Effects of active drinking practices on fluid consumption and sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment

( Youn Sun Son ),( Bong Yeon Hwang ),( Dae Taek Lee ),( Yoon Jung Bae ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Youn Sun Son, Bong Yeon Hwang, Dae Taek Lee and Yoon Jung Bae. Effects of active drinking practices on fluid consumptionand sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.215-223, 2014 [Purpose]To examine the effectsof active drinking practices on fluid consumption and sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment. [Methods]Nine mencompleted two experiments. Each consisted of 3 phases: pre-testing (pre), training period, and post-testing (post). During testing,the subjects ran on a treadmill at a moderate intensity for 90 min at 39 ± 1℃ followed by a 3-h recovery. They drank ad libitum. During training, they ran for 90 min for 7 days while either drinking actively (AH, 150% of weight loss) or passively (PH,50% of weight loss). [Results]The actual volume consumed in training was three times greater during AH than during PH. Inpost during AH, the volume of drinking was two times greater than pre (1592 ± 953 and 855 ± 551 mL, respectively; p < 0.05). No difference in volume consumption during PH between pre and post was found. The sweat loss during exercise was greaterin post (1377 ± 956 mL) than in pre (558 ± 642 mL) during AH (p < 0.05), but not during PH. Rectal temperature and heartrate decreased after training. Serum osmolality following exercise were not different than the baseline or between the conditions. [Conclusion]Active drinking practices while exercising in a hot environment induced greater voluntary fluid intake and sweatloss. [Keyword]voluntary intake, rehydration, thermoregulation.

ANALYSIS OF FIRE CHARACTERISTICS IN APARTMENT BUILDING THROUGH FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT AND ZONE MODEL SIMULATION

Yoon,Myong-O,Park,Jin-Kook,Kim,Choong-Ik,Ryou,Hong-Sun,Kim,Jin-Gon,Kim,Myung-Bae,Choi,Jun-Seok,Kim,Kwang-Il 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Fire characteristics of a typical apartment building in Korea was studied through full scale experiment and zone model simulation. The fire was ignited at the living room and allowed to spread to other parts of a single unit in a five storied apartment building. Various data including temperatures, species concentrations, and images were collected in the experiment. A zone model(CFAST) was used to analyze the same apartment building that represents the average households in Korea. The results were compared with a full scale experiments. While CFAST allows one compartment involved with fire, the experiment allowed the fire to spread to other compartments. Therefore, the comparison between experimental data and Zone-Model data is valid until the living-room fire spread to other parts of the apartment. Flashover occurred at approximately 380 seconds in a fire experiment, and at approximately 420 seconds in Zone-Model. Based on all of data between experimental data and Zone-Model data, it is concluded that the safe escape time is about 250 seconds.

천연자원의 간기능 보호 효과에 관한 연구 : Benzo(a)pyrene에 의한 간기능 장해에 미치는 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis)의 영향 The Effect of Scutellariae Radix on the Benzo(a)pyrene-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

윤수홍,조수열,배선희,박상학 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1991 환경위생연구 Vol.1 No.1

환경 중의 어디에나 분포하여 인체에 발암작용을 일으키는 대표적인 약물 benzo(a)pyrene를직접 경구투여하고.동시에 간보호물질로서 황금을 전처리 투여하여 그 독성 및 손상 회복호과를 혈청 및 간에서의 효소활성을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 황금 수용액의 전처리로 혈칭에서 LDH, AST 및 ALT활성은 beozo(a)pyrene단독투여군에비하여 감소하였으며 ALT는 2,4주째에 유의성 있는 감소를 보였으나 ALP활성은 전 실험군과 시간경과사이에 별다른 유의성이 없었다. 2. 간장의 LDH, ALP, ALT, AST의 효소활성은 황금수용액의 투여로 benzo(a)pyrene 단독투여군에 비해 유의성 있는 회복을 보였으며 LDH의 경우는 2, 3, 4주에 매우 큰 효과를얻었으며 ALP의 경우 4주째에서 유의성 있게 회복되는 경향을 보였다. This study was conducted in an attempt to investigate the effectsof Scutellariae Radix on the activities of serum and liver enzyme and to evaluatethe utility of Scultellariae Radix as a hepatotropic agents in liver disease The results were as follows ; 1. Significantly increased enzyme activity was noted in benzo(a)pyrene-intoxica-ted rats. 2. Scutellariae Radix administration prevented the leackage of LDH, ALP, ALTand AST in serum. 3. Scutellariae Radix administration did not affect on the serum ALP activity. 4. The B(a) P induced liver toxicity was significantly decreased in ScutellariaeRadfx administration.

