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알칼리염과 니켈염의 혼합물을 촉매로 한 역청탄 촤의 수증기 가스화 반응특성
송병호,장용원,변윤섭 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.3
호주산 역청탄 촤의 수증기 가스화반응에서 알칼리염과 니켈금속염의 혼합물(K_2So_4=Ni(NO_3)_2)이 나타내는 촉매활성을 상압하의 열천칭반응기를 사용하여 온도 650-850℃ 범위에서 조사하였다. 알칼리염 촉매에 니켈금속염을 부가하면 가스화반응속도의 상승효과를 얻을 수 있는데, 반응온도가 낮을수록 그 효과가 크게 나타나 650 ℃에서 약 2배의 반응속도를 얻었다. 본 혼합물은 가스화반응에서 뛰어난 활성을 보이는 K_2CO_3의 활성에는 미치지는 못하지만 경제적인 촉매물질로서의 가능성을 보였다. 가스화반응에서 뛰어난 활성을 보이는 K_2CO_3의 활성에는 미치지는 못하지만 경제적인 촉매물질로서의 가능성을 보였다. 가스화반응의 kineic인자를 도출하기 위하여 여러 가지 기-고체 반응모델을 적용한 결과 화학반응 율속인 수축핵모델과 수정된 체적모델이 가스화반응의 거동을 잘묘사하였다. 역청탄의 촤-수증기 가스화반응의 겉보기 활성화에너지는 99kJ/mol로 얻어졌으며 혼합물촉매를 사용한 촉매가스화반응에서는 84kJ/mol이 얻어졌다. 촤-제조시의 열처리 온도가 가스화반응속도 및 촉매의 활성에 미치는 영향도 고려하였다. The catalytic actibityof a salt mixture of potassium sulfate and nikel nitrate on the steam gasification of a bituminous char at 650-850 ℃ has been measured in an atmosheric themobalance reactor. The mixture of K_2SO_4 and Ni(NO_3)_2 exhibits a synergic effect on the activity and the effect is more pronounced at low temperatures. Double the reaction rate could carbonate which is known to be one of the best catalysts in coal gasification, the mixture does nor reach that of potassium carbonate which is known to be one of the best catalysts in coal grasification, the mixture does not reach that of potassium carbonate which is known to be one of the best catalysts in coal grasification, the mixture seems to be an economically kinetic parameters, the shrinking core model in chemical reaction controlled regime and the modified volumetric model well describe the gasification behavior. The apparent activation energy of non-catalytic gasification was found to be the catalytic activity was also cinsidered.
여드름양 발진에서의 말라쎄지아 포자 검출 빈도에 관한 연구
박장규,이웅재,김연수,서영준,김경호,이증훈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2
Steroid acne and pityrosporum folliculitis have similar clinical manifestations. So it was not casy to do differential diagnosis of these two diseases. We have tried to find out the different points between these diseases in clinical characteristics, positive rate of the malassezia spores, and their response to antifungal agents. We studied 21 patients with acneiform eruptions which were distinct from acne vulgaris. Patients were divided into two groups by steroid treatment history. Among 21 patients, 6 were administered steroid just before eruption and 15 were free from steroid within 6 months. We have examined malassezia spores with 10% KOH/Parker blue black ink mount from papules, pustules and comedones according to the patients skin lesions. The malassezia spores detected in 5 paticnts(83.3%) in the former and 9 patients(60%) in the latter. In malassezia folliculitis, the frequency of which showed above the (3+) score of malassezia spore under microscopy was higher than in steroid acne. Mean duration of the disease was 70.4 weeks in latter group, which was longer than 5.2 weeks of the former group. And there were some differences between two groups in the distribution of the lesions. Mean treatment duration was same in two groups (4 wks, 3.5 wks). Steroid acne patients would be treated better with antifungal agents than with acne regimens.
김지연,권장혁,김경호,박기태 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 유치열기 부정교합의 진단자료로 사용할 수 있는 정상 계측치를 알아보는 것이다. 4세에서 6세 사이 유치열기 정상교합아동 32명의 측모두부방사선 계측사진 및 안모사진을 이용하여 악골 및 연조직의 전후방적, 수직적 관계를 분석하였다. 수평적인 골격성 계측항목 중 SNA는 83°,SNB는 78.72°,ANB는 5.28°를 나타내어 하악골이 상악골에 비해 후방에 위치하고 있었으며 수직적인 골격성 계측항목 중 Gonial angle은 127°를 나타내어 성인에 비하여 High angle pattern을 보였다. 연조직 분석에서는 성인에 비해 convex한 soft tissue profile이 관찰되었다. 치성 계측항목 중 U1 to SN은 91.04°, IMPA는 86.57°를 나타내어 성인에 비해 reteroclination된 상하악 유중절치가 관찰되었다. 정상교합아동의 골격성분석에서 여자가 남자에 비하여 평균 나이가 많음에도 불구하고 linear measurement는 전제적으로 남자가 여자보다 큰 수치를 보였다. The present study was designed to formulate cephalometric norms of normal occlusion for usage in orthodontic diagnosis of malocclusion in Korean children. Thirty two children, aged 4 to 6. with normal occlusion were chosen for this study. Sagittal and vertical relations were analyzed using lateral cephapogram and clinical photos and the measurements were compared with those of adults. On skeletal sagittal analysis, the mean values of the SNA and SNB angles were 83°and 78.72°. It showed that the mandible was retrognathic and retropositioned in comparison to those angle pattern in children and reduction of gonial angle due to counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. On dental analysis. the mean values of the U1 to SN and IMPA were 91.04° and 86.57°, This showed retroclined upper and lower deciduous teeth in comparison to adults. For values. the linear values were generally greater in males than females.
최윤선,김장욱,신승욱,이영미,이태호,홍명호 가톨릭대학교 가톨릭대학교 간호대학 호스피스 교육연구소 1998 호스피스논집 Vol.3 No.-
Background : Nowadays, it is possible to prolong the life. And to improve the quality of life of the dying patients, they need to receive not only the physical, pscychological, social and spiritual care but also comprehensive and continuous care. Also, doctors have to consider many ethical issues especially in the dying patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the doctors' attitude of those ethical issues and emphasize the importance of hospice. Methods : During September 1996, doctors who worked for a university hospital participated in this study by responding to the pre-made questionnaire. It dealt with the most suffering pain, the preferred death place, the use of life maintaining equipments, the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) to terminal patients and the doctors' experience and attitude euthanasia. Results : ① The most suffering symptom in dying patients was pain(60.0%). ② The death place was recommended by doctors was home(58.8%) and hospital (15.4%) in order. ③ 56.9% of doctors answered 'the life maintaining equipments isn't needed', 29.2% of doctors answered' according to the case', and 'needed' was 12.3%. ④ The application of CPR to the terminal patients, without the DNR chart, the only 15.4% of doctors answered "Do not CPR." But with the DNR chart, the percents of 'Do not CPR' was increased to 69.2%. The resident group did more CPR than specialist group(p<0.01). ⑤ The 50.8% of doctors agreed with the passive euthanasia. Conclusions : Many doctors follow the family member's opinion in the ethical issues of the dying patients. Euthanasia is forbidden by the law in Korea, but many doctors agree with the passive euthanasia. Hospice can solve the debating ethical issues including the euthanasia.