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Yang, Jiwoong,Muckel, Franziska,Choi, Back Kyu,Lorenz, Severin,Kim, In Young,Ackermann, Julia,Chang, Hogeun,Czerney, Tamara,Kale, Vinayak S.,Hwang, Seong-Ju,Bacher, Gerd,Hyeon, Taeghwan American Chemical Society 2018 NANO LETTERS Vol.18 No.11
<P>Magic-sized clusters represent materials with unique properties at the border between molecules and solids and provide important insights into the nanocrystal formation process. However, synthesis, doping, and especially structural characterization become more and more challenging with decreasing cluster size. Herein, we report the successful introduction of Co<SUP>2+</SUP> ions into extremely small-sized CdSe clusters with the intention of using internal ligand field transitions to obtain structural insights. Despite the huge mismatch between the radii of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Co<SUP>2+</SUP> ions (>21%), CdSe clusters can be effectively synthesized with a high Co<SUP>2+</SUP> doping concentration of ∼10%. Optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry suggest that one or two Co<SUP>2+</SUP> ions are substitutionally embedded into (CdSe)<SUB>13</SUB> clusters, which is known as one of the smallest CdSe clusters. Using magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy on the intrinsic ligand field transitions between the different <I>3d</I> orbitals of the transition metal dopants, we demonstrate that the Co<SUP>2+</SUP> dopants are embedded on pseudotetrahedral selenium coordinated sites despite the limited number of atoms in the clusters. A significant shortening of Co-Se bond lengths compared to bulk or nanocrystals is observed, which results in the metastability of Co<SUP>2+</SUP> doping. Our results not only extend the doping chemistry of magic-sized semiconductor nanoclusters, but also suggest an effective method to characterize the local structure of these extremely small-sized clusters.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Yang, Jiwoong,Koo, Jahyun,Kim, Seulwoo,Jeon, Sungho,Choi, Back Kyu,Kwon, Sangwoo,Kim, Joodeok,Kim, Byung Hyo,Lee, Won Chul,Lee, Won Bo,Lee, Hoonkyung,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Ercius, Peter,Park, Jungwon American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.2
<P>Nonclassical features of crystallization in solution have been recently identified both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, an amorphous-phase-mediated pathway is found in various crystallization systems as an important route, different from the classical nucleation and growth model. Here, we utilize high-resolution <I>in situ</I> transmission electron microscopy with graphene liquid cells to study amorphous-phase-mediated formation of Ni nanocrystals. An amorphous phase is precipitated in the initial stage of the reaction. Within the amorphous particles, crystalline domains nucleate and eventually form nanocrystals. In addition, unique crystallization behaviors, such as formation of multiple domains and dislocation relaxation, are observed in amorphous-phase-mediated crystallization. Theoretical calculations confirm that surface interactions can induce amorphous precipitation of metal precursors, which is analogous to the surface-induced amorphous-to-crystalline transformation occurring in biomineralization. Our results imply that an unexplored nonclassical growth mechanism is important for the formation of nanocrystals.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
진공 석영관에서 Selenization한 CuInSe₂ 박막 특성분석
양현훈(Yang, Hyeon-Hun),백수웅(Back, Su-Ung),김한울(Kim, Han-Wool),한창준(Han, Chang-Jun),나길주(Na, Kil-Ju),김영준(Kim, Young Jun),소순열(So, Soon-Youl),박계춘(Park, Gye-Choon),이진(Lee, Jin),정해덕(Chung, Hae-Deok) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06
본 실험에서는 CuInSe₂ 3원물질을 화학량론적 조성비가 되도록 박막을 제조하기 위해 각 단위원소를 원자비에 맞춰 전자선가열 진공증착기를 사용하여 Cu, In, Se 순으로 증착하였다. 90?C이하의 온도에서 CuIn₂, In상이 주를 이루며, 100?C이상에서는 Cu_{11}In_9상이 나타나기 시작하고 In상이 증가하였다. 10^{-3}torr이상의 진공석영관에서 열처리와 동시에 Selenization을 통해 제작된 CuInSe₂박막은 열처리온도 250?C에서는 CuxSe, CuSe등의 2차상들이 나타나다가 450?C이상의 고온에서 CuInSe₂ 단일상을 형성하였다. 이로부터 진공중에서 반응을 시켰을 때, 더 낮은 온도에서 반응이 일어나고 열역학적으로 보다 안정한 소수의 화합물들이 쉽게 형성됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 250?C에서는 Sphalerite 구조를 가지다가 350?C이상의 온도에서 Selenization하였을 때 Chalcopyrite 구조를 가졌다. 박막이 두꺼워지면서 결정립의 크기가 커지고 응력이 작아지는 특성을 보였다. 에너지 밴드갭은(E_g)은 Cu/In 성분비율이 클수록 작은값을 보였으며, 결절립크기가 증대되므로 결국 흡수계수가 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 또한 두께가 증가할수록 전반적으로 흡수계수가 증가하였고 Cu/In의 성분비율이 0.97일 때 기초흡수파장은 1,169nm이고 에너지밴드갭은 1.06eV이었으며, 두께 1.5{mu}m이상일 때 전반적으로 양호한 상태의 p-type CuInSe₂박막을 제작하였다.
