林地利用에 따른 溪流水의 水質變化

具瀟瑛,鄭源玉,金弘洙,朴晋源,麻鎬燮 경상대학교 농과대학 부속연습림 2001 演習林硏究報告 Vol.- No.11

Table 2. Evaluation of stream water quality in three stands by Drinking water quality standard <원문참조> 임지이용에 따른 수질변화 및 오염정도를 구명하여 향후 비점오염원 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 경남 진주시 정평리에 위치한 3개 임분(소나무, 밤나무Ⅰ, 반나무Ⅱ임분)에서 2000년 7월부터 9월까지 계류수의 수질변화를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 세 임분의 계류수 pH는 소나무 임분(pH6.59)>밤나무 Ⅱ임분(ph 6.53)>밤나무 Ⅰ임분(pH 6.47)계류수 순으로 나타났다. 2. 전기전도도는 밤나무 Ⅰ임분>소나무 임분>밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 3. 양이온은 세 임분의 계류수 모두 Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+, NH_^+의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 음이온은 소나무 임분과 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수에서는 SO_4^2, Cl, NO_3의 순으로 높게 나타났고, 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서는 NO_3, SO_4^2, Cl 의 순으로 높게 나타나 차이를 보였다. 5. 소나무, 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수는 pH, NH_4+, NO_3, Cl, SO_4^2이 먹는 물 수질기준 범위내에 있었다. 그러나 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서 5항목 중 NO_3는 먹는 물 수질기준을 넘어서는 범위에 있어 임지이용에 따른 하류수질의 오염이 우려되었다. 따라서 이러한 상류지역에서 오염원 차단을 위한 수질정화시설 등의 대책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by land-use of forest from July to September, 2000 in three stands(Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand) of Jeongpyeong-ri, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam. The mean pH of rainfall results in acid rain of 5.3. The pH of stream water in three stands was hugh in order of Pinus densiflora (pH 6.59), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ)(pH 6.53) and Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand(pH 6.47). The electrical conductivity of stream water was high in order of Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Pinus densiflora and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand. Cations of three stand in stream water high in order of Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+ and NH_4^+. But anions of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand were high in order of SO_4^2, Cl and NO_3. In Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand cations of stream water were high in order of NO_3, SO_^2 and Cl. The level of pH, NH_4^+, NO_3, Cl and SO_4^2 of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand reached within the level of domestic use standard for drinking water But the level of NO_3 of stream water in Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand was higher than that of domestic use standard. Therefore, non-point sources like forest watersheds which are fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures.

The Antioxidant Effect of the Rhaponticum uniflorum Extracts on the Oxidative Stress in H₂O₂ induced Human Keratinocytes

So Hee Ahn,Won Yeoung Choi,Ji Won Jeong,Geon Woo Park,Su Yeon Kang,Eun Jeong Kim,Su Rim Sin,Eun Seo Jang,Gye Won Lee,Young Ho Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

In this study, To investigate the antioxidant activities of Rhaponticum uniflorum extracts (RUE), we assessed scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS radicals, and reducing power. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (SC50) of RUE were 96.97±1.19 μg/mL and 31.26±0.13 μ g/mL, respectively, and the reducing power significantly increased dose-dependent manner. To study the antioxidant effecters of RUE in H₂O₂ induced human keratinocytes, expression of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RUE induced the expression of HO-1, a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of HO- 1 mRNA was also induced in H₂O₂-treated HaCaT cells but no significant difference in the level of HO-1 mRNA was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that RUE may be useful as a potential ingredient for anti-aging products.

