정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Interrelation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, and p27Kip1 Expression on Tissue Arrays of Breast Cancer

Sehwan Han,Young-Duck Kim,Hong-Yong Kim,Hong-Joo Kim,Kyeongmee Park,Byung-Noe Bae,Suk Yong Ryu,Ki Hwan Kim 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical impact of the alteredexpression of cell cycle regulators in stage I and II breastcancers.Materials and Methods: The interaction between cyclinD1/E and p27Kip1 expressions were analyzed usingtissue microarray (TMA) technology in 133 breast cancers.Data from the immunohistochemical assays of 3molecules were merged, and analyzed, with a Ki67labeling index of the same tumors.Results: Cyclin D1 was expressed in 72 breast carcinomas(54.1%) and cyclin E in 60 (45.1%) out of the 133breast carcinomas. Expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclinE were inversely related to each other, and significantlyassociated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expressionand differentiation of the breast carcinoma. The expressionof cyclin E was significantly decreased in tumorsexpressing cyclin D1 (p=0.022). There was a trend forcyclin D1 expression to increase in tumors expressingp27Kip1 (p=0.053), but the expression of cyclin E didnot correlate with p27Kip1 expression. The Ki67 labelingindex was markedly increased in tumors expressing cyclinE, whereas it was significantly decreased in the cyclin D1or p27Kip1 expressing-tumors. From survival analysis,cyclin E expression was the only significant variable forthe prediction of poor survival.Conclusion: The abnormal expressions of cell cycleregulatory molecules are prevalent, and interrelated witheach other in breast cancer. Integration of TMA technologyallowed a high-throughput analysis for correlating molecularthe in situ findings, with the clinico-pathologicinformation. Among the three molecules studied, thecyclin E had a prognostic implication for stage I and IIbreast cancer. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:388-393)

Expression Profiles of Retinoblastoma Protein and p27Kip1 According to HER2 Amplification Status in Primary Breast Cancer

신재호,Sung-Jin Park,Hyun-Jin Cho,Geumhee Gwak,Byung-Noe Bae,Ki Whan Kim,Hong-Yong Kim2,Kyeongmee Park,Sehwan Han 한국유방암학회 2009 Journal of breast cancer Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)/neu amplification affects the cell proliferation through the modulation of multiple G1 cell cycle regulators in breast tumor cells. We performed this study to investigate whether retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and p27Kip1 were differently expressed according to the HER2 amplification status in human breast cancer. Methods: HER2 amplification was assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the expression of cell cycle regulators were assayed by immunohistochemistry on 153 consecutive invasive breast cancers. The proliferative activity of breast cancer was analyzed according to the HER2 amplification and cell cycle protein expression status. Results: HER2 amplification was observed in 39 (25.5%) of 153 breast cancers. In the HER2 amplified breast cancers, the pRB expression was significantly increased (p=0.011) whereas there was no significant relationship between HER2 amplification and p27Kip1 expression. There was an inverse correlation between pRB expression and Ki-67 labeling index in the HER2 amplified breast cancers (p=0.036). In contrast, Ki67 labeling index was significantly decreased as p27Kip1 expression increased in HER2 non-amplified breast cancers (p=0.028). In HER2 non-amplified breast cancers, we could not observe any association between the pRB expression and Ki67 labeling index. Conclusion: The proliferation of the breast cancers was associated with pRB expression in HER2 amplified tumors whereas it was associated with p27Kip1 expression in HER2 non-amplified tumors. The results of the current study indicate that the cell proliferative activity of the breast cancer is under different growth signal pathways according to HER2 amplification status.

철도 차량의 동적 안정성에 관한 연구

홍용기,유원희,박영필,박해성 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The object of this study is to analyze the dynamic characteristic of lateral damper for the railway vehicle. The vibration characteristics are studied from eigenvalue analysis for critical velocity, and frequency analysis for the effects of the damper. Critical velocity of the model passenger car is found to be a) 20 m/s for damping force of 0 kg s/m, b) 64 m/s for damping force of 1,500 kg s/m, c) 60∼74 m/s for damping force of 730∼2,500 kg s/m. In high speed running, damping force should be decreased for high critical velocity. Lateral damping force should be greater than 730 kg s/m for stable running.

공기소총 사격시의 생체변화 분석

엄기진,이철규,박장평,이광재,문병용,홍관이,노성규,오수일,박기동 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1985 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.10

This study conducted for analyze the process of physiological variation during shooting, and produce the basic data for training prescription to the performance improvement in Air Rifle Shooting, 9 Elite Rifle shooters )College 3, High School 3, Middle School 3) in GangWeon province were tested the physiological parameter which are Electrocardiograph(E.C.G), Heart-rate(H.R), Respiratory pattern, and Trigger time by polygraph system 8 channel from Sept. 1st to Sept. 10th, 1985. Analyzed experimental results are as follows; 1. Firing at T-P wave in E.C.G, 77.68bpm in H.R)16.68% by resulting H.R), the deep size of inspiration-expiration was low, and 8.34 sec of trigger interval were appeared when the shooter acquired high score. 2. The most effective factor among physiological parameters for excellent shooting score is the inspiratory volume with decresc breathing pattern. 3. Shooting performances correlated with stability and static-dynamic balance, but flexibility effected on negative correlation.

