Effects of Extrusion Conditions on Pasting Properties of Potato and Potato : Wheat Flour Mixture

Cha, Jae Yoon,Cho, Yong-Jin,Kim, Chong-Tai,Kim, Chul-Jin,Ng, P. K. W. 한국산업식품공학회 2003 산업 식품공학 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop extrusion process of fresh potato and to study the effects of extrusion condition on the pasting properties of extruded potato products. The blend of pressed potato and wheat flour and pressed potatoes were extruded at different die exit temperatures (110-160℃) and screw speed of 100 rpm using a twin-screw extruder with conveying, high and low shear screw configuration. The viscosity-related parameters, such as peak viscosity, through, final viscosity, peak time, and pasting temperature of the feed materials and extruded products, were studied using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA). Their water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI) were also studied. The peak viscosity, through, final viscosity, and peak time of pressed potato extrudates and potato-wheat flour mixture extrudates decreased as die exit temperature increased. The WSI and WAI of potato products increased as die exit temperature increased. When high shear screw configuration was used, the values of viscosity-related parameters were lower than those when low shear screw configuration was used. The potato-wheat flour mixture products obtained different degrees of depolymerization from fresh potatoes and wheat flour depending on die exit temperature and screw configuration.

운동과 식이요법을 이용한 비만성인의 체중감량에 관한 연구

조용철,안자희 龍仁大學校 1997 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective ways of reducing the weight of fat adults. Dietic treatment and athletic treatment have been performed over a four-month period to 73 fat adults who were randomly selected from various walks of life. Through the above approach, following results could be obtained; 1) The effect that dietetic and athletic treatment have on fat adults could be maximized by performing both of the treatments simultaneously, and this method could be applied regardless in their chest circumferences. (Group A : Those who are performing dietetic treatment, Group B : Those who are eating without any regulation)

투기종목 선수들의 무산소성 역치의 특성

조현철,송순천,김춘경,김의영,안용규,이규석,김학렬 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of the present study is to determine the levels of maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of boxing players(n=23), ken-do players(n=18), Judo players(n=12), T.D.K players(n=18). Treadmill test was used to measure maximal state and anaerobic threshold of metabolic variables. Treadmill exercises protocol was 2-min incremental test from an initial work load of 0MPH(grade : 0%) to all-out by step of 1.0MPH(grade : 2%). The results of measurement was as follows : 1. Absolute(1/min) and relative(ml/kg/min) maximal oxygen uptake was highest(5.08l/min, 65.01 ml/kg/min) in Judo layers, followed in order by the T.D.K players (4.37l/min, 64.74 ml/kg/min), Boxing players(4.18) l/min, 63.19 ml/kg/min) and ken-do players(3.81l/min, 58.65 ml/kg/min). It is not significant difference in the relative maximal oxygen uptake, but is significant difference between group in the absolute maximal oxygen uptake(p<0.001) 2. AT-VO₂(l/min) and AT-VO₂(ml/kg/min) in the anaerobic threshold was highest (3.71 l/min, 47.28 ml/kg/min) in Judo players, followed in order by the T.K.D players(3.29 l/min, 48.75 ml/kg/min), boxing players(2.90 l/min, 43.91 ml/kg/min) and ken-do players(2.82 l/min, 43.52 ml/kg/min). It is not significant difference in the AT-V02(ml/kg/min), but is significant difference between group in the AT-V02(l/min). (p<0.001) 3. %HRmax and %V 02max in the anaerobic threshold was not significant difference between group.

분뇨처리를 위한 건조기 설계에 관한 연구

조철형,김숭평,유적용 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1981 生産技術硏究 Vol.1981 No.-

The critical moisture content of excrements filtered has been determined to be about 200% (D. B) based on the characteristic curve for drying, obtained by pilot plant tunnel dryer method. Temperature, humidity, flow rate and thickness of the feed material, and direction of air flow had large effect on drying in the constant rate period, but had little effect in the falling rate period. The optimum operation condition for drying with tunnel dryer had been investigated.

