정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Analysis of Pattern Generalization Problems of Korean Mathematics Textbook

Lee,Chong Hee,Lee,Soo Youn 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2013 교과교육학연구 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study is to better understand the pattern generalization problems posed in the current school curricula of Korea. Twelve of most recently published elementary school (1st to 6th grade) mathematics textbooks and twelve Middle school (7th to 9th grade) mathematics textbooks (a total of 24 mathematic textbooks) were selected for the analysis. First, the different types and characteristics of pattern generalization problems based on previous research were categorized. Within these categories, we analyzed which pattern problems were emphasized in the school curriculum. The results indicate that ‘relating problems’ were mainly introduced in elementary school textbooks. ‘Searching for the same relationship’ and ‘procedure problems’ increased across the grades. ‘Pattern searching problems’ decreased across the grades, while ‘result searching’ and ‘pattern extension problems’ were rarely introduced. ‘Justification problems’ were inconsistently emphasized across the grades. With respect to the situational characteristics of the pattern generalization problems, ‘factual pattern generalization problems’ were consistently introduced across the grades, while ‘contextual pattern generalization problems’ and ‘symbolic pattern generalization problems’ were introduced only to a limited extent. Regarding the various types of pattern problems, only limited types of problems were proposed in both the elementary and middle school mathematic textbooks. From this study, we hope to address how the pattern generalization problems in the Korean mathematics curriculum lack pattern exercises in the curriculum core. We also hope to provide data which could lead to the development of a variety of pattern generalization problems in Korean mathematics textbooks in the future.

크롬(Ⅵ)의 체내 흡수와 소실속도에 관한 연구

김현영,이성배,임철홍,이권섭,정용현,이종성,한정희,전윤석,황호순,이용묵 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The CrO3 mostly used in plating. metal surface disposal, leather, cosmetic manufacturing, as an experiment material by repeatedly inhaling and exposure the male S.D. rats at a 0.00, 0.2., 0.50, 1.25 mg/㎡ concentration(particle size: 0.5-0.5 aerosol)6hours a day, 5day a week in 13weeks comparing with 2weeks, 8weeks of recovery group about the noxiousness of the experiment animal and the reduce scale of the CrO3 in the internal organ especially in blook and respiratory organ with the period of convalescent and clearance. The experiment results which we received are as follows. 1. In blood the RBC, HGB and HCT experiment, rats with 0.20, 0.50 mg/㎡ concentration showed that there were some decreases but not dependent. The kidneys absolute weight compared with control group was reduced intentionally(p〈0.05) and the lungs absolute weight compared with control group showed intentional increase(p〉0.05). 2. After the exposure of the experiment material, the whole blook, l\blood plasma and red blood cell in blood by (x): the period of convalescent, per (y); the decreasing of Cr concentration, was y=66.51 e -0.057x, y=67.2 e-0.101x, y=70.01 e-0.030 in 0.50 mg/㎡ exposure concentration by calculating the clearance coefficient of correlation, and the half life (day)was estimated 12.0, 6086, 23.0 each. 3, After the exposure of the experiment material, the experiment animals lung, liver and kidneys by(x); the period of convalescent, per (y); the decreasing of Cr conentration, was y=1808 e-0.00493x, y=12.02e-0.0297x, y=67.61 e-0.0292x in 0.50mg/㎡ exposure concentration by calculating the clearance coefficient of correlation, and the half life(day)was estimated 140.6, 23.3, 23.7, each, and including lung, liver with all of the experiment internal organs, the Cr clearance decreased as the exposure concentration increased.

