Linear Combination Analysis Using GPS Data

Park, Woon-Yong,Lee, Dong-Rak,Back, Ki-Suk,Hong, Jung-Soo 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2005 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.2

We can process and compute the position, velocity and time by satellite signals of GPS. The signals are used to compute positioning of three dimensions and timing offset of the receiver clock when we can track the tour satellite signals at least. One of the specified aims is to use less expensive single frequency code/carrier phase GPS receivers, which are typically around half the price of dual frequency receivers. In the study, the author analyzed the accuracy and applicability of frequence linear combination using triangulation points evaluated distance limitation.

위암과 식도암이 병발된 다발성 원발성 악성종양 1예

박사영,이나영,이효진,이선영,최진혁,이순남,심강섭,성순희,한운섭 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1996 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.19 No.3

Multiple primary cancer means that more that two cancers occur independently in an individual. Recently, the incidence of multiple primary cancer has increased with lengthened survival, of cancer patients, development of new diagnostic technique and increased clinical evaluation. We report a patient who had adenocarcinoma of stomach combined with squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus simultaneously.

한국재래흑염소에서 발정 및 과배란 유도와 외래유전자 주입에 적합한 1세포기 수정란의 채취

신상태,이두환,김명철,이운규,이철상,한용만,이경광 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1998 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Three different treatments for induction of estrus in Korean native black goats were compared: follicle stimulating hormone(FSH, FSH-p^TM), FSH combined with MAP(intravaginal impregnated sponges, Veramix^ⓡ, containing 60 ㎎ medroxy progesterone acetate for 14 days), and FSH combined with progesterone(Ovaron^ⓡ, 10 ㎎ IM for 10 days) and PGF_2α(Lutalyse^ⓡ, 3 ㎎ IM at first FSH injection). FSH for inducing estrus and superovulation was given a total 20 ㎎ intramuscularilly in decreasing dosage injections twice daily over 4 days. The MAPs were withdrawn at the 3rd day of FSH injection. Estrus observations were conducted every 6 hours from last FSH injection for 24 hours by placing the does with fertile male goats. Estrus and superovulation were more successfully induced with treatment of MAP + FSH than other treatments(FSH only, or progesterone + PGF_2α + FSH) (estrus induction; 100 vs 42.8 and 71.4%, ovulation points; 11.4 vs 5.4 and 4.4, respectively). The effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) on the ovulation rate was also examined. However, no difference was observed for inducing ovulation with treatment or dosage(100 ㎍ 200 ㎍) of GnRH. Low midline laparotomies were performed, and then ovarian responses (ovulations and follicular development) were examined by exteriorization of the reproductive tracts. Ova were recovered from oviducts by retrograde flushing 60-146 hours after MAP removal, and were classified the developmental stages. Overall 66.1% (236/357) of recovery rate was obtained from 30 superovulated does. The optimal recovery time of microinjectable 1-cell zygotes was approximately 72-76 hours after MAP removal.

