발달지체 영아 조기개입의 시행 현황과 어려움 및 지원요구 : 5개 기관 유형 특수교사 면담을 중심으로

조윤경,김수진,송영희 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2017 특수교육 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the present implementation status, difficulties and support needs of early intervention for developmental delayed infants and toddlers by special educators' individual interviewing. Method: A total of five special educators who were working at five different types of early intervention institutions were interviewed. The results of the interviews were recorded for transcription and analysed using a consensual qualitative analysis method. Results: The results of the analysis revealed 12 themes and 55 sub-themes under three categories. Special educators replied that the diagnosis period was getting earlier, the number of developmental delayed infants and toddlers were increasing, and the contents and strategies of early intervention varied by types of facilities. The difficulties of functional assessment, IFSP implementation practices, family-centered approach, parents’ emotional problem and lack of parenting-role recognition, education opportunities of interventionist, multidisciplinary collaboration etc. were reported. Conclusion: This study suggested five desirable directions in establishing the implication frame of early intervention for special educators. 연구목적 : 본 연구는 발달지체 영아 조기개입 주요 제공자인 특수교사와의 면담을 통해 발달지체 영아 조기개입 시행 관련 현황과 어려움 및 지원요구를 찾아내고 이에 대한 해결방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 발달지체 영아 조기개입 제공기관을 5개 유형으로 분류하고, 각 기관마다 특수교사 1명을 연구참여자로 선정하여 총 5명의 특수교사와 개별면담을 실시하였고, 면담 내용은 질적 분석을 통해 3개의 범주 하에 총 12개의 주제와 55개 하위주제가 도출되었다. 연구결과 : 면담 내용 분석 결과, 첫째, 특수교사는 조기개입 대상 영아의 진단시기가 빨라지고, 그 수가 증가하고 있으며 조기개입의 내용과 방법은 각 기관유형별로 조금씩 다르게 진행되고 있다고 응답하였다. 특수교사는 가족기능 진단의 어려움, IFSP 실행지침의 부재, 가족중심 접근의 부족, 팀협력 체계 부족, 부모의 심리적 불안, 부모역할인식의 부족, IFSP 실행을 위한 전문지식과 사전교육의 부족, 제공인력의 부족, 다영역 전문가와의 협력의 부족 등을 조기개입에서의 주요 어려움으로 보고하였다. 셋째, 조기개입을 위해 부모심리정서지원, 가정 내 양육기술지원, 제공기관 확대, 제공자의 부모 지원 역량 강화, 현직연수, 조기개입 실행지침 제공, 다영역 전문가 배치, 가족중심 강화 등을 요구하였다. 결론 : 이러한 결과를 토대로 특수교사가 발달지체 영아 조기개입의 효과적 수행하기 위해 시급히 실현되어야 하는 주요 다섯 가지 주제를 중심으로 논의하였다.

