성폭력 피해자 조사면담용 인공지능 챗봇 개발과 형사정책적 함의

조은경(Jo, Eunkyung),양기주(Yang, Gijoo),윤여훈(Yoon, Yeohoon),이윤정(Lee, Yoonjung),문혜민(Moon, Hyemin) 한국형사정책학회 2022 刑事政策 Vol.34 No.1

대면조사가 어려운 취약한 피해자로부터 양질의 진술을 획득하고 2차 피해 가능성을 최소화하기 위해 면담 챗봇 개발이 최근에 주목받고 있다. 이 논문에서는 수사실무에서 권장되는 바람직한 성폭력 피해자 면담 원리를 구현하기 위해 자연어처리(NLP) 목적 지향 대화 시스템을 적용한 국내 연구 개발 사례를 소개하였다. 챗봇은성폭력 범죄 구성요건 분류체계를 토대로 피해자 진술 녹취록을 코딩하여 데이터를구축하였다. 한국어로 커스터마이징된 Rasa 프로그램을 이용하여 NICHD 면담기법 기반 스토리라인을 적용한 대화형 챗봇을 구축 사례를 소개하였다. 향후 기술적인 제한점을 극복하고 챗봇 개발에 성공할 경우, 챗봇에 의해 획득된 피해자 진술의법적 지위와 진술의 임의성 등 형사정책적 함의를 다각적으로 논의하였다. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a case of artificial intelligence chatbot system development for sexual violence victim interview and to discuss its implications for the criminal justice policy. The chatbot is expected to collect voluntary statements from sexual violence victims who are unwilling or unable to report details and to reduce possible secondary victimization arising from the interactions with human investigators. The chatbot currently being developed is utilizing the NLP task-oriented dialogue system and the principles of NICHD protocol which was developed for interviewing children and vulnerable witnesses. Implications for the potential legal status of the chatbot as inverviewer and chatbot-obtained victim statements are discussed.

PCL-R과 KORAS-G를 활용한 재판 전 재범위험성 정보제공이 일반인의 유죄 편향에 미치는 영향

이윤정(Lee Yoonjung),조은경(Jo Eunkyung) 한국형사정책학회 2020 刑事政策 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 판결전 조사에서 사이코패시 수준을 측정하는 PCL-R과 폭력 재범위험성을 측정하는 KORAS-G의 결과가 피고인에 대한 유죄 편향을 초래하는지를 실증적으로 확인하고, 이러한 편향이 두 검사 결과의 유형과 두드러진 PCL-R 하위요인특성에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는지 검증하였다. 본 연구는 대학생들 총 144명(남성47명, 여성 67명)을 대상으로 하여 2(위험성 평가결과; PCL-R(상)&KORAS-G(하) vs. PCL-R(하)&KORAS-G(상x2(두드러진 PCL-R요인; 요인1-대인관계/정서 vs. 요인2-사회적 일탈행위) 참가자간 설계로 실시되었다. 연구 결과, 양 도구들은 모두 같은 정도로 유죄 편향을 초래하는 것으로 나타났으며, 피고인에게 PCL-R의 요인 2(사회적 일탈행위)보다 요인1(대인관계/정서)이 부각된 경우 더 강한 유죄 편향을 보였다. 특히, KORAS-G에 의한 위험 등급이 높고 피고인에게 PCL-R 요인1이 두드러진 경우에 유죄 편향이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 재판 전 피고인에 대한 재범위험성 평가가 유죄 편향을 일으킨다는 점에서 일원적 공판구조 상 책임주의와 무죄추정의 원칙에 위반할 소지가 있다는 것을 지적하고, 타당한 도구와 적정한 시기에 의한 재범위험성 판단의 필요성을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not pre-trial risk assessment results performed by PCL-R and KORAS-G cause conviction bias against defendant and particularly to scrutinize if this tendency varies depending on the risk levels and PCL-R subfactors. 114 college students(47 males, 67 females) participated in a 2(type of risk assessment result : PCL-R(high) - KORAS-G (low) vs. PCL-R(low) - KORAS-G(high) x 2(salient PCL-R factors; Factor1(interpersonal/affect) vs. Factor2(antisocial behavior)) between-subjects design experiment. As results, PCL-R and KORAS-G appeared to a render similar influence on the conviction tendency against a murder case defendant. Factor 1 of PCL-R compared to Factor 2 led more guilty judgment. When the risk level was high by KORAS-G and low by PCL-R, then Interpersonal/ Affective aspects(Factor1) had a stronger influence than Antisocial Behavior (Factor2) on guilty decision. This study showed that pre-trial risk assessment information cause conviction bias which is against the principle of presumption of innocence. The need for a proper risk assessment system in the Korean criminal justice procedure is discussed.