중온 침출수 재순환 혐기성 소화 시스템을 이용한 음식물류 폐기물 처리

조찬휘ㆍ이병희ㆍ이용운(Chan Hui ChoㆍByong hi LeeㆍYong Woon Lee) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구에서는 침출수 재순환 시스템을 적용한 중온 혐기성소화를 이용하여 음식물류 폐기물을 분해하여 메탄가스를 생산하였다. 실험은 36℃로 유지되는 항온수조 내에 생물반응조와 침출수 저장조로 구성된 2개의 동일한 시스템(System A, System B)을 사용하였고, 생물반응조 하단 30 mm위에는 스크린이 있어 고액분리를 하여 침출수 저장조로 침출수를 이송하였다. 침출수 재순환은 매일 수행하였으며, 침출수 재순환 시에는 생물반응조 하단에서 침출수 저장조로 2.5 L를 30분간 이송한 뒤 다시 침출수 저장조에서 생물반응조 상부로 2.5 L를 30분간 주입하였다. 주입된 음식물류 폐기물은 수집되기 전 한 번 세척하였으며 반응조에 주입되기 전에 36℃로 온도를 올렸다. System A에 49.1 g VS, System B에 54.0 g VS을 2주 간격으로 투입하였다. 저해인자로 측정된 항목은 NH₄⁺-N과 염도였으며, 두 가지 항목의 농도 모두 시스템에 끼친 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. System A는 112일간, System B는 140일 동안 운전하였는데, 각 시스템에서 인발된 슬러지는 없었다. 음식물류 폐기물의 혐기성 소화를 통한 평균 메탄 발생량은 System A의 경우 0.439 L CH4/g VS, System B의 경우 0.368 L CH4/g VS로 나타났다. In this study, mesophilic anaerobic digestion of source separated food waste was carried out by leachate recirculation system and methane gas was produced. Two systems - system A and B were fabricated and placed within water bath to maintain 36℃. Each system was comprised of an anaerobic bioreactor and a leachate tank. Leachate in bioreactor was separated through the screen located at 30 mm above the bottom and a pump was installed to transfer collected leachate to the leachate tank. Everyday, 2.5 L of the leachate was pumped from the bioreactor to the leachate tank for 30 min and transferred leachate was pumped back to the top of the bioreactor for 30min, sequentially. Source separated food waste used for this experiment was washed by water before transferring to the laboratory. Transferred food waste was warmed to 36℃ before being fed to bioreactors. System A was fed to 49.1 g VS (Volatile Solids) and System B was fed to 54.0 g VS at every two weeks, respectively. NH₄⁺-N and salinity were monitored to see the inhibition toward anaerobic bioreaction and it was found that concentrations of these materials were not high enough to affect the bioreaction. Although the food waste was fed biweekly for 112 days and 140 days at system A and B, respectively, there was no sludge withdrawal from each system. Average methane productions rates were 0.439 L CH4/g VS and 0.368 L CH4/g VS for system A and B, respectively.

컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용한 신 생물학적 고도처리(병렬 고도처리) 공법 개발

이병희,이용운 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.6

Since Korean government imposed a stricter regulation on effluent T-N and T-P concentrations from wastewater treatment plant, a new process has to be developed to meet these rules and this process should remove T-N and T-P, economically, from weak wastewater that is typical for Korea's combined sewer system sewage. In this study, a computer simulator, BioWin from EnviroSim, Inc. was used. Three processes - A2/O, Modified Johannesburg, UCT- had been simulated under same operational conditions and a new process - Parallel BNR Process - had been developed based on these simulation results. The Parallel BNR process consists of two rows of reactors: One row has anaerobic and aerobic reactors in series, and the other row has RAS anoxic1 and RAS anoxic2 reactors in series. In order to ensure anaerobic state in anaerobic tank, a part of influent is fed to RAS anoxic1 tank in second row. This process had been simulated under same conditions of other three processes and the simulation results were compared. The results showed that three existing processes could not perform biological phosphorus removal when the average influent was fed at any operation temperatures. However, the Parallel BNR process was found that biological phosphorus removal could be performed when both design and average influent were fed at any operation temperatures. This process showed the T-N concentration in effluent had a maximum value of 15mg/L when design influent was fed at 13℃ and a minimum value of 14mg/L when average influent was fed at 20℃. Also, T-P concentrations had a maximum value of 1.3mg/L when average influent was fed at 20℃ and a minimum value of 1.1mg/L when design influent was fed at 13℃. Based on these results, we found that this process can remove nitrogen and phosphorus biologically under any operational conditions.

配當-信號傳達假設의 理論的 背景에 관한 考察

李龍雲 충남대학교 경상대학부설 경영경제연구소 1995 경영논집 Vol.11 No.1

C 의과대학에서 문제강의에 대한 학생들의 직접평가가 강의개선에 미친 영향

김석용, 이상진, 최재운, 김승렬, 김용대, 배성은, 김영규 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2012 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.22 No.1

연구목적: 팀티칭에 근거한 통합강의는 최근 대부분의 의과대학에서 시행되는 강의형태이다. 그러나 기 존에 사용되고 있는 온라인 강의평가 방식은 이러한 강의 특성에서 나타나는 문제점을 파악하기 힘든 점이 있다. 본 대학에서는 팀티칭에 의한 통합강의에서 문제강의를 직접적으로 파악하는 ‘문제강의 직 접평가지’를 개발하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 새로이 개발된 문제강의 직접평가지가 강의개선에 끼친 영 향력을 알아보고자 하는 것이었다. 연구방법: 2007년 2학기부터 2009년 2학기까지 충북대학교 의과대학 1, 2학년을 대상으로 문제강의 직접평가지에 의한 강의평가를 실시하였다. 평가지 질문 중에서 두 가지 객관식 질문에 대한 답변을 분 석대상으로 선택하였다. 질문은 첫째, ‘가장 유익하고 도움이 많이 되었던 강의들은 무엇입니까?’와 둘 째, ‘가장 어렵거나 이해하기 힘들었던 강의들은 무엇입니까?’였다. 강의평가를 실시한 강좌들 중에서 2 년 이상 연속적으로 강좌구조와 평가지의 객관식 질문 형식이 변하지 않은 14개의 강좌를 분석대상으로 하였다. 각각 연도의 평균 긍정비율을 다른 연도의 것과 카이제곱 검정 방법을 사용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 14개의 강좌 중에서 시작연도와 마침 연도 간에 긍정비율이 증가된 경우는 13개 강좌였다. 그 러나 통계적으로 의미가 있는 경우는 5개 강좌에서 나타났다. 결론: 문제강의 직접평가지에 의한 문제강의를 판별해 내는 방법은 단기간에 통합강좌의 개선에 효과 적이다.