중국 체육행정 조직관리의 이론적 고찰

조연철,임용호 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1997 科學論集 Vol.23 No.-

In these days, an open-door policy and the market economy of China have an effect on development of the all chinese society, and bring on changes in many fields- politics, economy, culture, and so on. Thus, the administative oganization of physical education on centralizing system based on existing planned economy system is changing. The system of the existing administative oganizationth of physical education is divided by the management system of government and community. The management system of government for administative oganization of physical education is still characteristic of centralizing system carried out main projects of physical education. There is many changes as result of system reformation to achieve the proper management system of administative oganization of physical education for the market economy. The management of centralizing system is weakened, and the self-control of the management system of community improve, that is, the macroscopic management funtion of government and microscopic management funtion of community is stregthened.

항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 장관골 감염성 불유합의 이단계 치료

조세현,정순택,박형빈,황선철,하용찬,황인환 대한골절학회 2004 대한골절학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: 장관골 감염성 불유합의 치료 시 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 이단계 재건술의 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2002년 9월까지 장관골 감염성 불유합으로 이단계 재건 수술을 받은 41예 (대퇴골 26예, 경골 15예)를 대상으로 하였다. 일단계 수술에서는 광범위한 변연 절제술, 부골 제거 및 세척술과 기존 고정 장치의 제거 또는 외고정 장치로의 교환을 시행한 후 시공 (dead space)과 불유합 주변 연부조직 내 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 삽입하였다. 임상적 감염 증상이 호전된 평균 8.7주 (3주~32주) 후 이단계 재건술로서 Ⅰ군은 내고정 장치 (금속판 5예, 골수강내 금속정 8예), Ⅱ군은 외고정 장치 (Ilizarov 25예, Monofixator 3예)로 각각 고정하고 17예에서는 골내 이동술이나 골 연장술을 시행하였다. 양군 모두 필요한 경우 골 이식과 시멘트 정의 교환을 추가하였다. 추시 기간은 16개월에서 최장 71개월로 평균 45개월 이었다. 치료 결과는 골유합 기간 및 Paley 방법에 의한 방사선상 골유합 상태와 하지 기능으로 평가하였다. 결과: Ⅰ군 13예 전부와 Ⅱ군 28예 중 26예에서 감염의 치료와 골유합을 얻었다. 이단계 재건술 후 골 이식술, 골 소파술, 외고정 핀 교환과 각변형 교정술, 피부 이식 또는 근육 피판 회전술 등의 보조적 시술이 Ⅰ군은 평균 2회, Ⅱ군은 평균 6.2회 추가되었다. 평균 골유합 기간은 Ⅰ군이 19.3주이고 Ⅱ군이 23.1주로 내고정군이 더 빨랐다. 방사선상 Paley 골유합 상태는 Ⅰ군이 우수 8예, 양호 5예이었고, Ⅱ군이 우수 18예, 양호 7예, 보통 1예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.492). 기능적 결과는 Ⅰ군에서 우수 6예, 양호 6예, 보통 1예 이었고, Ⅱ군에서는 우수 10예, 양호 13예, 보통 3예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.267). 결론: 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정의 골수염 치료 효과가 관찰되었으며, 감염이 호전된 후 내고정 장치로 교환해 준 군이 외고정을 유지한 군에 비하여 추가 수술 횟수가 적고, 골유합 기간도 빨랐다. Purpose: To evaluate treatment results between internal na external fixation groups in two-stage reconstruction of infected nonunion of long bones using antibiotics-impregnated cement beads. Materials and Methods: In the first stage, preexisting hardwares were removed and radical debridement was done. The dead space was filled with antibiotics -impregnated cement beads and the nonunion sits was immobilized by external fixation, cast or skeletal traction. In the second stage, all cases were divided into two groups; the nonunion was fixed by internal fixation in group Ⅰ versus external fixation in group Ⅱ. The intervening period between the first and second stage was average 8.7 weeks (range, 3~23 weeks). Results: The follow-up period was average 45 months (range, 16~71 months). Infection control and bone union were achieved in all 13 cases of group Ⅰ. Infection recurred in two of 28 cases in group Ⅱ, one underwent above-knee amputation and the other case was lost in follow-up. The mean number of supportive operations including repeated curettage, augmentation and change of infected pins, angular correction, and soft tissue flap was average 2 and 6.2 times respectively in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ. Bony union period was average 19.3 and 23.1 weeks in each group. According to Paley's classification, group Ⅰ was similar to group Ⅱ in bony and functional result (p>0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotics-impregnated cement beads provided positive effect on infection control. Internal fixation group showed less number of additional operations and earlier bony union than external fixation group.