브라켓 부착 시 실런트 레진이 법랑질 탈회에 미치는 영향

윤영아,조진형,이기헌 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구는 교정용 브라켓 부착 시 사용되는 접착제 중 two paste type 의 실런트 레진 적용이 법랑질 탈회에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 건전한 표면을 가진 발치된 소의 상악절치 48개를 실험재료로 하여 법랑질 처리 방법에 따라 4개 군으로 분류하고 각 군을 Phase Ⅱ^(?) (Reliance, Itasca, Ⅲ) 를 이용하여 치면처리 하였다. 대조군으로서 아무런 처리를 하지 않은 Group 1, 37% 인산으로 39초간 산부식을 시행한 Group 2, 산부식 후 실런트 A와 B를 동량으로 혼합하여 도포한 Group 3과 산부식 후 실런트를 도포하고 레진 페이스트 A와 B를 동량으로 혼합하여 도포한 Group 4로 분류하여 각 군을 인공탈회용액에서 탈회시킨 다음 공초점 레이저 주사현미경을 이용하여 각각의 탈회된 깊이를 측정한 후 비교한 결과, 탈회된 법랑질의 평균 깊이는 47.4 ㎛ (Group 1), 61.8 ㎛ (Group 2), 13.9 ㎛ (Group 3), 8.2 ㎛ (Group 4) 로 나타났다. 산부식 후 인공탈회용액에 노출되는 군(Group 2)은 산부식 없이 노출되는 군 (Group 1) 에 비해 탈회된 깊이가 더 깊은 것으로 나타났으며 (p <0.55), 실런트 레진을 도포한 군 (Group 3) 은 산부식 없이 노출되는 군 (Group 1) 이나 산부식 후 노출되는 군 (Group 2) 에 비해 탈회된 법랑질 깊이가 유의성 있게 감소하였다 (p <0.55). 접착레진으로 부착된 군 (Group 4) 은 법랑질 탈회가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과는 교정지료 시 법랑질 탈회 가능성을 줄이기 위해서 브라켓 부착 시 실런트 레진의 도포가 유용함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sealant resin on enamel demineralization in orthodontic bracket bonding. The forty eight extracted sound bovine teeth were subdivided into four groups and treated with Phase Ⅱ^(?) (Reliance, Itasca, Ⅲ) on the surface. Group 1 was not treated. Group 2 was acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds. Group 3 was applied with sealant after acid etching. Group 4 was applied with resin paste after acid etching and sealant application. Each group was demineralized in artificial caries solution. Demineralized enamel depth was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results were as follows: the mean demineralized enamel depth was 47.4 ㎛ (Group 1), 61.8 ㎛ (Group 2), 13.9 ㎛ (Group 3), 8.2 ㎛ (Group 4) the demineralized enamel depth was increased in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05) the demineralized enamel depth was reduced in Group 3 than in Group1 and Group 2 with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and demineralization in Group 4 was very little. The results of the present study indicate that sealant application is useful for reducing enamel demineralization in orthodontic bracket bonding.

자색고구마가 사염화탄소 투여에 의한 흰쥐의 간손상 보호에 미치는 영향

조영자,김현아,방미애,오용비,정병춘,문윤호,정우진 한국식생활문화학회 2003 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary purple sweet potato(lpomoea batatas) powder on serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and pretective effect on hepatotoxicity rats induced by carbon tetrachlolide. Four groups of rats (3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(C)_(1) induced hepatotoxicity rats fed control diet(EC)_(1) normal rats fed purple sweet potato diet(P), and induced hepatotoxicity rats fed purple potato sweet diet(EP). Rats were induced by single injection of 50% carbon tetrachloide(0.1 mL/100 g B.W., i.p.). The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks the rats were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver homogenates. But serum concentrations of lipid was not significant in all groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT/GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase(ALT/GPT)of the EC and EP groups were heigher than the C and P groups. The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G9Pase) activity of the group fed purple potato diet(P) was lower than the other groups(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities was not statistically different between the groups. Renal glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity of the EC and EP groups were lower than the C and P groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that purple sweet potato is believed to be possible protective effect on hepatotoxicity rats induced by carbon tetrachlolide.

Cyclic 활성슬러지 공정을 이용한 돈사폐수의 영양소 제거특성

조용진,임재명,이호식 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The cyclic activated sludge process is a modified activated sludge using the sequencing batch reactor(SBR) operation that can achieve the combination of carbon oxidation and nutrient removal. The operational characteristics of cyclic activated sludge process include a time-sequenced operation of anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic condition in a single reactor to achieve a maximum efficiency. The application of cyclic activated sludge process is, however, usually focused on the low strength wastewater including domestic sewage. As a result, limited attention has given to the high strength wastewater, especially for the piggery wastewater. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate an optimum operational cyclic to achieve combination of organic and nutrient removal using the piggery wastewater. The factors affecting inhibitory effects on nitrification during the cyclic operation is further determined. The result of this study, optimum operational cyclic of activated sludge process is 1hr : 2hr A/O(anoxic/oxic) ratio. Also, It was efficient that the SRT is operated more than 10 days and the specific nitrification rates were 0.04~0.24 ㎎N/gMv/hr at 20℃. Nitrification inhibition of piggery wastewater was found to occur at an influent volumetric loading over 0.3 NH₄-N ㎏/㎥/d. After a biological treatment, remaining phosphorus removal experiments were executed in oxidized ferrous column. As a result, the experiment showed the high density of variation in concentration by contact time on air. As for column aeration, completely phosphorus removal time was 25 minutes in contact time on air(20 hr) with aeration and 400 minutes(w/aeration) and 580 minutes(w/o aeration) in contact time on air(0 hr) respectively.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

