with Food Services. The results of this study showed that job experience program as the kind of educational activity was used to enlarged and changed in vocational interest areas of high school students with mental retardation.

알루미늄 튜브 하이드로포밍에서의 예비 굽힘 공정의 효과에 관한 연구

임희택,박경창,김형종,김헌영 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.B

Recently social demands of fuel economy and environmental regulations require the development of lightweight components and new manufacturing technologies. The aluminum tube hydroforming is a manufacturing process which can provide lightweight components as automotive parts. In this paper, the hydroformability of aluminium tube in different condition of bending process is presented. An investigation has been conducted on how to control the deformed shape and its effect on thinning distribution after hydroforming by using finite element simulation. Finite element simulation of tube hydroforming for automotive trailing arm is carried out to explore the effect of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional bending.

속성 퇴비화에 관한 연구

임채규,박경수,김홍섭,노영복 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1988 自然科學硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This experiment was conducted to fine out the rapid composting method and the effects microorganism agent. The results were summarilized as follows; 1. Each temperatures of every composts highest rised at the 5 days during the experiment composting. 2. Composting temperature of the more 60℃ was killed the harmful lavar and pathogenic microorganisms. 3. The lowest C/N ratio was No.2, among the each treatments. 4. C/N ratio of the each treatments were same results of the general compost C/N ratio. 5. The synthesized of these results were recognized the effects of microorganism agent and the each treatments were showed the more rapid composting then general compost.

혼수상태의 외상환자에서 초음파를 이용한 흉부 및 복부손상의 진단

임경수,이강현,이진웅,이부수,황성오,유수영,강성준 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The need for rapid diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening thoracic and intra-abdominal injury result in controversy over the appropriate triage of unconscious blunt trauma patients. To aid in early decisions for these patients, a prospective analysis of 98 patients with glasgow coma scale(GCS) scores≤8 was undertaken. Although intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal injuries were frequently identified based on systolic blood ressure, the use of clinical signs alone resulted in more missed injuries than did using the emergency ultrasonography. In normotensive patients(n=34), intra-thoracic injuries was identified in one patient(2.9%), and intra-abdominal injuries were in 7 patients(20.6%). In shock(systolic blood pressure<90mmHg) Pa-tients(n=64), thoracic injuries and intra-abdominal injuries were diagnosed in 8(12.5%) and 27 patients(42.3%), thoracic and abdominal combined injuries were identified in 11 patients(17.2%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of emergency ultrasonography were 96.3%, 91.7%, 94.9%. This study suggests that all unconscious trauma patients undergo immediate emergency ultrasonography to prevent missing life-threatening injuries.