성인 여성의 자궁경부암 및 유방암 조기검진 수검행위에 영향을 미치는 요인

노윤녕,김영복,박용문,이원철,맹광호 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2000 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study was aimed at preparing basic dada required for establishment of a cancer screening program by examining the status of cancer screenings performed by women in a city and the factors that had an influence on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior of women. In order to find out the status of cervical and breast cancers screening and the factors having an influence on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior, 1,113 women were selected as study area and subjects by a random cluster sampling method, and the subjects were answered by questionnaires. The major results were as follows. 1.In the cases of the breast and the cervical cancers, 16.7% and 55.7% of the subjects turned out to have had one or more screenings respectively in their life-time. Also the rate of screening group of cervical and breast cancers was 16.7%, the rate of screening group of only cervical cancer was 38.9%, and the rate of non-screening group was 44.4%. 2.As to the screening pattern of cervical and breast cancer, there were significantly for age, income, occupation, married status, spouse, the factors associated with health promotion (doctor visiting, exercising), married age, number of children, and breast feeding(p〈0.05). 3.The factors associated with screening behaviors for cervical and breast cancers were age, income, occupation, married status, doctor visiting, exercising, married age, number of children, and breast feeding(p〈0.05). Based on the above-mentioned results obtained by this study, it was anticipated that this study may be play a vital role as basic data for the development and execution of cervical and breast cancers screening program for women in a community. And the analysis, done on the basis of the status of the cancer screening, of the influence factors on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior showed that for the development of a cancer screening program, the factors like age, social-economic class, married status, health promotion behavior, and reproductive characteristics should be considered.

운동부하 흰쥐에서 포도당 증합체가 심근 당원에 미치는 영향

이석강,조성현,김용운,박덕일,김종연,장용찬 대한스포츠의학회 1994 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

