주민참여형 농어촌 테마공원 개발계획 연구 : 청풍지구 농어촌 테마공원을 중심으로

박용순,윤영근,제상호,손경석 경기대학교 부설 관광종합연구소 2014 여가관광연구 Vol.21 No.-

Rural theme park is an on-going business that has been practiced by Ministry for Food, Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries since 2007. The business aimed to facilitate urban and rural interchange and local economy activation. Rural theme park themed communities by using unique natural and cultural properties owned by the locals. the project adopts bottom-up development that reflects opinions of residents in the tourism planning process. However, it seems to be true that residents have been excluded from tourism planning process even if they were the host of the project for the reasons of lack of knowledge on community-based rural tourism development and lack of experience on bottom-up development. The case of Chung Poong Area in Je Cheon rural theme park used in this study has prioritize residents' involvement in planning procedure. This project emphasized the importance of residents' participation and their role in the entire process of tourism development that ranges from project site decision to the major business decision. Thus, this study suggests a direction that can be used for the future rural theme park projects and community-based project related to planning and design in rural area. 농어촌 테마공원(Rura1 Theme Park) 사업은 2007년부터 농림수산식품부에서 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 농촌관광 수요를 충족하고 농촌지역의 활성화를 위해 진행하고 있는 사업으로 도농교류 및 지역경제 활성화를 목적으로 하고 있다. 농어촌 테마공원은 농촌지역이 가지고 있는 고유한 자연적,문화적 자원 등을 주제로 지역특색에 맞게끔 다양한 형태의 테마공원을 조성하는 것으로 지역주민의 의견을 적극적으로 수렴하는 상향식 사업으로 진행해 나아가고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 사업의 실질적인 주체인 지역주민의 경우 주민참여형 농환지역개발사업에 대한 이해부족과 상향식 사업에 대한 경험부족 등으로 계획수립 과정에서 소외되고 있는 것 또한 현실이다. 본 연구는 제천지구 농어촌 테마공원 기본계획을 수립하는 과정에서 지역주민의 참여를 우선적으로 고려하였으며,대상지 선정에서부터 주요사업 도출과정에 이르기까지 계획수립의 전과정에서 걸쳐서 지역주민의 참여와 역할에 대해서 언급하고 있다. 따라서 향후 농어촌테마공원뿐만 아니라 농어촌지역계획 수립과 관련한 주민참여형 사업에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

대중교통 환승주차장의 CPTED 체크리스트에 의한 환경디자인 연구

김대용(Kim, Dae Yong),김태용(Kim, Tae Yong),정승호(Chung, Seung Ho),박현호(Park, Hyeon Ho) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2012 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.10 No.-

본 연구는 늘어나는 대중교통인접 환승주차장의 범죄위험성으로부터 이용자들의 안전을 위하여 ‘환경설계를 통한 범죄예방(Crime Prevention Through Environment Design: CPTED, 이하: CPTED)"개념을 적용하여, 환경디자인 개선사항을 도출하는 연구이다. 연구의 방법과 범위로는 CPTED이론, 문헌분석, 관련법 및 법규, 관련 전문가그룹을 통하여 1차 정량·정성체크리스트를 설계하여 현장답사 하였으며, 이를 보안하는 2차 정성체크리스트를 설계, 현장답사 하였으며, 현장답사는 대중교통환승 주차장의 유형과 환승형태, 주차장규모, 운영주체등을 고려하여 수도권의 5개 환승주차장을 선정하였다. 설계된 체크리스트를 바탕으로 현장답사 결과 범죄위험성으로부터 환경디자인 개선사항은 5곳 중 1곳을 제외하고 4곳 모두 개선이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 분석은 주차지역, 유지관리, 전자보안, 안내표지, 조경, 조명으로 구분하였으며 조사대상지 대부분 범죄위험성으로부터 전자보안에만 의지하는 행태를 가졌으며, 그 또한 요금 징수 등을 주 목적으로 하고 있다. This study applies the concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and suggests ways to make improvements in environmental design to provide secure facilities for those who use park-and-ride structures which are increasing on a regular basis. First, the authors made a checklist for field examination after consulting related literature and related laws and holding discussion sessions with the experts of the field. After the field investigation with the quantitative and qualitative checklist, another qualitative checklist was developed to supplement the first one. With the second checklist, the authors visited five different park-and-ride structures around the city of Seoul that were diverse in layout, scale, and management system. The result showed that four out of the five sites assessed needed improvements. The analysis was divided into the following areas: location of the structure, maintenance, electronic security, signs, landscaping, and lighting. A popular method of crime prevention at the parking structures was electronic security which was in fact operated mainly to encourage the drivers to pay their parking fees.