H₂O₂로 산화적 스트레스가 유도된 각질 형성 세포에서 흑삼 추출물의 항노화 효과

안소희(So Hee Ahn),이계원(Gye Won Lee),권득상(Deuk Sang Kwon),신현중(Hyun Joong Shin),조영호(Young Ho Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.10

본 연구에서는 95°C에서 6번 증숙하여 제조한 흑삼 추출물의 항산화 활성과 피부세포에서 산화적 스트레스로부터 보호 효과를 확인하고, 항산화 효소 발현, 주름개선 및 보습관련 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 흑삼 추출물(BGE-A6)의 항산화 활성을 평가하기 위하여 DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion 라디칼 소거 활성 및 환원력을 측정하였다. 그 결과 증숙 후 흑삼 추출물이 증숙 전에 비하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 4배, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 5배 정도 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 피부 각질 형성 세포에서 산화적 스트레스로부터 BGE-A6의 세포보호 효과를 측정하기 위하여 BGE-A6를 1시간 전처리하고 0.5 mM H₂O₂를 6시간 동안 처리하여 분석한 결과, H₂O₂ 처리로 증가된 ROS 생성이 BGE-A6를 100 μg/mL 농도로 처리한 경우 약 40% 정도 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, BGE-A6의 ROS 소거 효과를 규명하기 위하여 세포 내 존재하는 항산화 효소의 발현량을 western blot으로 평가한 결과 H₂O₂에 의해 유도된 산화 스트레스로부터 감소된 항산화 효소(HO-1, CAT, SOD)의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 회복시켰다. 또한, BGE-A6의 주름 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 콜라겐 발현 및 MMP-1 발현 억제 정도를 ELISA와 western blot으로 측정한 결과 0.5 mM H₂O₂를 처리하였을 때 감소된 콜라겐 생성량이 BGE-A6를 100 μg/mL 농도로 처리할 경우 H₂O₂ 처리에 의해 감소된 콜라겐 생성량을 약 20% 정도 회복시키는 것으로 확인되었다(P<0.05). 0.5 mM H₂O₂를 처리하였을 때 증가된 MMP-1의 생성이 BGE-A6 처리 시 농도 의존적으로 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. BGE-A6의 피부보습 관련 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 western blot으로 측정한 결과 HAS2와 AQP3 발현량 및 EGFR의 인산화를 처리 시 농도 의존적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 피부세포에 H₂O₂를 처리하여 산화적 스트레스를 유도하였을 때 BGE-A6는 항산화 효소의 발현을 통해 세포보호 효과를 나타내고, AQP3, HAS2 및 콜라겐 단백질의 발현은 증가시키고 MMP-1의 발현을 감소시켜 피부보습 및 피부장벽 기능을 유지하는 것으로 사료된다. 또한, AQP3의 증가는 피부조직 및 피부세포막에 발현되는 EGF 수용체의 인산화를 증가시킴으로써 피부 건조에 대한 보호 효과도 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 흑삼 추출물은 항산화 효과, 피부보습 및 장벽기능 유지를 통한 항노화 화장품 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In this study, black ginseng extract steamed six times at 95°C (BGE-A6) was evaluated for its antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and skin moisturizing effects in human keratinocytes. When steamed six times at 95°C, the content of total ginsenosides including minor ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh4, Rk1, and Rg5) was the highest at 14.97 mg/g. The antioxidant properties of BGE-A6 were measured by using different in vitro antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS), and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of BGE-A6 was increased in a dose-dependent manner. A 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay and a western blot assay were performed to verify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of BGE-A6 in H₂O₂-induced human keratinocytes. Pretreatment with 100 μg/mL of BGE-A6 inhibited intracellular ROS production by about 40%. Also, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), very well-known as antioxidant enzymes, was increased by BGE-A6 in a dose-dependent manner. BGE-A6 was shown to significantly inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and increase the production of type I collagen, thus confirming its anti-wrinkle activity (P<0.05). Furthermore, BGE-A6 significantly increased the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and the expression of moisturizing proteins, such as hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), indicating that it is effective in enhancing skin hydration. The results of this study suggest that BGE-A6 has potential for use as an effective compound in anti-aging cosmetics to address wrinkle formation and skin hydration.