A Study on Properites of PV Solar cell AZO thin films post-annealing by RTP technique
양현훈(Yang, Hyeon-Hun),김한울(Kim, Han-Wool),한창준(Han, Chang-Jun),소순열(So, Soon-Youl),박계춘(Park, Gye-Choon),이진(Lee, Jin),정해덕(Chung, Hea-Deok),이석호(Lee, Suk-Ho),백수웅(Back, Su-Ung),나길주(Na, Kil-Ju),정운조(Jeong, Woon 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
In this paper, ZnO:Al thin films with c-axis preferred orientation were prepared on Soda lime glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering technique. AZO thin film were prepared in order to clarify optimum conditions for growth of the thin film depending upon process, and then by changing a number of deposition conditions and substrate temperature conditions variously, structural and electrical characteristics were measured. For the manufacture of the AZO were vapor-deposited in the named order. It is well-known that post-annealing is an important method to improve crystal quality. For the annealing process, the dislocation nd other defects arise in the material and adsorption/decomposition occurs. The XRD patterns of the AZO films deposited with grey theory prediction design, annealed in a vacuum ambient(2.0{times}10-3Torr)at temperatures of 200, 300, 400 and 500?C for a period of 30min. The diffraction patterns of all the films show the AZO films had a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. As can be seen, the (002)peak intensities of the AZO films became more intense and sharper when the annealing temperature increased. On the other hand, When the annealing temperature was 500?C the peak intensity decreased. The surface morphologies and surface toughness of films were examined by atomic force microscopy(AFM, XE-100, PSIA). Electrical resistivity, Gall mobility and carrier concentration were measured by Hall effect measuring system (HL5500PC, Accent optical Technology, USA). The optical absorption spectra of films in the ultraviolet-visibleinfrared( UV-Vis-IR) region were recorder by the UV spectrophotometer(U-3501, Hitachi, Japan). The resistivity, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility of ZnS deposited on glass substrate as a function of post-annealing.
양현훈(Yang, Hyeon-Hun),백수웅(Back, Su-Ung),김한울(Kim, Han-Wool),한창준(Han, Chang-Jun),이석호(Lee, Suk-Ho),정운조(Jeong, Woon-Jo),박계춘(Park, Gye-Choon),이진(Lee, Jin),정해덕(Chung, Hae-Deok) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06
CuInS₂ thin films were synthesized by sulfurization of Cu/In Stacked elemental layer deposited onto glass Substrates by vacuum furnace annealing at temperature 200[?C]. And structural and electrical properties were measured in order to certify optimum conditions for growth of the ternary compound semiconductor CuInS₂ thin films with non-stoichiometry composition. CuInS₂ thin film was well made at the heat treatment 200[?C] of SLG/Cu/In/S stacked elemental layer which was prepared by thermal evaporator, and chemical composition of the thin film was analyzed nearly as the proportion of 1 : 1 : 2. Physical properties of the thin film were investigated at various fabrication conditions substrate temperature, annealing and temperature, annealing time by XRD, FE-SEM and hall measurement system. At the same time, carrier concentration, hall mobility and resistivity of the thin films was 9.10568{times}10^{17} [cm^{-3}], 312.502 [cm²/V{cdot}s] and 2.36{times}10^{-2} [{Omega}{cdot}cm], respectively.
A Study on Properites of PV Solar cell n-type ZnS Using RF Sputtering Method
양현훈(Yang, Hyeon-Hun),김한울(Kim, Han-Wool),한창준(Han, Chang-Jun),소순열(So, Soon-Youl),박계춘(Park, Gye-Choon),이진(Lee, Jin),정해덕(Chung, Hea-Deok),이석호(Lee, Suk-Ho),백수웅(Back, Su-Ung),나길주(Na, Kil-Ju),정운조(Jeong, Woon 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
ZnS thin films were deposited with the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique at various temperatures and sputtering powers. With the increase in the deposition temperature and the decrease in the radio frequency sputtering power, the crystallinity was increased and the surface roughness was decreased, which lead to the decrease in the electrical resistivity of the film. It is also clearly observed that, the intensity of the (111) XRD peak increases with increasing the substrate temperature. On the other hand, as seen in the FWHM decreased with increasing the substrate temperature. Since the FWHM of the (111) diffraction peak is inversely properties to the grain size of the film, then grain size of ZnS thin film increases with increasing the substrate temperature. The electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the ZnS film as a function of the post-annealing temperature. It can be seen that with the annealing temperature set at 400?C, the resistivity decreases to a minimum value of 2.1{times}10^{-3};{Omega}cm and the transmittance increases to a maximum value of 80% of the ZnS film.
양승학,김현섭,조원모,김상범,조성백,박규현,최동윤,황성구,유용희,Yang, Seung Hak,Kim, Hyeon Shup,Cho, Won Mo,Kim, Sang Bum,Cho, Sung Back,Park, Kyu Hyun,Choi, Dong Yoon,Hwang, Sung Gu,Yoo, Yong Hee 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.suppl.