Up-regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Korean Red Ginseng Water Extract as a Cytoprotective Effect in Human Endothelial Cells

Yang, Ha-Na,Lee, Seung-Eun,Jeong, Seong-Il,Park, Cheung-Seog,Jin, Young-Ho,Park, Yong-Seek The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.3

Korean red ginseng (KRG) is used worldwide as a popular traditional herbal medicine. KRG has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Up-regulation of a cytoprotective protein, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, is considered to augment the cellular defense against various agents that may induce cytotoxic injury. In the present study, we demonstrate that KRG water extract induces HO-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and possible involvement of the anti-oxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-eythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). KRG-induced HO-1 expression was examined by western blots, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining. Specific silencing of Nrf2 genes with Nrf2-siRNA in HUVECs abolished HO-1 expression. In addition, the HO inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin blunted the preventive effect of KRG on $H_2O_2$-induced cell death, as demonstrated by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Taken together, these results suggest that KRG may exert a vasculoprotective effect through Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction in human endothelial cell by inhibition of cell death.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Sokho Kim,Myung-Hoon Oh,Bum-Seok Kim,Won-Il Kim,Ho-Seong Cho,Byoung-Yong Park,Chul Park,Gee-Wook Shin,Jungkee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been suffi- ciently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to 200mM) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/ mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Crotonaldehyde-exposed macrophages induce heme oxygenase-1 expression as an adaptive mechanism

Seung Eun Lee,Hana Yang,Gun Woo Son,Hye Rim Park,Young-Ho Jin,Cheung-Seog Park,Yong Seek Park 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.2

Cigarette smoke represents one of the most significant risk factors for the progression of vascular disease. Exposure to cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress in the vascular system and results in vascular dysfunction. Crotonaldehyde, a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is a foremost compound of cigarette smoke and a product of endogenous lipid peroxidation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression plays an essential role in cellular defense against environmental insults and represents an adaptive response. Here, we showed the effects of crotonaldehyde on the induction of HO-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Crotonaldehyde treatment resulted in significantly increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, treatment with zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP; the specific HO-1 inhibitor) markedly augmented the death of crotonaldehyde-treated macrophages. In summary, these results highlight the role of the HO-1 upregulation through p38 MAPK-Nrf2 activation in the adaptive response to crotonaldehyde in macrophages.

연잎, 연자육, 연자방 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 활성

이은주(Eun-Joo Lee),서유미(Yu-Mi Seo),김용현(Yong-Hyun Kim),정정욱(Chungwook Chung),성화정(Hwa-Jung Sung),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn),박종이(Jong-Yi Park),김종식(Jong-Sik Kim) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.4

연은 아시아 국가에서 음식과 약재로 널리 사용되는 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 연의 잎(leaf, NL), 자육(seed, NS), 자방(seedpod, NSP)으로부터 에탄올 추출물을 제조하고 이들의 항염증 활성과 작용기전을 규명하였다. 이들의 항염증 활성을 연구하기 위하여 LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 nitric oxide (NO) 생산을 측정하였다. NL, NS, NSP는 세포 생존율에 영향을 주지 않으면서, 농도의존적으로 NO의 생산을 현저하게 저해하였으며, iNOS 및 COX-2와 같은 pro-inflammatory 중재자들의 단백질 발현을 감소시켰다. 또한, NL, NS, NSP는 MAPKs 단백질의 인신화를 감소시키고 NF-κB p65의 핵으로의 이동을 저해함으로써, 세 추출물에 의한 항염증 활성은 MAPKs 경로와 NF-κB 경로를 조절함으로써 이루어짐을 제시한다. 게다가, ROS의 생성이 세 추출물에 의해서 모두 저해되었으며, HO-1의 발현과 HO-1의 전사조절인자인 Nrf2의 핵으로의 이동이 증가되었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구결과는 연의 다양한 부위의 추출물인 NL, NS 그리고 NSP는 항염증 활성을 가지고 있으며, MAPKs, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1 등 다양한 신호경로를 통해 조절할 수 있음을 제시한다. Nelumbo nucifera, also known as sacred lotus, has mainly been used as a food throughout the Asian countries. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extracts from leaf (NL), seed (NS), and seedpod (NSP) of Nelumbo nucifera and investigated their anti-inflammatory activities in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of NL, NS, and NSP, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. NL, NS, and NSP significantly reduced NO production in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viabilities. NL, NS, and NSP dramatically decreased the protein expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2. NL, NS, and NSP also suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 indicating they have their anti-inflammatory activities via regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. In addition, we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment of NL, NS, and NSP. All extracts reduced ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. And also, they increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and the nuclear translocation of nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2). In conclusion, our results suggest that Nelumbo nucifera has its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.