Titanium Dioxide/UV Photocatalytic Disinfection in Fresh Carrots

CHO, MIHEE,CHOI, YOONJUNG,PARK, HYOJIN,KIM, KWANSIK,WOO, GUN-JO,PARK, JIYONG ational Association for Food Protection 2007 Journal of food protection Vol.70 No.1

<P>Increased occurrences of fresh produce-related outbreaks of foodborne illness have focused attention on effective washing processes for fruits and vegetables. A titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic reaction under UV radiation provides a high rate of disinfection. The photo-killing effects of TiO2 on bacteria in liquid cultures under experimental conditions have been widely studied. However, the disinfection effects of the TiO2 photocatalytic reaction on fresh vegetables during a washing process have not been evaluated. Our objectives were to design a pilot-scale TiO2/UV photocatalytic reactor for fresh carrots and to compare the bactericidal effects of the TiO2/UV reaction against bacteria in liquid media and on carrots. TiO2/UV photocatalytic reactions for 40, 60, and 30 s were required for the complete killing of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus (initial counts of approximately 6.7 log CFU/ml), respectively. The counts of total aerobic bacteria in fresh carrots and foodborne pathogenic bacteria in inoculated carrots were also measured. Counts of total aerobic bacteria were reduced by 1.8 log CFU/g after TiO2/UV photocatalytic disinfection for 20 min compared with a 1.1-log CFU/g reduction by UV alone. E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and B. cereus (8 log CFU/ml) were inoculated onto carrots, and the number of surviving bacteria in carrots was determined after treatment. The TiO2/UV treatment exhibited 2.1-, 2.3-, and 1.8-log CFU/g reductions in the counts of E. coli, Salmonella, Typhimurium, and B. cereus, respectively, compared with 1.3-, 1.2-, and 1.2-log CFU/g reductions by UV alone. The TiO2/UV photocatalyst reaction showed significant bactericidal effects, indicating that this process is applicable to nonthermal disinfection of fresh vegetables.</P>

Feasibility and Clinical Outcomes of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Patients with Traumatic Shock: A Single-Center 5-Year Experience

Lee Gyeongho,Kim Dong Hun,Ma Dae Sung,Lee Seok Won,Heo Yoonjung,Jo Hancheol,Chang Sung Wook 대한흉부외과학회 2023 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.56 No.2

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has recently gained popularity as an adjunct to resuscitation of patients with traumatic shock. However, the effectiveness of REBOA is still debated because of inconsistent indications across centers and the lack of medical records. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of REBOA by analyzing clinical results from a single center. Methods: This study included 96 patients who underwent REBOA between August 2016 and September 2021 at a regional trauma center according to the center’s treatment algorithm for traumatic shock. Medical records, including the time of the decision to conduct the REBOA procedure, time of operation, type of aortic occlusion, and clinical outcomes, were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified by REBOA protocol (group 1, 2, or 3) and survival status (survivor or non-survivor) for analysis. Results: The overall success rate of the procedure was 97.9%, and the survival rate was 32.6%. In survivors, blood pressure was higher than in non-survivors both before the REBOA procedure (p=0.002) and after aortic occlusion (p=0.03). The total aortic occlusion time was significantly shorter (p=0.001) and the proportion of partial aortic occlusion was significantly higher (p=0.014) among the survivors. The non-survivors had more acidosis (p<0.001) and higher lactate concentrations (p<0.001) than the survivors. Conclusion: REBOA may be a feasible bridge therapy for resuscitation of patients with traumatic shock. Prompt and accurate decision-making to perform REBOA followed by damage control surgery could improve survival rates and clinical outcomes.

Inactivation of Sirtuin2 protects mice from acetaminophen-induced liver injury: possible involvement of ER stress and S6K1 activation

( Da Hyun Lee ),( Buhyun Lee ),( Jeong Su Park ),( Yu Seol Lee ),( Jin Hee Kim ),( Yejin Cho ),( Yoonjung Jo ),( Hyun-seok Kim ),( Yong-ho Lee ),( Ki Taek Nam ),( Soo Han Bae ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.3

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial damage and subsequent necrosis in hepatocytes. Sirtuin2 (Sirt2) is an NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase that regulates several biological processes, including hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as inflammatory pathways. We show that APAP decreases the expression of Sirt2. Moreover, the ablation of Sirt2 attenuates APAP-induced liver injuries, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in hepatocytes. We found that Sirt2 deficiency alleviates the APAP-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and phosphorylation of the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). Moreover, Sirt2 interacts with and deacetylates S6K1, followed by S6K1 phosphorylation induction. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of Sirt2 inactivation in APAP-induced liver injuries. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(3): 190-195]