Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

Shelf Life Determination of Precooked Frozen Meat Dumplings

Lee, Young-Chun,Yang, Hyung-Sub,Kim, Dong-Ho 한국산업식품공학회 2002 산업 식품공학 Vol.6 No.3

Quality of frozen foods is significantly affected by the storage temperature and tie, and the consumers' demand for safe quality frozen foods is increasing. The objective of this research was to estimate the shelf life of frozen cooked meat dumplings, based on the changes in the selected physico-chemical and sensory quality attributes. Precooked frozen meat dumplings sampled from the same lot produced at a frozen food company in Seoul were stored at -10, -15, and -20℃. The meat dumplings sampled at 3- to 4-week intervals were subjected to the determination of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide value (POV), surface color and shear value after thawing at 5℃ for 15 h. High quality life (HQL) was determined through the triangle test and practical quality life (PQL) through the scoring test. VBN, TBA and POV increased as the storage period was increased. HQL of the frozen meat dumplings were 189 and 252 days at -10 and -15℃, respectively. The estimated PQL were 349, 475, and 491 days at -10, -15, and -20 ℃, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that there were significant relationships between sensory scores and VBN and POV of the stored meat dumplings. VBN was selected as the most reliable objective quality index for the shelf life determination (PQL) of the precooked frozen meat dumplings.

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

An Investigation on the Life of Master Won Guk Lee, the Creator of Chung-Do-Kwan

( Seon Young Jung ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Seung Woo Shin ),( Chun Hwan Cho ),( Seung Hyun Jang ),( Won Shin ) 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2014 기초과학지 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review (or, investigate) the life of Won Guk Lee. He is the creator of Chung-Do-Kwan, which is one of the five original Taekwondo kwans. Data was gathered from advanced research, newspapers, documentaries, the Internet, magazines, and journals etc. Thus, we were able to create a sequence of events based on the research data. First, we can say that in Won Guk Lee``s career, he created Chung-Do-Kwan and brought Dangsoodo to Korea. These events have had a significant development on Taekwondo. Second, Taekwondo curriculum, which was published by Won Guk Lee, established the foundation of Taekwondo poomsae, as well as giving us the pure spirit of Korean martial arts.

토양중 게르마늄 농도에 따른 벼의 생육 특성 및 게르마늄 흡수

이성태,이영한,최용조,이상대,이춘희,허종수 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.1

게르마늄의 약리효능이 알려짐에 따라 게르마늄이 깅화된 기능성 농산물의 요구도가 높아지는 추세이다. 본 연구는 게르마늄의 농업적 이용에 대한 기초 사료를 제공하고자 실시하였으며, 벼의 생육 및 게르마늄 흡수에 미치는 게르마늄처리 효과는 다음과 같다. 게르마늄을 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 및 10.0 mg/kg으로 처리할 토양을 와그너포트에 넣어 벼를 재배힌 결과, 게르마늄 처리농도가 증가할수록 게르마늄 독성의 증가로 초장, 수장, 수수 및 수량이 급격히 감소하였으며 게르마늄 2.5 mg/kg 이상에서는 게르마늄 독성이 발생하였다. 게르마늄 처리농도가 증가할수록 벼의 게르마늄 흡수랑은 증가하였으나 벼의 게르마늄 이용율은 게르마늄 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mg/kg 처리에서 각각 20.7, 12.5 및 7.5%로서 게르마늄 처리농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 벼의 부위별 게르마늄 함량은 볏짚>왕겨>현미 순으로 높았다. 게르마늄 2.5 mg/kg 처리시 볏짚, 왕겨 및 현미의 게르마늄 함량은 각각 103.4, 30.2 및 3.02 mg/kg 이었고, 볏짚과 왕겨에서는 게르마늄 무처리에서도 각각 2.9 및 3.9 mg/kg을 함유하고 있었다. 쌀의 아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과 게르마늄 처리농도가 증가할수록 Asx., Thr., Ser. 등 대부분 종류의 아미노산 함량이 증가하였으며, 그 결과 현미중 질소흡수량도 증가하였다. In order to obtain the basic information for agricultural utilization of Germanium(Ge), the growth characteristics and Ge absorption of rice plant were investigated with different Ge concentration in soil. Ge concentrations were treated with 0, 2.5, 5.0 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg in pot(1/5,000a), respectively. As higher the Ge concentration in soil, the Ge absorption amount in straw, husk and brown rice were increased. But the yields were decreased with the increase of Ge phytotoxicity. When rice plant was grown more than 2.5 mg/kg Ge(as GeO₂) in the soil, growth was inhibited by germanium phytotoxicity and necrosis spots were observed in the rice leaf blades. Therefore the optimum concentration of Ge was less than 2.5 mg/kg in rice plant. When rice plant was cultivated on soil supplemented with 2.5 mg/kg Ge, Ge content in straw, husk and brown rice was 103.4, 30.2 and 3.02 mg/kg, respectively. The Ge content in plant was high in the order of straw > husk > brown rice. Most of the amino acids in rice were increased with the increase of Ge treatment, besides, total amino acid contents also increased.

