일부지역 중·고등학생들의 흡연실태 조사연구

신옥순,남철현,김복용,최연희,박선희,박경옥,구재희 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of middle and high school students' drinking and smoking with analysis of related factors. The subjects of this study was 540 students in Kyungbuk Province. Data were collected from July, 2002 to September, 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. 43.6% of the boy students experienced smoking, while 12.2% of the girl students experienced it. 5.3% of the students at academy schools experienced smoking, while 44.7% of the students at vocational schools experienced it. 11.4% of the middle school students experienced smoking, while 33.9% of the high school students experienced it. 15.5% of them who lived in towns or villages experienced smoking and 38.3% of them who lived in small or medium sized cities experienced it.37.5% of the students who belonged to the lower economic class experienced smoking and 20.7% of the students who belonged to the upper economic class experienced it. 24.0% of the students who belonged to the middle economic class experienced it. It appears that the respondents showed significantly different smoking experience rates by gender, school types, grades, the number of family members, residences, and economic classes. 2. 14.5% of the respondents who lived with grandparents and parents experienced smoking and 26.5% of them who lived with parents experienced it. The smoking rate was significantly high in the groups of having one-parent, being unsatisfied with family life, making poor grades in studies, and having the father or the mother working as a salesperson. 3. 45.3% of the respondents who were unsatisfied with family life experienced smoking. The smoking rate of the respondents who were unsatisfied with it was significantly higher than that of the other groups. On the other hand, the smoking rates were not significantly different by daily life, schoolmate relation, health condition, and feeling stress. 4. According to smoking rate by frequency of drinking, 16.4% of the respondents who drank less than once a month smoked and 54.8% of them who drank more than twice a month smoked. The more frequently they drank, the higher their smoking rate was. Those who did exercise displayed significantly higher smoking rate than those who did not do exercise. Among the rates of the respondents' agonies, family disharmony was 50.5% and love problem was 39.2%. Economic condition preblem was 34.6%. It appeared that smoking was most influenced by the family disharmony. 5. The factors significantly influencing smoking experience were gender, school grade, schoolmate relation, score in studies, and exercise. From above results, it can be concluded that the students' smoking is a serious problems which can be resolved by simple approaches because it is interrelated complicatedly with gender, grade, family, school, etc. Schools, related organizations, and the government must closely work together to maximize the effectiveness of policy implementation concerning the smoking and drinking problem of the middle and high school students.

원자력 발전소 핵연료 재장전을 위한 정지시 방사선준위 저감방법에 관한 연구

최형일,조영찬,오연옥 조선대학교 환경연구소 1999 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.1

During the shutdown of a pressurized water reactor, significant amounts of activated corrosion products were released. The recent recommendations by the Electric Power Research Institute for shutdown procedures aims to remove as much radioactivity as possible from the primary system. The Young-Gwang Nuclear Plant unit 4 performed a study to establish which conditions are reasonable to reduce the level of radioactivity in the primary system. The measurements include analysis of the reactor coolant, radioactivity in addition to boron concentration, pH, dissolved hydrogen and lithium concentration during shutdown. From these data estimates of the relation between Co-58 activity and other chemistry parameters (such as boron concentration, pH, dissolved hydrogen, lihthium concentration) have been made. The early removal of dissoled hydorgen and elevated boron concentration at acid reducing condition could affect the Co-58 dissociation rate. At acid oxidizing condition hydrogen peroxide could affect the dissolution of Co-58 which removed from the primary system. By using the purification ion exchanger remaining Co-58 could be removed to the level which primary manways of steam generator's can be open. The activity levels of each steam generator were lowered by 35% compared with that of last year. It indicates that low pH of the system chemistry through early removal of dissolved hydrogen and elevated boron concentration at high temperature accelerated the dissolution of Co-58.