단순추적법에 의한 태양전지의 특성평가

최연옥,서진연,조금배 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1997 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.19 No.2

The main problems in photovoltaic performance measurement arises from the fact that solar cells have a highly selective spectral response and are, therefore, very sensitive to the spectral composition of the incident radiation. Outdoors, this varies considerably with location, weather, time of year and time of day, Indoors, it depends on the type of simulator used and it can change as the equipment ages. Unless measurement procedures take account of these variations and other difficulties, such as the marked temperature dependence of solar cell, the results can be grossly erroneous. Performance rakings of the same module by laboratory have been know to disagree by as much as 20%.

태양광 발전시스템의 최대전력추적을 위한 DC/DC 컨버터 제어

최연옥,서진연,장용해,정삼용,조금배 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.2

Solar energy converters were used to convert the electrical energy from the solar arrays to a stable and reliable power source. The object of this paper is to analyze and design DC/DC converters of different types in a solar energy system in order to investigate the performance of the converters. A simple method which combines a discrete time control and a PI compensator is used to track the maximum power point of the solar array. The system is kept to operate close to MPPT's thus the maximum possible power transfer from the solar array is achieved. Experimental tests were carried out for buck, boost and buck-boost converters using a simple maximum power point tracking algorithm.

가변부하를 이용한 PV모듈의 시험회로 설계

최연옥,이열선,서진연,한승조,조금배 조선대학교 동력자원연구소 1997 動力資源硏究所誌 Vol.19 No.1

A complete computerized system for the characterization and performance testing of photovoltaics(PV) modules under natural sunlight and ambient condition was designed. I-V characteristics of PV module provides on essential diagnostic means in assessing the performance and internal cell parameters of PV module depends on its basic materials, manufacturing technology and operating environmental conditions. I-V curves derived from PV modules refect to a large extent the physical properties and their expected performance. In this paper, Electrical performance measurement and evaluation methods for solar cell module by MOSFET variable Load were studied. Also, Mathematical model and theory of solar cell associated with the photovoltaic effect has been discribed.

음식물 쓰레기 퇴비가 오이 발아와 유묘생장에 미치는 영향

박진영,조경철,김희경,지연태,정순주 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-

This study was conducted to find out toxicity of compost made of food waste to cucumber seed germination and seedlings growth when it was mixed with Mixlite for bed substrate. Mixlite was solely used as bed soil, or mixed with food waste compost ranging 1% to 100% (w/w). Germination percentage and seedling growth of cucumber were examined in 4 weeks after seedling. When cucumber seeds were sowed in Mixlite mixed with food waste compost at 100, 50, 30, 20, 10 or 1%, germination percentages were 30, 36, 38, 46, 74 and 84% compared to with control(100%), respectively. It showed that germination percentage percentage was adversely affected by the amount of food waste composed mixed in the bed substract. Plant height and hypocotyls diameter, root length and root fresh weight, hypocotyls fresh weight and cotyledon fresh weight of cucumber seedling were similarly adversely affected by the amount of food waste compost. Optimum content of the food waste compost for cucumber nursery substrate was found to be 1% of Mixlite.

결절성 황색종과 동반된 제 Ⅲ 형 과지질단백혈증 1예

김지현,김연진,김현주,조소연,황규광,함정희 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 2000 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.23 No.1

We report a case of type Ⅲ hyperlipoproteinemia associated with tuberous xanthoma, which is improved by treatment with lovastatin and bezafibrate. A 34-year-old female patient visited our clinic for evaluation of multiple yellowish-brown papulonodules on the kness, elbows and palms. Serum lipid examination showed an abnormal elevation of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Lipoprotein electrophoresis showed a single peak at pre-β and β portion without separation. The biopsh specimen from a nodule on the knee and a papule on the palm revealed characteristic findings of xanthoma. We diagnosed the case as type Ⅲ hyperlipoprotei-nemia. After 3 months of treatment with diet restriction, lovastatin and bezafibrate, the serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were reduced to normal level. The skin lesion of the palm showed complete regression and ones on both knees and elbows were moderate improvement.