Eriodictyol Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death through Modulating ERK/Nrf2/ARE-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression

Lee, Seung Eun,Yang, Hana,Son, Gun Woo,Park, Hye Rim,Park, Cheung-Seog,Jin, Young-Ho,Park, Yong Seek MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.7

<P>The pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is complex and may involve oxidative stress-related pathways. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid present in citrus fruits that demonstrates anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neurotrophic, and antioxidant effects in a range of pathophysiological conditions including vascular diseases. Because oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, the present study was designed to verify whether eriodictyol has therapeutic potential. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a phase II detoxifying enzyme, in endothelial cells is considered to be helpful in cardiovascular disease. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with eriodictyol showed the upregulation of HO-1 through extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathways. Further, eriodictyol treatment provided protection against hydrogen peroxide-provoked cell death. This protective effect was eliminated by treatment with a specific inhibitor of HO-1 and RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HO-1 expression. These data demonstrate that eriodictyol induces ERK/Nrf2/ARE-mediated HO-1 upregulation in human endothelial cells, which is directly associated with its vascular protection against oxidative stress-related endothelial injury, and propose that targeting the upregulation of HO-1 is a promising approach for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.</P>

건조 상추 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 활성

이은주(Eun-Joo Lee),서유미(Yu-Mi Seo),김용현(Yong-Hyun Kim),정정욱(Chungwook Chung),성화정(Hwa-Jung Sung),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn),박종이(Jong-Yi Park),김종식(Jong-Sik Kim) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

상추는 가장 선호하는 녹색 채소 중 하나이다. 상추는 폴리페놀성 화합물을 비롯한 다양한 성분을 함유하고 있으며, 항균, 항산화, 항염증 등의 생리활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 건조상추의 에탄올 추출물(DLE)을 제조하고 이들의 항염증 활성을 연구하였다. DLE의 항염증 활성을 측정하기 위하여 LPS로 활성화된 마우스 대식세포 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 nitric oxide (NO) 생성을 측정하였다. DLE는 세포주의 생존에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 NO 생산을 현저하게 저해하였다. DLE에 의해 염증 유전자인 iNOS와 COX-2의 유전자와 단백질의 발현이 모두 감소하였으며, 6개의 염증관련 cytokine 유전자(IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1F6, TNF-α, CSF2, 그리고 CXCL10)의 발현이 모두 감소하였다. 또한, DLE의 처리는 MAPKs 경로의 인산화를 모두 저해하였으며, NF-κB p65의 핵으로의 이동을 저해하였다. 이러한 결과는 DLE의 항염증 활성은 MAPKs 경로와 NF-κB 경로를 조절함으로써 이루어짐을 시사한다. 또한, DLE는 농도의존적으로 reactive oxygen species (ROS)의 생산을 저해하였으며, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) 단백질의 발현을 증가시켰으며, HO-1의 전사조절인자인 Nrf2의 핵으로의 이동을 증가시켰다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구결과는 DLE가 염증관련 유전자의 발현을 감소시키며, MAPKs, NF-κB, 그리고 Nrf2/HO-1 등 다양한 경로를 조절함으로써 항염증 활성을 가지는 것을 제시한다. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most popular green leafy vegetables, and it contains various beneficial components including polyphenolic compounds and has been known to possess various biological functions such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extract of dried lettuce (DLE) and investigated its anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of DLE, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in LPS-activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. DLE significantly suppressed NO production in these cells without affecting cell viabilities while resveratrol was used as a positive control. DLE dramatically decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2 at the mRNA and protein levels and reduced the expression of several cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1F6, TNF-α, CSF2 and CXCL10. In addition, DLE suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 indicating DLE shows its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs pathway and NF-κB pathways. And also, DLE reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. DLE increased HO-1 protein expression, and also increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Overall, our results suggest that lettuce down-regulate various pro-inflammatory genes and have its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Kim, Sokho,Oh, Myung-Hoon,Kim, Bum-Seok,Kim, Won-Il,Cho, Ho-Seong,Park, Byoung-Yong,Park, Chul,Shin, Gee-Wook,Kwon, Jungkee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to $200{\mu}M$) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