원자력 발전소 핵연료 재장전을 위한 정지시 방사선준위 저감방법에 관한 연구

최형일,조영찬,오연옥 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 1999 環境公害硏究 Vol.15 No.-

During the shutdown of a pressurized water reactor, significant amounts of activated corrosion products were released. The recent recommendations by the Electric Power Research Institute for shutdown procedures aims to remove as much radioactivity as possible from the primary system. The Young-Gwang Nuclear Plant unit 4 performed a study to establish which conditions are reasonable to reduce the level of radioactivity in the primary system. The measurements include analysis of the reactor coolant, radioactivity in addition to boron concentration, pH, dissolved hydrogen and lithium concentration during shutdown. From these data estimates of the relation between Co-58 activity and other chemistry parameters (such as boron concentration, pH, dissolved hydrogen, lihthium concentration) have been made. The early removal of dissoled hydorgen and elevated boron concentration at acid reducing condition could affect the Co-58 dissociation rate. At acid oxidizing condition hydrogen peroxide could affect the dissolution of Co-58 which removed from the primary system. By using the purification ion exchanger remaining Co-58 could be removed to the level which primary manways of steam generator's can be open. The activity levels of each steam generator were lowered by 35% compared with that of last year. It indicates that low pH of the system chemistry through early removal of dissolved hydrogen and elevated boron concentration at high temperature accelerated the dissolution of Co-58.

경북지역 주부들의 전통 부엌 세간의 보유 현황 및 이용실태 조사 연구

한재숙,최영희,조연숙,변재옥,한경필,김현옥,정종기,최석현 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Housewives residing in the Kyongsang-Buk-do area were surveyed to determine their ownership of Korean traditional kitchen appliances and their usages. A breakdown of the appliances for the survey was as follows: 16 tableware, 17 household utensils, 15 heating utensils, 14 ceramic and earthen pottery, 6 stone utensils, 9 cooking utensils, 9 utensils made of the dried bamboo and bush clover, and 13 dining tables ("sang"). The types of the appliances with the largest ownerships and most frequently used were as follows: The jeopsi was most frequently owned, followed by the daejeop and the jaengban. The most frequently used item was the jubal,, followed by the daejeop and the jeopsi. Among the wooden utensils, bangmangi was most frequently owned, followed by the chanjang, the che, the doe, mal and hop. The most frequently used household utensil was the chanjang, followed by the takjasang and the doe, mal and hop. The utensil the most people owned for heating was the jujeonja, followed by the seoksoe, the musoesot and the siru. The most frequently used utensil for heating was the jujeonja, the musoesot and the seoksoe, in the order. As for the ceramic and earthen pottery, hangari and dok were owned and used most frequently. The maetdol and the jeolgu, though very low in their ownership rate, were most frequently owned items among the stoned utensils. The kal and the doma were the most frequently owned and used cooking utensils. The sokuri, and the chaeban and the baguni were the most frequently owned among the utensils made of the dried bamboo, bush clover and straw, while the sokuri was used the most frequently, followed by the chaeban and the jori. Among the dining tables, the kyojasang was the item most frequently owned, followed by the seonban and the chaeksangban, while the wonban was the most frequently used, followed by the kyojasang and the chaeksangban.

센서구동 방식에 의한 태양추적 시스템

박정국,최연옥,조금배,최창주 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.2

Nowaday, almost of practical energy comes from the fossil fuel, such as coal, oil and gas. But those methode causes the environmental pollution. Photovoltaic systems are considered as a alternative energy source to overcome the shortage of electricity in the future. Photovoltaic system is easier to operate and maintain than the other power generating system since it generally contains no moving parts, operate silently and require very little maintenance. In this paper, it is proposed 150[W] solar tracking system, the system designed as the normal line of the solar cell always runs parallel the ray of the sun. This design can minimize the cosign loss of the system.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)항응고제에 의한 Mean Corpusculaar Volume(MCV)변화

홍승민,박영진,최하여,임진,정옥연,이호준,이호영,장숙진,문대수 조선의대 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