승모판대치술후 도플러 심초음피를 이용한 인공 판막의 종류에 따른 최대혈류속도와 평균혈류속도에 관한 연구

박선우,김권배,김윤년,김기식 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1988 계명의대학술지 Vol.7 No.2

The conventional non-invasive and invasive technique have limitations in evaluating cardiac prosthetic valves and artificial valves. We have used continuous wave Doppler echocardiography to evaluate 48 patients with tissue and mechanical mitral valves implanted within 4 months prior to examination. The results are as follows. 1) Of these patients, male are 28. The mean ages of male are 35.60 (yr) and female are 41.82. 2) The differences of peak and mean velocities of prosthetic acardiac valves between male and female are not significant, but the differences of valvular size between male and female are significant(male:31.00±1.30(mm), female:29.36±2.11, p<0.01). 3) The difference of size and flow velocities between mechanical (Edwards-Duromedics) and tissue(Ionescue-Shiley) valves are not significant, but the ages of patients with mechanical valves are significantly lower than tissue valves(mechanical valve; 34.05±11.28, tissue valve; 43.62±11.26, p<0.01). 4) The differences of flow velocities between mechanical and tissue valves, sizes of which are 31mm, are significant statistically (peak velocity; 130.15±24.59 vs 110.00±19.41, mean velocity; 74.49±23.14 vs 51.38±12.71, p<0.01). 5) The sizes of valves are larger, the peak and mean velocities are lower, but it is not significant statistically. The results indicated that Doppler echocardiography is a useful method for evaluating function of prosthetic valves.

기왕 제왕절개 반흔 부위에 착상한 자궁외 임신의 보존적 치료 3례

박선영,박혜인,김윤숙,김종수,최승도,선우재근,배동한 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

In past decade, ectopic pregnancy developing in the previous cesarean section scar has been the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy and very dangerous because of the risk of uterine rupture and hemorrhage. These pregnancies once carried a maternal mortality rate of 40% to 45%, and until recent years they usually resulted in abdominal hysterectomy as a life-saving procedure. However, increased awareness of the importance of preserving childbearing capacity has led to several successful attempts at conservative management that include intraamniotic and systemic methotrexate administration, suction curettage followed by insertion of an intracervical 30-mL Foley catheter ballooning and angiographic artery embolization. We present three cases of ectopic pregnancy developing in the previous cesarean section scar in which successfully treated with conservative management.

주거지역 오수발생 특성 및 원단위 산정

박철휘,양경수,배윤선 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quantity of discharged sewage unit loading factor and the quality of various pollutants in domestic (detached house and apartment) and commercial site. Measurement were worked at Bucheon and Seogwipo city. One was selected because it was a developed lately community, the other was chosen because it was constructed for long period from 1973 to 1992. The sewage was sampled every two hours a day for a week per each season. Data for the quantity of used water, the number of population and areas were also investigated. The result of the study were as follows; (1) The average unit water use flowrate were 215.7l pcd for detached house, 200.6l pcd for apartment, 8.9l/㎡/d for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 212.5l pcd for detached house, 187.7l pcd for apartment, 9.7l/㎡/d for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (2) The average unit discharged sewage flowrate were 179.7l pcd for detached house, 187.4l pcd for apartment, 8.1l/㎡/d for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 159.4l pcd for detached house, 153.1l pcd for apartment, 5.6l/㎡ /d for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (3) The conversion ratio from water to sewage were 83.4% for detached house, 93.4% for apartment, 91.8% for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 75.0% for detached house, 82.2% for apartment, 57.5% for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (4) The average unitloading factor of pollutant were COD_cr 44.4 gpcd, BOD_5 23.3 gpcd, SS 14.3 gpcd, T-N 6.7 gpcd, T-P 0.8 gpcd for detached house, COD_cr 62.1 gpcd, BOD_5 29.5 gpcd, SS 21.4 gpcd, T-N 7.0 gpcd, T-P 0.8 gpcd for apartment. (5) The maximum sewage generation based on factors (water supply, running rate, valid water rate and etc.) could be predicted and compared with survey data.

방사선조사와 Paclitaxel의 병합요법에 의한 신내막 과증식억제

장기육,승기배,강동헌,임상현,정해억,임효영,김태균,김연실,채장성,김재형,홍순조,윤세철,최규보 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.6

Development of a Simple and Effective Water Disinfection System Using an Electrochemical Mixed Oxidants-Generating System to Remove Waterborne Pathogens in Developing Countries

Kyung-Sun Bae(Kyung-Sun Bae),Ji-Ye Kim(Ji-Ye Kim),Je-Yong Yoon(Je-Yong Yoon),Gwy-Am Shin(Gwy-Am Shin) 적정기술학회 2023 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.9 No.3

