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On the hydraulic axial thrust of Francis hydro-turbine
Xing-Ying Ji,Xiao-Bin Li,Wen-Tao Su,Xu Lai,Tian-Xiao Zhao 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.5
We present a new method for the computation of hydraulic axial thrust of Francis hydro-turbine. This approach combines the computation of axial thrust on the crown, band and blade by using the numerical simulation and calculation of the pressure distribution outside the crown and band based on the theory of fluid mechanics. The axial thrusts are calculated for different flow conditions with various suction head and flow rate. The calculated results are consistent with that of experimental test on the prototype hydro-turbine, and this combination is proven to be an effective way to assess the magnitude of hydraulic axial thrust for hydro-turbine. Also, the suction head of the turbine is shown to have significant influence on the hydraulic axial thrust.
Xing Chun Wang,Xiao Yi Bi,Pei Shi Sun,Jin Quan Chen,Ping Zou,Xiao Ming Ma,Jing Zhang,Hai Yu Wang,Xiao Yi Xu 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.5
This study uses microbial methods to research the influence of oxygen (O2) content on the removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a tandem twin-towers desulfurization and denitrification process system. Oxygen can play a significant role in biotrickling towers. Other important factors had already been optimized prior to the study, including inlet concentration, gas flow rate, and temperature. SO2 and NOx were prepared by a chemical method. A gas flow meter was used to regulate nitrogen (N2) that had been stored in steel cylinders. In this way, the O2 content was adjusted in the biotrickling towers by controlling the N2 flow rate. Five gradients of O2 content were selected for investigation, namely 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20%. Results indicated that the SO2 removal efficiency from mixed gas (SO2 and NOx) can reach 100%, from all of the five O2 gradients, in biotrickling towers. In a tandem twin-towers desulfurization and denitrification process system, the NOx removal efficiency and the inlet concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gradually increased as the O2 content increased. Specifically, the average removal efficiency of NOx increased from 49.28 to 80.85% as the O2 content changed from 4 to 20%. The oxygen levels influenced the removal of NOx but the SO2 removal efficiency in mixed gas was always stable.
An Overview of Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Xing, Xiao-Gang,Zhao, Dong-Zhi,Liu, Yu-Guang,Yang, Jian-Hong,Xiu, Peng,Wang, Lin The Korean Society of Oceanography 2007 Ocean science journal Vol.42 No.1
Besides empirical algorithms with the blue-green ratio, the algorithms based on fluorescence are also important and valid methods for retrieving chlorophyll-a concentration in the ocean waters, especially for Case II waters and the sea with algal blooming. This study reviews the history of initial cognitions, investigations and detailed approaches towards chlorophyll fluorescence, and then introduces the biological mechanism of fluorescence remote sensing and main spectral characteristics such as the positive correlation between fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration, the red shift phenomena. Meanwhile, there exist many influence factors that increase complexity of fluorescence remote sensing, such as fluorescence quantum yield, physiological status of various algae, substances with related optical property in the ocean, atmospheric absorption etc. Based on these cognitions, scientists have found two ways to calculate the amount of fluorescence detected by ocean color sensors: fluorescence line height and reflectance ratio. These two ways are currently the foundation for retrieval of chlorophyll-a concentration in the ocean. As the in-situ measurements and synchronous satellite data are continuously being accumulated, the fluorescence remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentration in Case II waters should be recognized more thoroughly and new algorithms could be expected.
An Overview of Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Xiao-Gang Xing,Dong-Zhi Zhao,Yu-Guang Liu,Jian-Hong Yang,Peng Xiu,Lin Wang 한국해양과학기술원 2007 Ocean science journal Vol.42 No.1
Besides empirical algorithms with the blue-green ratio, the algorithms based on fluorescence are also important and valid methods for retrieving chlorophyll-a concentration in the ocean waters, especially for Case II waters and the sea with algal blooming. This study reviews the history of initial cognitions, investigations and detailed approaches towards chlorophyll fluorescence, and then introduces the biological mechanism of fluorescence remote sensing and main spectral characteristics such as the positive correlation between fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration, the red shift phenomena. Meanwhile, there exist many influence factors that increase complexity of fluorescence remote sensing, such as fluorescence quantum yield, physiological status of various algae, substances with related optical property in the ocean, atmospheric absorption etc. Based on these cognitions, scientists have found two ways to calculate the amount of fluorescence detected by ocean color sensors: fluorescence line height and reflectance ratio. These two ways are currently the foundation for retrieval of chlorophyll-a concentration in the ocean. As the in-situ measurements and synchronous satellite data are continuously being accumulated, the fluorescence remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentration in Case II waters should be recognized more thoroughly and new algorithms could be expected.