활성화 C 단백 내성검사의 정도관리와 한국인의 양성률

이영경,박성섭,이유경,이진숙,함천경,주세익,윤근영,박선양,조한익 대한임상병리학회 1996 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.16 No.6

열대 지역에서 통일형 초다수성 벼 품종의 생육 및 수량성 비교

이지윤,준현,성환,손영보,송유천,한상익,박동수,권영업,이철원,이종희 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

패스트푸드점의 서비스품질과 만족에 관한 실증적 연구 : 대구지역을 중심으로

박진영, 이희천 김천대학교 1998 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

The objective of this study is to find the components of the service quality in fastfood industry and to examine the impact of service quality over customer satisfaction. Also it is the intention of the researchers to find the difference in evaluation of service quality using demographic variables. Firstly, preceding studies such as Dr. Munkyu Lee's indicate that service quality is comprised of 5 factors. However, this study showed 4 factors responsiveness-assurance, tangibility-reliability, empathy. benefits through empirical study. This findings show more relevance of this study over Dr. Lee as Dr. Lee's study focused on the different customer satisfaction between Korean customers and American customers while this study concentrated only on the Korean customers' satisfaction. Secondly, this study analysed the impact of service quality over customer satisfaction. Results show the components of service quality affecting customer satisfaction lie in tangibility-reliability and benefits. In view of the results findings, customer satisfactions are affected by visible factors, reliable factors and benefit factors such as waiting time, location, price, etc. Thirdly, this study examined the difference in evaluation of service quality according to the demographical characteristics. Result findings after empirical study show significant difference in statistics of demographics in all dimensions except responsiveness-assurance Service quality was highly evaluated by college students while it was lowery evaluated by less aged high school students. Monthly allowance shows significant difference in statistics except the empathy, while it is no difference in the resident style. As a result, there is some difference​​

인공 신경망 이론의 B.P. 알고리즘을 적용한 영산강의 유출량 예측에 관한 연구

이관수(Lee Kwan Soo),박성천(Park Sung Chun),이한민(Lee Han Min),진영훈(Jin Young Hoon) 대한토목학회 2000 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.20 No.5B

Urinary Levels of phthalate metabolites in Korean population: KorSEP data, 2009

( Kyoung Mu Lee ),( Young Lim Kho ),( Jae Buhm Chun ),( Pan Gyi Kim ),( Suk Hwan Park ),( Jin Heon Lee ) 대한보건협회 2011 대한보건협회 보건종합학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

[Background] Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals used as plasticizers, solvents, lubricants, and stabilizers in the manufacture of consumer products such as children`s toys, medical equipment and medications, cosmetics, and food packaging. Assessing human exposure to phthalates is of interest because of their potential adverse health effects, particularly among the young. [Objective] The national survey for environmental exposure monitoring in 2009 were funded by Korea Food of Drug Administration (KFDA) with a view to assessing human exposure to selected chemicals including phthalates and identifying major sources of them. [Methods] The subjects of our study aged between 18 and 70 were selected through stratified sampling nationwide and interviewed by trained interviewers using structured questionnaire to collect information on general characteristics, use of plastics, dietary habits related with potential exposure to phthalates. Total 1,874 urine samples were collected and stored at -20℃ until measurement for 10 selected metabolites of phthalates using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Out of 10 metabolites, six ones were selected for further statistical analyses based on proportion of samples over LOQ (limit of quantification), i.e, MnBP, MiBP, MbZP, MeHP, MeOHP, and MeHHP. For each urinary levels (ug per gram creatinine), geometric mean and 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th were represented. Given the distribution of response variable deviates from normal distribution, log transformation was performed, and then tested for its statistical significance. Differences by selected variables were analyzed for statistical significance by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) adjusted for age, sex, income, and body mass index. [Results] Common phthalate metabolites included MnBP (GM=41.7, GSE=1.9), MeHHP (38.1, 1.9), MeOHP (17.5, 1.9), MiBP (17.0, 2.2), and MBzP (15.8, 2.8), whereas the proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20 for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. The levels for the six metabolites tended to be higher compared to those from the national survey in US (NHANES), and lower compared to those from the national survey in Germany (GerES4). Significant correlations between the six urinary metabolites were observed. Urinary level of phthalates were observed to be higher among subjects with older age, females, subjects with higher body mass index (BMI), and lower income.