체중이동 과제 학습시 효과적인 운동학적 되먹임 유형과 상대적 빈도

차승규,박소연,정진호,김영호 한국전문물리치료학회 2000 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Physical therapists have been using balance and weight shifting training to induce improvements in standing and walking. This study compared the effects of kinetic feedback frequency and concurrent kinetic feedback on the performance and learning of a weight shifting skill in young, nondisabled adults. Sixteen young adults without known impairment of the neuromusculoskeletal system volunteered for the study. Subjects in each of three kinetic feedback groups performed a weight shifting task in an attempt to minimize error between their effort and a center of pressure (COP) template for a 12 second period. Feedback was provided: 1) concurrently (concurrent feedback), 2) after each trial (100% feedback), 3) after ever other trial (50% feedback). Immediate and delayed (24 hous) retention tests were performed without feedback. During ascquistion phase, the concurrent feedback group exhibited less error than either of the post response feedback group. For the immediate retention test, the 50% feedback group exhibited less error than did the 100% feedback and concurrent feedback. During the delayed retention, 50% feedback group displayed less error than did the other groups. But no significant differences were found between groups. these results suggest that practice with concurrent feedback is beneficial for the immediate performance, but not for the learning of this weight shifting skill. Lower frequency of feedback resulted in more permanent changes in the subject's ability to complete the task.

당뇨병과 동반된 화농성 간농양의 임상상 및 예후인자

오은숙,강무일,이원영,오기원,임동준,이소영,이정민,고승현,김성래,안유배,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2000 임상당뇨병 Vol.1 No.1

연구배경: 감염질환은 혈관질환과 함께 당뇨병의 중요한 사망원인의 하나이며, 혈당조절이 불량할수록 감염 빈도가 증가됨은 잘 알려져 있다. 간농양의 발생이 있어서도 당뇨병은 중요한 기저질환 중의 하나이다. 일반적으로 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균은 Escherichi coli라고 알려져 있으나, 최근 당뇨병을 가진 간농양 환자에서 Klesiella pneumoniae의 검출이 증가되고 있다. 또 최근 연구에 의하면 K.pneumonie가 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균이며, K. pneumoniae에 의한 간농양은 K.pneumoniae 이외의 균주에 의한 간농양보다 당뇨병과 밀접히 관련되어 있다고 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 간농양 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병환자의 빈도를 알아보고, 그 원인균 및 특징을 비당뇨병 환자들의 경우와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1999년 6월까지 방사선학적 검사 혹은 수술에 의해 간농양이 확인되거나, 경피적 천자나 수술을 통한 배농액 배양, 혹은 혈액 검사에서 원인균이 증명된 182명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 임상고찰을 실시하였다. 결과: 화농성 농양을 가진 167명의 환자(남:94명, 여:73명)중 당뇨병을 가진 환자는 54명 (남:30명, 여:24명)으로 32.3%를 차지하였다. 환자의 평균나이는 당뇨군에서 62.1 ± 13.4세, 비당뇨군에서는 55.1 ±15.5세로 당뇨군에서 높았으며(p=0.0021), 남녀간의 평균나이 비교 시 두 군 모두 여성의 나이가 의미있게 높았다. 비당뇨군에 비하여 당뇨군의 경우 저알부민혈증의 빈도와 aspartate transaminase가 증가되어있었다. 원인균주는 K. pneumoniae (당뇨군54%, 비당뇨군 39.1%), E. coli(당뇨군 17.5%, 비당뇨군 18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus 순이었으며 두 군간의 의미는 차이는 없었으나 K. pneumoniae의 경우 다른 균종에 비해 단독감염의 빈도가 높았다(82.8%). 