국립공원 내 파충류 자원의 효율적인 관리를 위한 PIT(passive integrated transponder) tag과 무선추적방법(radio telemetry)의 적용

이정현 ( Jung Hyun Lee ),이헌주 ( Heon Joo Lee ),라남용 ( Nam Yong Ra ),김자경 ( Ja Kyeong Kim ),엄준호 ( Jun Ho Eom ),박대식 ( Dae Sik Park ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 PIT tag (passive integrated transponder)과 무선추적법(radio telemetry)을 오대산국립공원과 월악산국립공원에 서식하고 있는 파충류에 적용한 후, 이를 평가하여 효과적으로 국립공원 내 파충류 자원관리 방안을 모색하기 위하여 수행되었다. PIT tag은 현재까지 알려진 파충류 개체표시법 중에서 가장 효과적인 방법으로 2006년 3월부터 2008년 10월까지 오대산국립공원과 월악산국립공원의 조사지역에 출현한 모든 137마리의 뱀류를 대상으로 적용하였다. 무선추적 연구는 월악산국립공원에서 서식하고 있는 황구렁이(Elaphe schrenckii anomala) 2마리를 대상으로 2007년 9월부터 2008년 11월까지 실시하였다. 연구결과, 두 곳의 국립공원 지역에서 연구기간 동안 17마리가 재 포획되어 평균 12.40%의 재포획률을 보였으며, 재 포획된 개체들의 자료를 통하여 누룩뱀(Elaphe dione)과 쇠살모사(Gloydius ussuriensis) 성체의 SVL 증가를 성공적으로 확인하였다. 무선추적을 통하여 확인된 황구렁이 수컷의 행동권 면적은 MCP=389,600 m2, Kernel 95%=471,800 m2, 암컷은 MCP=162,500 m2, Kernel 95%=208,700 m2인 것으로 확인되었다. 국립공원 내에서 보호와 관리가 필요한 종 혹은 멸종위기대상 종인 파충류를 대상으로 PIT tag과 무선추적을 적용한다면 공원 내 파충류의 효율적인 관리 및 보존방안을 마련하는 데 중요한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. To suggest effective ways of the management of reptiles in Korea national parks, we applied PIT (passive integrated transponder) tag and radio telemetry research methods in the monitoring of reptiles in Odaesan and Woraksan national parks. We implanted PIT tags into 137 snakes (six species) captured in both the national parks between March 2006 and October 2008 and also radio-tracked two Korean rat snakes (Elaphe schrenckii anomala) from September 2007 to November 2008 in the Woraksan national park. Of total 137 snakes which we had inserted the PIT tag, 17 snakes (12.40%) were recaptured. Based on the PIT tag data of the recapture, we successfully obtained the annual growth rate of Korean cat snakes (Elaphe dione) and Red-tongue pit-viper (Gloydius ussuriensis). Home range of the Korean rat snakes based on the data of radio-tracking was estimated as 389,600 m2 (MCP: Minimum convex polygon) and 471,800 m2 (Kernel 95%) for males and 162,500m2 and 208,700m2 for females. These results suggest that if we apply PIT tag and radio telemetry research methods to manage reptiles in Korea national parks, it could greatly increase our understanding about their basic ecology and as the result, it could allow us to develop better management and conservation ways of reptiles in Korea national parks.