東南아시아 諸國의 地域計劃과 地域政策

洪起容 檀國大學校 地域硏究所 1987 地域硏究 Vol.8 No.-

中國의 社會保障制度에 관한 硏究

洪起容 단국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Among nations with comprehensive social security programmes, socialist countries usually have the most elaborate systems and highest expenditure on social security as a percentage of their gross national product. The social security system in china can be classified into two major parts: one for workers working in the cities and other for those unable to fend for themselves both in cities and in villages. The most important measure that chinese government has introduced in the Labour Insurance Regulations in 1951 for urban workers. Despite the recent call for reform, it is still the most important social security measure today. The regulations had undergone some minor change to expand with growing economy. At present, the Chinese Government still maintains that the labour insurance programme is a sign of the superiority of the socialist system. However the application of the regulation is in fact extremely limited and confined only to those working in the cities. Other social searity measures as public health, social relief, registration of marriages, protection of juveniles and support of armed forces injured in battles. These provisions are also confined only to the most needy-people who have lost working capacity and are deprived-to live above the subsistence level. Considiring the level of economic development of China, there is no doubt that the existing programme is rather advanced. However, the overall performance of the programme must be perceived in the light that it is not simply used as a mechanism to meet the income security needs of the urban workers but also employed as an instrument to achieve purposes considered important in a socialist country. It has become both an asset and a burden. It is an asset because it gives the urban workers a sense of security: but it has proven to be a financial burden to enterprises paying for the benefits. It has neglected those in the village who constitute the majority of the working population in china and given them no more than the most basic relief.

중국의료기관의 조세체계와 조세특례에 대한 연구

홍기용,피경란 한국세무회계학회 2003 세무회계연구 Vol.13 No.-

중국은 90년대에 들어 개혁개방을 실시하면서 의료기관에 대한 경영주체 및 조세체계에서 많은 변화가 일어났다. 중국의 의료기관은 비영리의료기관에만 머물지 않고 영리의료기관의도입을 하기에 이르렀다. 따라서 정부가 직접 운영하던 의료기관이 민간부문으로 상당히 이전되면서 조세체계의 정비가 대두되었다. 중국은 비영리의료기관에 대해서 일정부문 면세제도를 두고 있으나 영업성적 및 경영주체에 따라 일부 과세하고 있다. 중국의 조세체계에 대한 문제점과 개선점을 지적하면, 첫째, 의료기관의 성격을 비영리성과 영리성에 따라 구별하여 구체적인 조세체계를 마련할 필요가 있다는 점이다. 둘째, 현재 비영리의료기관에 대해 조세특례를 인정하고 있지만 복지정책의 중추가 되는 의료서비스라는 특성을 감안하여 전면적인 조세특례를 인정할 필요가 있다. 셋째로는 영리의료기관의 경우에는 세법에 따라 과세하고 있지만 의료서비스가 일반 기업의 재화 혹은 용역과 다르다는 점에서 조세체계를 동일시하는 것은 바람직하지 않다는 점을 지적하였다. 중국은 개혁개방이 된지 일천하고 조세체계의 경우에도 국제수준에 부합하지 않은 면이 많다. 이점에서 이 연구는 중국의 의료기관에 대한 합리적인 조세체계의 방안을 모색해 봄으로써 중국이 WTO가입과 함께 조세체계도 국제수준으로 유지할 수 있는 방향을 제시하는데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

轉移·割當分析과 地域計劃

洪起容 檀國大學校 地域硏究所 1984 地域硏究 Vol.5-6 No.-

The shift and share analysis has become a very popular tool in regional analysis and regional policy. It has been used both a descriptive device and as an Analytical tool. Despite several unsolved theoretical and empirical considerations, shift and share analysis of regional growth has become increasingly popular since 1960. It is relatively inexpensive to implement to a complex input-output analysis. Its data requirement are not overly rigorous. Furthermore, principal methodological procedures are straight forward, because of a its usefulness. The frequent use, together with the continuing discussion about the various merits and demerits of the techniques itself, make desirable a general assessment of the potential contribution of the shift and share analysis. This paper attempts to introduce it as an adquate tool of regional analysis for regional policy making in Korea by identifying and testifying its theory and practical applications. It is also the purpose of this paper to suggest and introduce an approach to regional modelling which satisfies the endogeneity criterion of the growth components of employment and to show the way in which regional expansion paths of output and employment can be developed. This article is organized several parts: A theoretical model is discussed; estimation procedure of the method is proved; empirical estimation is tested; and finally it deals with the limitations, significance and policy implications of the model.

美國의 地域政策

洪起容 단국대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Early U.S. programs for regional policy were based on the concept of relating economic development to construction of national road and cannals. The first notable achievement of this policy was the construction of the national road which provided a link between the Atlanic Coast and the Ohio valley. In the 1930's great depression national efforts to improve economic and social conditions concentrated upon resource development. The Tennessee Valley is one of the well known venture in regional development. However, regional policy in the United States is primarily based on legislation passed in 1965. For example, the Appalachian Development Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act represented an unprecedented effort to deal with regional problems characterized by high unemployment and low income in certain areas. It required the preparation by the areas concerned of overall Economic Development Plans. The legislation focused on the problems of distressed or lagging areas and regions with high unemployment. The United States has developed an elaborate system of aids to promate the growth of lagging regions. Regional development policy conceived has been inspired by too major concerns. The frist is based on equity and the second on efficiency for national growth. It will be worthwhile to conceive the U.S. experience in regional policy for the future development of Korean regional policy. Though differed from regional policy environment between two countries, decentralized regional planning authority to local government will be very much alpplicable for Korea on the assumption that local self-government system could be practically realized soon.