여성의 피부관리실태와 관련요인

구재희,남철현,최연희,배향선,신옥순,양숙희,이명옥 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to analyze aspects of women's skin care and related factors in order to contribute to community residents's right skin care. The subjects of this study was 800 women who were 15 to 65 years old. Data were collected in Daegu City and Kyungsan City from June 21, 2002 to August 18, 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. According to socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, 26.8% of them were in twenties. 50.9% of them was students at colleges or graduated from collges. 38.3% was students and 37.5% was housewives. 55.5% belonged to the middle economic class. 2. 47.9% of the respondents replied that they were in good health. 57.2% of them had fair skin, while 25.1% had dark skin. According to health condition of face skin, 61.5% was in regular condition, while 26.0% was in bad condition. 29.9% had drying face skin and 21.3% had neutral or complex character of face skin. 3. Among the reasons they had trouble with face skin, the proportion of having the rough skin was highest (25.0%). 16.6% replied that they had trouble with a lot of wrinkles and 16.3% replied that they had trouble with dark face skin. 25.4% responded that their face skin was too tight. 13.3% replied that they had trouble with scars. 4. The factors significantly influencing the experience of skin care were age, education level, residence, experience of side effect of cosmetics, experience of skin diseases on face or body, experience of trouble after receiving skin care, and experience of trouble with acne. From above results, it can be concluded that selection of proper skin care rooms is important in receiving desirable skin care and preventing side effect related to skin care. The women also must be cautious in selecting and using cosmetics and massage pack. The government, related organizations, and skin and beauty specialists must make efforts to develop education programs for healthy skin care.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)항응고제에 의한 Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV)변화

홍승민,박영진,최하영,임진,정옥연,이호준,이호영,장숙진,문대수 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

It is essential that we put the anticoagulant into the blood specimen of the CBC test. However, the value of some parameters in the CBC test can be changed whenever using some anticoagulants. EDTA anticoagulant is mostly used these days. There are 3 kinds of EDTA, that is K_(2-), K_(3-), and Na_(2-) EDTA. The author studies how many effects each the EDTA gets into the true value of blood specimen for MCV of RBCs. Especially we compared the MCV effect of different concentrations of 3 EDTA anticoagulants on the bias with time and instrument. Some results are gotten. In our results, K_(3-)EDTA anticoagulant shows more satisfactory MCV value than K_(2) or Na_(2-)EDTA. On using concentration of EDTA, 1.5㎎ EDTA/㎖ of blood show more satisfactory MCV value than 7.5㎎ EDTA/㎖ of blood. However, the choice of anticoagulant may be dependant on the different instruments.