사망률은 당뇨군에서 16.7%, 비당뇨군에서 7.1%로 당뇨군에서 의미있게 높았으며(p=0.019), 당뇨군에서의 사망환자는 모두 패혈증이 동반되어 있었다. 당뇨환자의 사망군은 생존군에 비해 당뇨병 이환기간이 길고 혼합감염의 빈도가 높았다(p=0.046). 검사실 소견에서는 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가가 관찰되어 있었다. 결론: E. coli가 간농양의 주된 원인균이라는 기존 보고와는 달리 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 K. pneumoniae가 간농양의 주된 원인균이었다. 또한 당뇨 유병기간이 길고 당뇨조절이 불량한 환자에서 혼합감염이며 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가등과 같은 위험인자가 존재할 경우 사망률이 증가될 수 있으므로 이들 군에서는 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Liver abscesses are commonly associated with underlying disease, particularly diabete mellitus. The number of the liver abscesses caused by Klebslella pneumoniae in diabetic patient has been increased in Korea nowadays. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of pyogenic liver abscesses, especially in diabetic patients and to determine the proportion of K. pneunomiae as a pathogen in liver abscess in Korea. Methods: Medical records of 167 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from January, 1992 through June, 1999 were reviewed retrospectively in detail. Major Pathogenic organism, clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, the importance of diabetes mellilus as an underlying disease and its effect on clinical features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among 167 cases of pyogenic liver abscess, underlying diabetes mellitus was present in 32.3%. The mean age of patients was 62.7 13.4 years in diabetic liver abscess group and 55.1 15.5 years in non-diabetic liver abscess group. Most liver abscesses were cryptogenic in origin or secondary to the billary tree diseases. The clinical presentations among the two groups were not significantly different. When compared to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had significantly higher proportions of hypoalbuminemia and elevated aspartate transaminase level. The most common organism of the pyogenic abscess was K. pneumoniae in both groups. Percutaneous drainage of the abscess with appropriate antibiotics was the most commonly used therapeutic modality in liver abscess. The mortality rate of diabetic liver abscess is 16.1 % and 7.1% in nondiabetic liver abscess. Complications, especially septicemla, were found more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (64.8% vs 28.3%, septicemia : 31.5% vs 9.7%). The factors influencing mortality in the diabetic liver abscess were disease duration, mixed infection, presence of septicemia, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions: In contrast to prior report that the E. coli was the most common pathogen in liver abscess, we found that K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in liver abscess. Diabetic patients have more complications and higher mortality than patients without diabetes. Early detection and proper treatment are needed to improve the outcome for diabetic patient with liver abscess.