운동부하전 섭취한 탄수화물이 운동흰쥐의 심근 및 골격근이 당원량에 미치는 영향을 측정하여 심근과 골격근의 대사적 차이점의 일단을 연구한 본 논문의 결과는 다음과 같다. 심근과 골격근 당원량(mg/ g wet tissue, 이하 단위 동일)은 정상군에서 심근 2.62±0.51로서 골격근의 3.37±0.58보다 낮았다(p<0.01). 심근 당원량은 정상군이 2.62±0.51이었다. 운동 30분에서 대조군은 정상군의 63%수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.01), 탄수화물섭취군은 정상군의 86 및 90%수준으로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 대조군의 142 및 137%정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 운동 60분에는 대조군은 운동30분의 78%(정상군의 49%)수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05) 탄수화물섭취군은 포도당중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 운동 30분에 비하여 72(p<0.01, 정상군의 62%), 81%정도(p<0.05, 정상군의 73%)로 감소하였다. 포도당 섭취군의 당원량은 대조군의 147% 정도로 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 운동 120분에서 대조군은 운동 60분에 비하여 63%(정상군의 33%) 수준으로 감소하였으며 (p<0.01) 포도당섭취군은 운동 60분의 69%(정상군의 50%)수준으로 유의하게 감소하였으나, 포도당 중합체 섭취군은 차이가 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군의 202 및 162% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01)높았다. 골격근 당원량은 정상군이 3.37±0.58 이었다. 운동 30분에서 대조군은 정상군의 69% 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.01) 탄수화물섭취군은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 정상군의 85 및 88% 수준으로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군의 125 및 129% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.05) 높았다. 운동 60분에는 대조군은 운동 30분의 77%(정상군의 53%) 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05)탄수화물섭취군은 포도당중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 30분에 비하여 93(정상군의 80%), 89(정상군의 78%) %정도로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 포도당중합체 및 포도당 섭취군의 당원량은 각각 대조군의 152 및 149% 정도로 대조군보다 유의하게 (p<0.001) 많았다. 운동 120분에서 대조군은 운동 60분에 비하여 50%(정상군의 26%) 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.001) 포도당 섭취군은 운동 60분의 75%(정상군의 58%)수준으로 유의하게(p<0.05) 감소하였으나 포도당 중합체 섭취군은 대조군의 84%(정상군의 67%)정도로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군우ㅢ 255 및 221% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.001) 높았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 심근과 골격근 간의 생리, 생화학적 특성의 차이에도 불구하고 탄수화물의 섭취후 중등도 정도의 달리기 운동시 근 당원의 함량에 미치는 영향은 정도의 차이는 있으나 같은 경향을 나타내었으며, 골격근에서 심근보다 더 많은 근 당원 절감효과를 나타내었다. 또한 운동전 탄수화물의 섭취시 이러한 근 당원 절감 효과로 장시간의 운동시 심근 및 골격근 당원의 고갈 지연으로 운동수행능력의 증가가 기대되며, 특히 포도당 보다는 포도당 중합체의 섭취시 효과가 더 크리라고 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose and glucose plymer ingestion on the concentration of the cardiac muscle glycogen at 30, 60 and 12 minutes of the treadmill running in rats. Rats were randomly assinged to normal, control, and carbohydrate groups. Carbohydrate group was divided into glucose, and glucose polymer ingested rats. The experiment was carried out after overnight fasting. Rats were administrated either water (control) of carbohydrates of formulated glucose(6%), and glucose polymer(6%) via polyethylene tube to the stomaach before treadmill run. Exercise was loaded by a treadmill run at the speed of I ㎞/hr for 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The results of experiment were as follows: Glycogen content of the cardiac muscle was lower than that of the skeletal muscle (plantaris) in normal rats. Glycogen content of the cardiac muscle was decreased in proportion to the exercise time compared to normal in control and carbobydrates ingested rats. It decreased in control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats in decreasing order at 120 minutes treadmill running (% change of glycogen content of control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats were 33, 50, and 63% in the cardiac muscle at 120 minutes of treadmill running respectively). Glycogen content of the skeletal muscle was decreased in proportion to the exercise time compared to normal in control and corbohydrates ingested rats. It decreased in control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats in ecreasing order 120 minutes treadmill running(% change of glycogen content of control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal were 26, 58, and 67% in the cardiac muscle at 120 minutes of treadmill running respectively). Change of the glycogen content of the cardiac and the skeletal muscle during treadmill running after glucose and glucose polymer ingestion showed that both muscles had tendency to decrease in proportion to exercise time similarly in control and carbohydrates ingested rats. Decreasing rate of glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles during treadmill running compared to normal in carbohydrates ingested rats was lower than that of control. From these results, it is suggested glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles had tendency to decrease in proportion to exercise time similarly in control and carbohydrate ingested rats. Glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles in carbohydrate singested rats less decreased than that of control during treadmill running compared to normal. Glucose polymer of the carbohydrates ingested rats in considered as the most effective for glycogen sparing according to exercise time in both muscles. Therefore, intake of carbohydrate, especially glucose polymer, before exercise may be increase performance of the prolonged moderate exercise.

축구선수들의 코치 리더쉽 선호도 분석

이용인,민춘기,김재운 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the preference of leader behavior styles according to the trait of soccer players. The trait of soccer players was characterized by age, career of winning a prize, birth order. The classified five behavior styles were training and instruction behavior, democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support behavior and positiv feedback behavior in the multidimensional model introduced by Chelladurai and Saleh(1980). Total of 286 soccer players were answered to the questionnaire. All subjects were registered players at the federation of soccer and attended national tournament more than once. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) In the preference of leader behavior style among the soccer players, training and instruction behavior was the most perceived behavior style. Democratic behavior, Positive feedback behavior, and social support behavior were preferred to be of second, third and fourth respectively. Autocratic behavior was the least preferred leader behavior style. 2) In the difference of leader behavior style according to the age of soccer players, middle school team preferred more than pro team in the training and instruction behavior, democratic behavior, and positive feedback behavior. 3) No significant difference was found according to the career of winning a prize and birth order of soccer players in the preference of leader behavior styles.