정신분열병 환자의 말초 임파구에서 도파민 수용체 mRNA의 변화

곽용태,최철희,김옥준,주연호,김형섭,강성숙,구민성,선우일남 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열병은 주로 청소년기에 발병하는 정신과에서 가장 흔한 질환 중의 하나이다. 이 질환의 원인이나 병인은 아직 불확실하지만 뇌 도파민계의 기능장애가 중요한 기전으로 생각되고 있으나 부검없이 뇌 도파민계를 직접 관찰할수 없으므로 많은 혼란이 있어왔다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 최근에 발견된 말초 임파구의 도파민 수용체를 이용하여 정신분열병에 있어서 말초 임파구 도파민 수용체가 뇌 도파민계의 기능을 반영하는 말초표식인자일 가능성이 있는지를 규명한다. 방 법 : 3년 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용중인 정신분열병 환자(약물투약군) 44명, 최근 3개월 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자(약물비투약군) 43명, 정상대조군 31명을 대상으로 말초 임파구의 D3, D5 도파민 수용체를 정량적 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(quantitative reverse transcritpase polymerase chain reaction)을 이용하여서 정량 비교하였고, 또한 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자들에 있어서 약물 투여 후 도파민 수용체의 변화 및 임상양상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) 말초혈액 임파구의 D3R/βA는 약물비투약군에서 정상대조군이나 약물투약군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 있게 증가되어 있었다. D5R/βA의 경우 약물비투약군이 약물투약군에서만 비하여 유의하게 증가되었다. 그러나 약물투약군과 정상대조군 간에는 도파민 수용체 mRNA(D3R/βA, D5R/βA)양에 있어서 차이가 없었다. 2) 항정신병 약물을 새로 투여하는 환자에서 항정신병 약물을 투여 후 임파구 도파민 수용체의 변화를 추적 관찰한 결과 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 3) 약물비투약군을 정상 대조군과 비교하여 D3R/βA mRNA가 정상범위에 속하는 군과 높은 군으로 나누어서 임상척도와 비교 분석한 결과 임파구 도파민 수용체가 증가한 군에서 다음과 같은 임상특징을 관찰할 수 있었다. (1) 정신병리증상이(BPRS) 현저하였다. (2) 약물치료에 대해 양성 정신병리증상(pBPRS)의 호전도가 낮았다. (3) 약물치료시 추체외로 부작용이 심하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 연구결과로 말초 임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 정신분열병의 소군 분류 및 예후 예측에 있어서 임상적 의의가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 말초임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 비록 이에 상응하는 뇌의 해부학적 위치는 알 수 없지만 중추신경계의 도파민 수용체의 기능을 반영할 가능성이 높다고 생각되었다. Objectives : Schizophrenia, commonly developed in adolescence and young adulthood, is one of the most common mental diseases in psychiatry. The etiology or pathogenesis of this disease is uncertain yet, but the dysfunction of dopaminergic system in the brain has been proposed. However, there is no direct evidence of dysfunction of brain dopaminergic systems in schizophrenic patients because the direct assessment of brain dopaminergic systems is almost impossible at present. To overcome this problem, recently founded dopamine receptors and their mRNAs in peripheral lymphocytes was used. The purpose of this study was to define whether the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia or not. Methods : The total numbers of subjects are 87 schizophrenic patients. Among them 44 patients were schizophrenics who had been taking antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 years(medicated patients), 43 schizophrenics who recently are not taken antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 months(drug-free patients). For controls age and sex matched 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors were compared in each groups and after starting antipsychotic medicines in drug-free patients, the clinical scales and the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied before, 2 weeks after and 8 weeks after medication. Results : 1) In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes was significantly increased comparing with that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression was increased comparing with only that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. There was no difference between controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics. 2) After antipsychotic medication, dopamine receptors of lymphocytes were increased tendency. 3) Drug-free patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression in controls to evaluate the significance of increased dopamine receptor expression. The group of patients with increaseddopamine receptor expressio had following clinical characteristics. (1) More severe psychiatric symptoms (2) Poor pharmacological response of pBPRS on medicines (3) Severe extrapyramidal side effects after pharmacological treatment Conculsion : These results revealed that the molecular biologically determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were reactive, and increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte had clinical significance for subgrouping and prognostication. These findings suggested that dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocyte may represent dopamine receptors of the brain, even the location cannot be determined.

폐경 전후 여성의 신체활동 및 생활습관과 골 밀도 수치와의 관련성

배성욱,남철현,홍성철,최연희,이정옥,양숙희 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.3

To evaluate the degree of bone mineral density according to physical activity, lifestyle in pre- and postmenopausal women. The subjects were 951 premenopausal and 1,167 postmenopausal women who have examined in health promotion center of Yeungnam University Hospital in Daegu city from January, 1999 to Januaty, 2001. The test for bone mineral density. The physical activity and life style were evaluated by questionaire through interview. The results were summarized as follow. 1) The prevalence rates of reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis in premenopausal women were 23.8% and 1.6%, respectively. However, these values were increased to 46.1% and 28.1% in postmenopausal women. 2) The regular exercise was revealed to have preventive effect for osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal women. Among the types of exercise, the most effective exercise was bowling and moderately effective exercise was swimming on prevention of osteoporosis, however, bare hand physical exercise was not significant effect on bone mineral density. 3) The risk for reducing bone mineral density was decreased in women who have higher educational background and income in pre- and postmenopausal. The bone mineral density was highest in white color worker and lowest in blue color worker. 4) The premenopausal women who favor meat were revealed higher bone mineral density than the women who favor vegetable. The women who have drunk none or small amount of alcohol were revealed increased bone mineral density and smoking was a risk factor for osteoporosis. These results suggested that to prevent osteoporosis, the systemized program for promoting anti-osteoporotic factor have to be developed and apply from the thirties whom have maximal bone mineral density.