水稻作의 生産力格差에 관한 硏究 : 全北 西部平野地帶를 중심으로

趙佳鈺,申永澈 韓國農業政策學會 1994 농업경영정책연구 Vol.21 No.2

유도기 등가회로정수의 정밀산정

조용철,좌종근 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.9 No.1

This paper presents a new method to determine the T-type equivalent circuit parameters for steady state analysis of induction motors. To determine the parameters, four simultaneous equations are obtained from the T-type equivalent circuit conditions. The initial values for these equations are evaluated by the simplified equivalent circuits. and then the parameters are calculated by iterative computation. Test results are compared with the computed results of the conventional method and the proposed method to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. And it is found that the latter method is more accurate than the former method.

유도 스포츠화 과정의 변화요인에 관한 연구

조용철 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

This study is about the changes of techniques, the changes of Competition Rules and commercialism which have changed the competition style in Judo. The main contents of the study were summarized as follows: First, the changes of techniques in Judo have leaded changed strategies for winning a game. Nowadays a lot of sports, such as boxing, wrestling, Teakgundo, football, basketball and so on, have converted defensive play style into offensive one. This offensive play style is common not only in Judo but also in modern sports. Second, Competition Rules in Judo have been based on practical use of a sports ground, subdivided weight, safety of players, efficiency of game development, specialized rules for accuracy of judgement, detail rules for games' management, subdivision of forbidden actions, etc. These changes have played an important role in organization of Competition Rules and also this organization of the Rules has made Judo a sport. Third, commercialism for sports has been important in modern sports, so commercialism in Judo has characteristics for sports rather than Military arts. Especially attendance of massmedia and interest of spectators have made Judo change, so The base of Judo's change is commercialism.

유도 지도자의 코칭 행동유형이 집단응집력 및 선수만족에 미치는 영향

조용철,김기용 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2004 武道硏究所誌 Vol.15 No.1

The goal of this study is to examine characteristics of coaching behaviors of judo coaches, to compare and analyze the types of coaching behaviors, to figure out the cohesion of a group and the degree of satisfaction which judo players feel with their coaches and to use it as the basic materials to improve the leadership of judo coaches. To achieve the goals, 710 players as the study population were selected from judo players registered for Korea Judo Association from February, 2002. Among them each 20 player was selected from 30 high school teams, 15 college teams and 12 industrial teams. They were sampled with systematic stratified duster random sampling method. Questionnaires were distributed to them. The effective questionnaires were used to be analyzed as data. They were analyzed with SPSS PC+ Ver 10.0, Frequency Analysis, t-test, One way ANOVA, Correlation and Duncan 's post-hoc test. Regression analysis also was used and the level of significance of all hypothesis tests was a=.05. The following results were obtained. Firstly, there was not a significant difference in their team, exercise career and exercise hour, authoritative behaviors among sub-variables of types of instructors (P〈.05) while there was a significant difference in their age, personal records and training, self-governing, authority, social support and redemptive behavior, which were sub-variables of types of instructors according to group records.(P〈.01) Secondly, there was not a significant difference in a cohesion of group according to exercise career(P〈.05) while there was statistically a significant difference in their team, personal records, group records, group cohesion according to exercise hour and the group cohesion and satisfaction of players, which were sub-variables of players' satisfaction. (P〈.01) Thirdly, the correlation between group cohesion according to type of coaching and player's satisfaction was analyzed. According to the result of the analysis, 5 factors, which were behaviors of training, self-governing, authority, social support and redemption, showed very high static correlation at the level of 5%. There was not a significant difference in social support which had an effect on group cohesion according to the type of coaching behaviors. 4 factors, which were behavior of training, self-governing, authority and redemption, had a static effect at the level of 5%. Fourthly, player's satisfaction showed non-static correlation with authoritative behaviors while it showed high static correlation with four factors, which were behavior of training, self-governing, social support and redemption at the level of 5%. There was not a significant difference in the social support which had an effect on satisfaction of players according to their types of behaviors and redemptive behavior while the behavior of training, self-governing, authority and redemption had a static effect at the level of 5%.