중등교사의 생활체육참여에 따른 직무만족에 관한 연구

소영호,이창민 한국학교체육학회 2002 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study has compared and analyzed the influence of "Sports for All" participation on middle school teachers' job satisfaction, 6 middle schools from Seoul and Kyungki-do was selected. 256 respondents was selected by stratified cluster random sampling and questionnaire was made by fell-administration method. The collected data was processed through SPSS FOR WINDOW 9.0 using One-Way ANOVA, chi-square and factor. Also DUNCON's discriminant analysis was uses to verify the statistical significance. I deduced the following result by this study method and procedure. 1 There was no statistical difference between non participating teachers and "Sports for All" participating teachers' job satisfaction. 2. Participating in "Sports for All' as a group or individually did not show statistical significance for job satisfaction, 3. The factors, such as participate frequency, hours, expense did not show statistical significance on job satisfaction. But experience showed statistical significance.(p<.05)

장기저장 미곡의 성분 변화 특성

소규호,김영수,홍재식,정준영,조재민 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

미곡의 장기저장에 따른 이화학적 특성의 변화를 조사하여 효율적인 저장방법을 구명하기 위한 기초적 자료를 제공하기 위해 4년간 조곡상태의 미곡 50가마니를 상온 창고에서 저장하면서 성분 변화를 조사하였다. 고내 온도의 변화는 계절에 따라 35℃ 정도였다. 미곡의 수분함량은 저장기간 동안 15% 이상으로 증가한 적이 없어 비교적 안전하였으나 곡온이 18℃이상 유지되는 매년 6월부터 9월까지의 4개월 동안은 고내 습도의 상승과 함께 미질 저하를 일으킬 수 있는 저장 위험 기간이었다. 저장기간 중의 환원당, amylose 함량, 조단백의 변화를 조사한 결과 각각 입고시 0.24%, 19.23%, 7.02%에서 4년간 저장후 각각 0.5%, 20.31%, 7.46%로 증가하는 경향이었다. 저장미의 amylogram 특성을 조사한 결과 저장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 최고 점도, 최종 점도 및 setback은 입고시 각각 449B.U, 610B.U, 161B.U에서 4년 후 493B.U, 715B.U, 222B.U로 높아졌다. 반면에 Breakdown은 입고시 125B.U에서 4년 후 76B.U로 낮아졌다. 저장미의 호화응집성(gel consistency)은 입고시 44.7mm에서 4년후 39.9mm로 감소하였으며 지방산도는 입고시 4.5KOH㎎/100g에서 4년 저장후 각각 24.4KOH㎎/100g로 증가하였다. 배아율과 배아활성은 각각 97%, 100%에서 4년 후 각각 0%, 0.4%로 감소하였다. 한편 미곡에 착생한 미생물상의 변화를 조사한 결과 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 세균 착생립수는 감소하고 곰팡이의 착생립수는 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. In order to investigate the changes of rice qualities during 4 years storage of paddy stored in warehouse of normal temperature condition. Temperature in warehouse was changed more than 30℃ under the influence of average temperature outside of a warehouse. Water content of paddy was not increased over 15%. But, as average temperature in wasehouse was gone up 18℃ from June to September every years, it was supposed that these periods were to be deterioration of rice quality. On investigation of change in paddy components during the long term storage, reducing sugar, amylose, crude protein were increased 0.24%, 19.23%, 7.02% at enterance time to 0.5%, 20.31%, 7.46% 4 years later, respectively. Max. viscosity, final visocity and set back value by amylograph were increased 449B.U, 610B.U, 161B.U to 493B.U, 715B.U, 222B.U but breakdown was decreased 125B.U to 76B.U with the increase of storage period. Gel consistency of rice stored was decreased 44.7mm at enterance time to 39.9mm 4 years later. Fatty acid was increased remarkably 4.5KOH㎎/100g to 24.4KOH㎎/100g. Germination ratio and germ activity of paddy during long-term storage were decreased 97%, 100% to 0%, 0.4%, respectively. With the increase of storage period, contaminated paddy by molds increased and its by bacteria decreased.

콘크리트 중력식댐의 내진성능 평가에 관한 연구

소진호,정영수 중앙대학교 건설환경연구소 2001 環境科學硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The objective of this study is firstly to frame up the seismic safety of concrete gravity dams. It is necessary to analyze seismic response and evaluate seismic performance off concrete gravity dams during earthquake. In this study, seismic damage and dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams using SAP2000 program are performed. Additional dynamic water pressure due to earthquake was considered as additional mass for numerical seismic analysis. But, a further research will be necessary for the seismic stability of dams.

점포내 VMD요소가 SPA 브랜드 정체성에 미치는 영향

김소영, 손지훈, 심효진, 신동훈, 정일호, 홍동우, 김은영 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2013 생활과학연구논총 Vol.17 No.2

This study was to examine the effect of VMD factors on brand identity for SPA brands. As brand stimulus, four SPA brands(e.g., Basic House, Codes combine, Uniqlo, Zara) were selected by pretest. For collecting data, a self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the literatures and intercept survey was conducted. A total 508 usable responses were obtained from consumers who shopped at the selected brands' stores. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis were used. As perceived by consumers, VMD consisted of seven factors: lightening, scent, color, layout, music, window display, and item presentation. The VMD factor was significantly related to brand identity for the SPA brands. Specifically, brand awareness was predicted by color, layout and item presentation; brand association strength was predicted by color, layout, and widow display; favorable brand association was predicted by item presentation; salience of brand association was predicted by color and music; and brand image association was predicted by color, layout, music, and item presentation. Thus, this study discussed a managerial implication for SPA retailers to develop a visual merchandising strategy in the competitive marketplace.

거푸집 일체형 외단열 갱폼시스템의 전단내력실험

김호수,정희범,김소연,박영석,원종덕 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2016 産業科學硏究 Vol.34 No.1

The shear capacity is evaluated for the structural safety security of integrated gang form system for outer insulation. Therefore, this study presents the composition types of outer insulation system and evaluates the shear capacity for the several design cases. Through the results, we find out the influencing factors that affect the shear capacity.