( Xiao Juan Xing ),( Yong Sheng Tian ),( Ri He Peng ),( Jing Xu ),( Wei Zhao ),( Quan Hong Yao ),( Sheng Sun ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.10
Although a large number of AroA enzymes (EPSPS: 5-enopyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) have been identified, cloned, and tested for glyphosate resistance, only two AroA variants, derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 and Zea mays, have been utilized to produce the commercial glyphosate-resistant crops. Here, we have used a PCR-based twostep DNA synthesis method to synthesize an aroA gene (aroAA. metalliredigens) from Alkaliphilus metalliredigens, encoding a new EPSPS. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis with the new aroAA. metalliredigens gene was obtained to confirm the potential of the novel aroA gene in developing glyphosate-resistant crops.
( Xing Long Wang ),( Li Liu ),( Si Xiu Liu ),( Xiao Qing Sun ),( Zhong Xiang Deng ),( Yan Pi ),( Xiao Fen Sun ),( Ke Xuan Tang ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.5
A new CRT binding factor (CBF) gene designated Cbcbf25 was cloned from Capsella bursa pastoris, a wild grass, by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of Cbcbf25 was 898 bp with a 669 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative DRE/CRT (LTRE)-binding protein of 223 amino acids. The predicted CbCBF25 protein contained a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in its N-terminal region followed by an AP2 DNA-binding motif and a possible acidic activation domain in the C-terminal region. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Cbcbf25 has a high level of similarity with other CBF genes like cbfl, cbf2, and cbf3 from Arabidopsis thaliana, and Bncbf5, Bncbf7, Bncbfl6, and Bncbfl7 from Brassica napus. A cold acclimation assay showed that Cbcbf25 was expressed immediately after cold triggering, but this expression was transient, suggesting that it concerns cold acclimation. Our study implies that Cbcbf25 is an analogue of other CBF genes and may participate in cold-response, by for example, controlling the expression of cold-regulated genes or increasing the freezing tolerance of plants.
Li, Xing,Zhong, Xiang,Chen, Zhan-Hong,Xing, Yan-Fang,Wu, Dong-Hao,Chen, Jie,Ma, Xiao-Kun,Lin, Qu,Wen, Jing-Yun,Wei, Li,Wang, Tian-Tian,Ruan, Dan-Yun,Lin, Ze-Xiao,Wu, Xiang-Yuan,Dong, Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22
Background: This retrospective study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic agents in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving TACE and compare the difference between lamivudine and entecavir. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 203 HBV-related HCC patients receiving TACE were analyzed including 91 patients given prophylactic agents. Virologic events, defined as an increase in serum HBV DNA level to more than 1 log10 IU/ml higher than the nadir level, hepatitis flares due to HBV reactivation and progression free survival (PFS) were the main endpoints. Results: Some 48 (69.6%) reached virologic response. Prophylaxis significantly reduced virologic events (8.8% vs 58.0%, p=0.000) and hepatitis flares (1.1% vs 13.4%, p=0.001). Patients presenting undetectable HBV DNA levels displayed a significantly improved PFS as compared to those who never achieved undetectable HBV DNA. Prophylaxis and e-antigen positivity were the only significant variables associated with virologic events. In addition, prophylaxis was the only independent protective factor for hepatitis flares. Liver cirrhosis, more cycles of TACE, HBV DNA negativity, a lower Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score, non-metastasis and no hepatitis flares were protective factors for PFS. Prophylactic lamivudine demonstrated similar efficacy as entecavir. Conclusions: Prophylactic agents are efficacious for prevention of HBV reactivation in HCC patients receiving TACE. Achievement of undetectable HBV DNA levels displayed a significant capability in improving PFS. Moreover, persistent tumor residual lesions, positive HBV DNA and hepatitis B flares might be causes of tumor progression in these patients.
Serum Amyloid A is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Ni, Xiao-Chun,Yi, Yong,Fu, Yi-Peng,He, Hong-Wei,Cai, Xiao-Yan,Wang, Jia-Xing,Zhou, Jian,Fan, Jia,Qiu, Shuang-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24
Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of serum amyloid A (SAA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing surgery. Materials and Methods: Preoperative serum samples of 328 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection and of 47 patients with benign liver lesion were assayed. Serum levels of SAA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival were explored. Results: Levels of SAA were significantly higher in patients with HCC than those with benign liver lesion. There were strong correlations between preoperative serum SAA level and tumor size and more advanced BCLC stage. On univariate analysis, elevated SAA was associated with reduced disease-free survival and overall survival (p=0.001 and 0.03, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that serum SAA level was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 2.80, p=0.01). Conclusions: High SAA serum level is a novel biomarker for the prognosis of HCC patients.