Despite tremendous efforts from various international agencies such as World Health Organization (WHO), waterborne diseases are a still major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world – with more than 1 billion incidences and more than 2 million deaths per year. As an effort to mitigate this global burden, we developed a water disinfection system using electrochemical mixed oxidants-generating system. This system is simple, inexpensive, and easy to use. In this study, we determined the effectiveness of the new water disinfection system against waterborne pathogens using Escherichia coli CN13, bacteriophage MS2 and Bacillus subtilis spores as bacterial, viral, and protozoa indicator organisms, respectively. The results of this study showed that the new water disinfection system is very effective against E. coli CN13 (~3 log10 inactivation within 3 minutes with 0.3 mg/L of free chlorine) and coliphage MS2 (> 4 log10 inactivation within 3 minutes with 0.5 mg/L of free chlorine) Although the inactivation of B. subtilis spores by the new disinfection system was somewhat slow (~0.5 log10 inactivation in 60 minutes with 10 mg/L of free chlorine), the result is similar to previous studies with free chlorine. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the new water disinfection system using an electrochemical mixed oxidants-generating system is easy to use, convenient to carry, and also very effective against most waterborne pathogens, so it could be a sustainable solution for providing safe drinking water to the people in developing countries.

Nitrogen-rich two-dimensional porous polybenzimidazole network as a durable metal-free electrocatalyst for a cobalt reduction reaction in organic dye-sensitized solar cells

Bae, Seo-Yoon,Kweon, Do Hyung,Mahmood, Javeed,Kim, Min-Jung,Yu, Soo-Young,Jung, Sun-Min,Shin, Sun-Hee,Ju, Myung Jong,Baek, Jong-Beom unknown 2017 Nano energy Vol.34 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen-enriched two-dimensional (2D) porous polybenzimidazole (2D-HPBI) network was synthesized from the reaction between 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene (TAB) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTA) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) medium. Interestingly, the remnant terminal groups such as amine and carboxyl groups at the periphery of 2D-HPBI were selectively stripped off by heat-treatment at 470°C. The resultant heat-treated 2D-HPBI (HT-HPBI) displayed substantially improved electrical conductivity and thus outstanding performance as the counter electrode (CE) for the cobalt reduction reaction (CRR) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The charge-transfer resistance (<I>R</I> <SUB>ct</SUB>=0.51Ωcm<SUP>2</SUP>) at the HT-HPBI-CE/electrolyte interface was even lower than that of Pt-CE (1.09Ωcm<SUP>2</SUP>). More importantly, HT-HPBI-based CE showed near “zero” loss of electrochemical stability (1/<I>R</I> <SUB>ct</SUB>) even after 1000 potential cycles, while the 1/<I>R</I> <SUB>ct</SUB> of Pt decreased to <10% that of a fresh cell.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nitrogen-enriched two-dimensional (2D) porous polybenzimidazole (2D-HPBI) was synthesized. </LI> <LI> To enrich nitrogen content, the periphery groups of 2D-HPBI were selectively removed by heat-treatment. </LI> <LI> The heat-treated 2D-HPBI (HT-HPBI) displayed outstanding DSSC performance. </LI> <LI> HT-HPBI-based CE showed near “zero” loss of electrochemical stability after 1000 potential cycles. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Heat-treated two-dimensional (2D) holey polybenzimidazole (HPBI) network, a nitrogen enriched network polymer, displayed outstanding electrocatalytic performance with almost “zero” loss of electrochemical stability even after 1000 potential CV cycles, while the Pt decreased to <10% that of a fresh cell for the cobalt reduction reaction (CRR) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 epimers after oral administration of BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract, in rats

Bae, Soo Hyeon,Park, Jung Bae,Zheng, Yu Fen,Jang, Min Jung,Kim, Sun Ok,Kim, Jeom Yong,Yoo, Young Hyo,Yoon, Kee Dong,Oh, Euichaul,Bae, Soo Kyung Taylor & Francis 2014 Xenobiotica Vol.44 No.12

<P><OL><LI><P>BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract containing a high concentration of racemic Rh2 and Rg3 mixtures, is being developed for supportive care use in cancer patients in Korea. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of BST204 in rats.</P></LI><LI><P>After oral administration of BST204, only the <I>S</I> epimers, S-Rh2 and S-Rg3, could be determined in rat plasma. The poor absorption of the <I>R</I>-epimers, R-Rh2 and R-Rg3, may be attributed to lower membrane permeability and extensive intestinal oxygenation and/or deglycosylation into metabolites. The AUC and <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> values of both S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 after BST204 oral administration were proportional to the administered BST204 doses ranged from 400 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg, which suggested linear pharmacokinetic properties.</P></LI><LI><P>There were no statistically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 after oral administration of pure S-Rh2 (31.5 mg/kg) and S-Rg3 (68 mg/kg) compared with oral administration of BST204, 1000 mg/kg. These indicated that the presence of other components of BST204 extract did not influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of S-Rh2 and S-Rg3.</P></LI><LI><P>After oral dosing of BST204, S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 were distributed mainly to the liver and gastrointestinal tract in rats.</P></LI><LI><P>Our finding may help to understand pharmacokinetic characteristics of S-Rh2, R-Rh2, S-Rg3, and R-Rg3, comprehensively, and provide useful information in clinical application of BST204.</P></LI></OL></P>