증체량은 모든 처리구(281.4~294.5 kg)가 대조구(271.4 kg) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). PS구를 포함한 모든 처리구의 DM, CP 및 TDN 함량이 대조구에 비해 3~8% 향상되는 결과를 얻었으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 모든 시험축군에서 수의적 치료를 요하는 질병은 발생되지 않았다. ES구가 모든 처리구와 비교할 때 총 단백질량은 낮고 BUN은 높은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). 면역물질인 IgG항체 농도는 전 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 혈중 glucose 농도는 대조구(114 mg/dl)를 제외한 모든 처리구(97.8~104 mg/dl)에서 낮은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). ES구(109.8 mg/dl)의 총 cholesterol 농도가 대조구(86.3 mg/dl) 보다 26% 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 간상피세포 손상여부와 관계있는 GOT, GPT는 대조구(56, 14IU/L)에 비해 모든 처리구(45~49, 11~13.8 IU/L)에서 낮은 수치를 보였으며 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 비타민 A는 PS구(36.1 IU/dl)가 다른 처리구(30.9~34.4 IU/dl) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 비타민 C는 ES구(3 mg/L)가 다른 시험구(3.7~3.9 mg/L) 보다 낮았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 또한 모든 처리구의 비타민 E(150.1~155.4 IU/dl)는 대조구(143.7 IU/dl) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). Effect of commercial Direct Fed Microbials (DFM) or protease treated feed (PTF) supplementation on growth rate and biogenic substances such as BUN, glucose, IgG, GOT, GPT and Vitamin A, C, E from Holstein steers was studied for 7 months. Thirty two steers aged 2~3 months were separated with 4 groups for control, DFM (PS), protease (ES) and their mix (PS + ES) supplementally fed 0, 100, 100 and 50 + 50 g/day respectively. Weight gain was averagely higher in PS than any others, although there were no differences significantly. All treatments enhanced to 3~8% of control in dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrient (P>0.05). Metabolic diseases with veterinary cure had not shown in this study. Plasma GOT and GPT were lower in the PS and ES than control. Plasma glucose concentration was also lower in PS than the others. Total cholesterol of ES was higher than the others but that of PS is the lowest. Plasma vitamin C was higher in PS than the others. It was shown that dietary PS affected change from glucose to vitamin C with not overloading liver. Conclusionally, PS and ES were shown to enhance metabolic health of steers during growing period.
최도영,이재동,백용현,이송실,유명철,한정수,양형인,박상도,유미현,박은경,박동석,Choi, Do-young,Lee, Jae-dong,Back, Yong-hyeon,Lee, Song-shil,Yoo, Myung-chul,Han, Chung-soo,Yang, Hyung-in,Park, Sang-do,Ryu, Mi-hyun,Park, Eun-kyung,Park, 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that pathogenesis is not fully understood and one of the most intractable musculoskeletal diseases. The concern in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been increased since 1980's and many immunotherapeutic agents including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were developed and became the mainstay of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the cure of the disease has hardly been achieved. In oriental medicine, rheumatoid arthritis is related to Bi-Zheng(痺證), that presents pain, swelling, andlor loss of joint function as major clinical manifestations, and also known to be deeply involved in suppression of immune function related to weakness of Jung-Ki(正氣). The herbal medicine, empirically used, could be a potential resource of development of new immunotherapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We developed a search strategy using terms to include "rheumatoid arthritis and herbal medicine" combined with "Chinese medicine" and/or "Oriental medicine". The search was focused on experimental studies of herbal medicine (January 1999 to May 2004), which is known to have effects on immune function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Computerized search used Internet databases including KISS and RISS4U (Korea), CNKI (China), MOMJ (Main Oriental Medicine Journal, Japan), and PubMed. The articles were selected from journals of universities or major research institutes. Results : The literature search for experimental studies on effects of herbal medicine on immunity of rheumatoid arthritis retrieved a total of 21 articles (Korea; 8, China ; 12, Japan ; 1). Of 21 articles, 10 were related to single-drug formula, 2 to drug interaction, and 9 to multi-drug formula. Single-drug formula was mainly used for aqua-acupuncture and researches on active components. Studies of drug interaction emphasized harmony of Ki-Hyul(氣血) and balance of Han-Yeul(寒熱). Multi-drug regimen was mainly found among formulas for Bo-Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and Bo-Sin(補腎). Conclusion : Studies on rheumatoid arthritis were performed both in vitro and in vivo in vitro study, LPS-stimulated splenocytes and synoviocytes were treated with herbal medicine, resulting in proliferation and activation of immune cells and suppression of cytokine activities in vivo study CIA animal model demonstrated that herbal medicine decreased antibody production and improved function of immune cells. In cellular and molecular study herbal medicine showed profound effects on the level of mRNA expression of certain cytokines related to immune function. This study revealed that herbal medicine has significant immune modulatory action and could be used for recovery of immune dysfunction of rheumatoid arthritis patients.