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서울시 가로수의 연륜층 및 식재주변 토양의 중금속 농도와 연륜 생장
유재윤,손요환 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.2
본 연구는 서울 도심에 위치한 가로수 중에서 수령이 30년 이상 된 양버즘나무(Platanus occidentalis L.)와 은행나무(Ginkgo biloba L.)를 대상으로 토양 및 가로수의 연륜층별로 중금속 농도를 분석하여 이들 중금속이 가로수의 연륜 생장에 미치는 영향 정도를 비교 검토하였다. 가로수가 식재되어 있는 토양의 pH는 6.62~8.01이었으며, 중금속 평균농도 Cr 0.63, Zn 109.03, Pb 26.49, Ni 1.98, Cu 44.98 mg/kg으로써 이 중 Zn, Pb, Cu의 농도는 일반 산림토양보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 금속 및 철물을 취급하는 상가가 밀집해 있고 차량통행이 많은 청계 2가 지역의 중금속 농도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 가로수의 연륜폭을 1979년부터 2000년까지 측정하여 회귀식으로 나타낸 결과, 두 수종 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 토양 내 Cr, Pb, Cu의 농도는 양버즘나무의 최근 5년간 연륜층 내 Cr, Pb, Cu 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 토양 내 Ni 농도는 은행나무의 5년 단위 연륜층별 Cr 농도와 은행나무의 5년 단위 연륜층별 Ni, Cu 농도는 각각 연륜생장에 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 한편 서울지역의 연평균 기온, 강수량, 강수일수와 연륜폭의 연도별 변화 경향은 유사하였으나 통계적으로 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. This study was carried out to examine the heavy metal concentrations in soils under roadside trees and tree ring layers, and to investigate the relationship between heavy metal concentrations and tree ring growth of roadside trees in Seoul. Soil samples at 0-20 ㎝ depth and tree rings were collected from Pladanus occidentalis and Ginkgo biloba at nine streets, and pH and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed. Soil pH ranged from 6.62 to 8.01 and soil heavy metal concentrations under roadside trees were higher (Zn 109.03, Pb 26.49 and Cu 44.98 ㎎/㎏ compared with those of the referred forest soils. Soils at Cheonggye2ga street showed the highest heavy metal concentrations, and seemed to be related to heavy traffic and dense hardware stores. Tree ring width significantly decreased from 1979 through 2000 for both species. There were positive correlations between Cr, Pb and Cu concentrations in soils and tree ring layers for P. occidentalis and Ni for G biloba. However, there were negative ccrrelations between Cr concentration in tree ring layers and tree ring width for P. occidentalis, and Ni and Cu for G biloba. Also there were no significant correlations between climatic factors in Seoul and tree ring width.
Yo Whan Son 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.1
Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling was examined for 28-year-old red oak (Quercus rubra L.), European larch (Larix decidua Miller) , white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine(Pinus resinosa Ait.) and Norway spruce(Picea abies(L) Karst.) plantations on a similar soil in southwestern Wisconsin. The concentration and content of several soil nutrients differed among the five species but no consistent pattern was observed between deciduous and evergreen species. In .general, total N and P content were greatest in the upper 30cm soil followed by aboveground vegetation and forest floor. Total N and P content with leaf longevity. Annual aboveground N and P requirement (㎏/㏊/yr) totaled 126 and 13 for red oak, 86 and 9 for European larch, 80 and 9 for white pine, 38 and 6 for red pine, and 81 and 13 for Norway spruce, respectively. In three evergreen species, uptake accounted for 72-74% of the annual N requirement whereas retranslocation accounted for 76-77% of the annual N requirement for two deciduous species. Nitrogen and P use efficiency (ANPP/uptake) was more efficient in deciduous species than evergreen species. Annual net N mineralization in the top 20cm of forest floor plus mineral soil differed significantly(p 0.05) among the five species and ranged from 53㎏/㏊/yr for red oak to 117㎏/㏊/yr for European larch. Annual nitrification also differed significantly (p$lt;0.05) among species and comprised from 40% for red oak to 95% for European larch of total annual net N mineralized. Annual leaf litterfall N content(㎏/㏊/yr) over the two years(1988-1989) ranged from 22 for white pine to 53 for Norway spruce but did not explain a significant amount of the observed variation of annual N mineralized among the five species. We speculate that other differences in litter quality may be controlling N mineralization. The results from this common garden experiment demonstrate that differences in N and P cycling among the five species may result from intrinsic characteristics e.g. leaf longevity) rather than environmental conditions.
Son, Yo-Whan,Lee, Yoon-Young,Kim, Rae-Hyun,Seo, Kyung-Won,Ban, Ji-Yeon,Seo, Kum-Young,Koo, Jin-Woo,Kyung, Ji-Hyun,Noh, Nam-Jin The Ecological Society of Korea 2004 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.27 No.6
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) beneath the forest canopy, understory species richness and diversity, and biomass were measured in a Larix leptolepis plantation seven years after thinning in Yangpyeong. Four different thinning intensities (control, $10\%,\;20\%\;and\;40\%$ stocking reduction) were applied in 1997. The current PAR values were lower than those measured four years after thinning, and PAR at the heavy thinning plots was significantly higher than that of other thinning intensities. A total of 23 species including 9 tall-trees and 14 shrubs were found for the high layer while a total of 82 species including 10 tall-trees, 29 shrubs, and 43 herbs for the low layer. Species richness and diversity generally increased with thinning intensities, and the trends were more evident for the low layer. Aboveground biomass significantly differed among thinning intensities for both shrubs and herbs. Also there was a negative correlation between biomass and the current number of stems per hectare. The current study suggested that the effects of thinning on light conditions at the forest floor, species richness and diversity and production of understory vegetation continued seven years after the treatment.