여름 캠프활동에 관한 연구 : 서울여대 부속유치원 여름 캠프활동을 중심으로

민행난;최윤선;최인경;민혜원;임양선;이윤희;이상희 서울여자대학교 1998 아동연구 Vol.3 No.-

[초록없음]

학교평생교육에 대한 현직교사의 인식 조사 연구 : 서울시 초등학교 교사를 중심으로

전주성,유은수,한수연,이현주,임희연,이희송 한국성인교육학회 2007 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.10 No.3

SD Rats를 이용 1-hexene의 흡입독성 연구

김현영,임철홍,정용현,이권섭,이성배,이준연,한정희,전윤석,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute (4 hours) and repeated-dose (6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 4 weeks) toxic effects of I -hexene on Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats which were treated by inhalation. The results were as follows; I. The median lethal concentration (LC_(50)) was estimated 52,694 ppm (confidence limit 95%; 49,494~55,447 ppm) in acute inhalation. Abnormal clinical signs related to the l-Hexene were not observed with the acute inhalation dose. Gross findings of necropsy revealed on evidence of specific toxicity related to the 1-hexene, II. By repeated inhalation exposure the body weight of male were more or less reduced by the dose of 2,500 ppm and 5,000 ppm compared with control group. However there were no significant variation hematology and blood biochemistry for the exposed rats compared with the control rats. Abnormal clinical signs and gross findings of necropsy related to the 1-hexene were not shown. In conclusion when we exposed I-hexene to SD rats for 4 weeks, 5 days per week, 6 hours per day, the Lowest observed effect level (LOEL) was over 2,500 ppm and Non observed effect level (NOEL) was below 500 ppm.

올리브 잎 분획물의 항균활성 및 아질산염 소거능

이옥환,이희봉,손종연 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was performed to provide basic physiological activities data to predict the usefulness of olive leaves as a food material. Total flavonoid and total phenol contents of 80% ethanol extract of olive leaf were 5.81% and 14.8%, respectively. Total flavonoid and total phenol contents were markedly higher in butanol and ethyl acetate fractions than in hexane, chloroform, and water fractions (p〈0.05). Oleuropein in olive leaf was the major phenolic compound. The oleuropein contents of 80% ethanol extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of olive leaf were 102.11±0.02, 173.35±0.03 and 152.71±0.03㎎/100g, respectively. The 80% ethanol extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of olive leaf showed a growth inhibitory effect to Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis, whereas antimicrobial activities of hexane and chloroform fractions were not observed. The inhibitory activity to ACE was determined to be very weekly positive in 80% ethanol extract and all fractions of olive leaf. The nitrite-scavenging ability of 80% ethanol extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of olive leaf were 72.8%, 76.0% and 75.4%, respectively. Significant evidence was detected that the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed higher activity than that of hexane, chloroform, and water fractions(p〈0.05).

구멍이 있는 공작물의 가공시 형상특성

이종선,원종진,안운상,홍석주,윤희중 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.5

This study is to investigate the characteristics of the surface around a hole and outlet of product which are manufactured by face mill or end mill cutting with a hole or a pocket in its surface. Furthermore, experiments for optimization of process conditions to minimize the change of characteristics of milling cut surface after a hole cutting operation are implemented. This result is apply manufacture of mold products and metal products by diecasting.

Back Propagation 알고리즘을 이용한 산업용 로봇의 견실제어

윤주식,이희섭,윤대식,한성현 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Neural networks are works are used in the framework of sensor based tracking control of robot manipulators. They learn by practice movements the relationship between PSD(an analog Position Sensitive Detector) sensor readings for target positions and the joint commands to reach them. Using this configuration, the system can track or follow a moving or stationary object in real time. Furthermore, an efficient neural network architecture has been developed for real time learning. This network uses multiple sets of simple back propagation networks one of which is selected according to which division(corresponding to a cluster of the self-organizing feature map) in data space the current input data belongs to. This lends itself to a very training and processing implementation required for real time control.

발전기 고정자 권선용 마이카/에폭시 수지의 표면 및 구조분석

이상교,심재선,정의남,송우창,박하용,심상흥,임윤희,박종국,심낙순 三陟大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this study is to determine the ageing mechanism of Mica/Epoxy composite material for large generator stator windings in order to estimate remaining life of generator. X-ray analysis is performed to investigate the position and structure of mica crystal in insulation materials. The phase change of aged and sound specimen under each atmosphere isn't observed. Surface analysis of insulation materials by optical microscope also show that the sound and aged specimen, sliding phenomenon by shear and thermal stress is observed both interface between mica and epoxy.