Using Pre-Clinical Studies to Explore the Potential Clinical Uses of Exosomes Secreted from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem cells

Zhou Andrew Kailin,Jou Eric,Lu Victor,Zhang James,Chabra Shirom,Abishek Joshua,Wong Ethan,Zeng Xianwei,Guo Baoqiang 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2023 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.20 No.6

Recent studies of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have indicated high potential clinical applications in many diseases. However, the limited source of MSCs impedes their clinical research and application. Most recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a promising source of MSCs. Exosome therapy based on iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) is a novel technique with much of its therapeutic potential untapped. Compared to MSCs, iMSCs have proved superior in cell proliferation, immunomodulation, generation of exosomes capable of controlling the microenvironment, and bioactive paracrine factor secretion, while also theoretically eliminating the dependence on immunosuppression drugs. The therapeutic effects of iMSC-derived exosomes are explored in many diseases and are best studied in wound healing, cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal pathology. It is pertinent clinicians have a strong understanding of stem cell therapy and the latest advances that will eventually translate into clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the various applications of exosomes derived from iMSCs in clinical medicine.

Optimal Power Control in Cooperative Relay Networks Based on a Differential Game

Haitao Xu,Xianwei Zhou 한국전자통신연구원 2014 ETRI Journal Vol.36 No.2

In this paper, the optimal power control problem in acooperative relay network is investigated and a new powercontrol scheme is proposed based on a non-cooperativedifferential game. Optimal power allocated to each nodefor a relay is formulated using the Nash equilibrium in thispaper, considering both the throughput and energyefficiency together. It is proved that the non-cooperativedifferential game algorithm is applicable and the optimalpower level can be achieved.

Service Scheduling in Cloud Computing based on Queuing Game Model

( Fuhong Lin ),( Xianwei Zhou ),( Daochao Huang ),( Wei Song ),( Dongsheng Han ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.5

Cloud Computing allows application providers seamlessly scaling their services and enables users scaling their usage according to their needs. In this paper, using queuing game model, we present service scheduling schemes which are used in software as a service (SaaS). The object is maximizing the Cloud Computing platform`s (CCP`s) payoff via controlling the service requests whether to join or balk, and controlling the value of CCP`s admission fee. Firstly, we treat the CCP as one virtual machine (VM) and analyze the optimal queue length with a fixed admission fee distribution. If the position number of a new service request is bigger than the optimal queue length, it balks. Otherwise, it joins in. Under this scheme, the CCP`s payoff can be maximized. Secondly, we extend this achievement to the multiple VMs situation. A big difference between single VM and multiple VMs is that the latter one needs to decide which VM the service requests turn to for service. We use a corresponding algorithm solve it. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of our schemes.

Study on mechanical performance of composite beam with innovative composite slabs

Yunlong Yu,Yong Yang,Xianwei Zhou,Charles W. Roeder,Xudong Huo 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.21 No.3

A new type of composite beam which consists of a wide flange steel shape beam and an innovative type of composite slab was introduced. The composite slab is composed of concrete slab and normal flat steel plates, which are connected by perfobond shear connectors (PBL shear connectors). This paper describes experiments of two large-scale specimens of that composite beam. Both specimens were loaded at two symmetric points for 4-point loading status, and mechanical behaviors under hogging and sagging bending moments were investigated respectively. During the experiments, the crack patterns, failure modes, failure mechanism and ultimate bending capacity of composite beam specimens were investigated, and the strains of concrete and flat steel plate as well as steel shapes were measured and recorded. As shown from the experimental results, composite actions were fully developed between the steel shape and the composite slab, this new type of composite beams was found to have good mechanical performance both under hogging and sagging bending moment with high bending capacity, substantial flexure rigidity and good ductility. It was further shown that the plane-section assumption was verified. Moreover, a design procedure including calculation methods of bending capacity of this new type of composite beam was studied and proposed based on the experimental results, and the calculation methods based on the plane-section assumption and plastic theories were also verified by comparisons of the calculated results and experimental results, which were agreed with each other.

Load Balancing Algorithm of Ultra-Dense Networks: a Stochastic Differential Game based Scheme

( Haitao Xu ),( Zhen He ),( Xianwei Zhou ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.7

Increasing traffic and bandwidth requirements bring challenges to the next generation wireless networks (5G). As one of the main technology in 5G networks, Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) can be used to improve network coverage. In this paper, a radio over fiber based model is proposed to solve the load balancing problem in ultra-dense network. Stochastic differential game is introduced for the load balancing algorithm, and optimal load allocated to each access point (RAP) are formulated as Nash Equilibrium. It is proved that the optimal load can be achieved and the stochastic differential game based scheme is applicable and acceptable. Numerical results are given to prove the effectiveness of the optimal algorithm.

COOPERATIVE PREVIEW FOLLOWING CONTROL OF INTELLIGENT MULTIPLE-VEHICLE SYSTEM

Wan Neng,Zeng Guangping,Xianwei Zhou 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.2

This paper introduces a design and analysis method of the intelligent multiple-vehicle system (IMVS) based on preview control in the environment of the vehicle to vehicle (V2V). Considering the time delay, the vehicle longitudinal dynamics system is constructed. The information flow between vehicles in the platoon is realized by the onboard sensors and V2V. Based on the actual data sampling and processing, the cooperative optimal preview control problem of the vehicle platoon stability system is discretized. The error is used as a term of the state vector to expand, and the original problem is transformed into an augmented global optimal control problem. The existence and stability of the controller solution are analyzed. The asymptotically stable optimal control law is obtained by using the state augmented matrix, and the global optimal preview controller of original platoon stability is obtained. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the designed controller. The following error decreases with the increase of the preview step, which ensures the stability of the platoon. From the first follower to the tenth one, the average spacing error decreases by 92.9 %, and the average following error of velocity decreases from 3.97 to 1.56 %.

Static Experiment on Mechanical Behavior of Innovative Flat Steel Plate-Concrete Composite Slabs

Yong Yang,Ru-yue Liu,Xudong Huo,Xianwei Zhou,Charles W. Roeder 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.2

A new type of composite slab is introduced in this paper, which is composed of normal fl at steel plates and concrete slabs, connected and interacted by perfobond shear connectors (PBL shear connectors). Experiments on six specimens of this type of composite slab, loaded at two symmetric two-points, were described in this paper to get mechanical behaviors under bending moments. During the experiments, the crack patterns, failure modes, failure mechanism and ultimate bending capacity of specimens with composite slab were investigated, and the strains of concrete and fl at steel plates were also measured and recorded in order to obtain the moment action. From the experimental results, it was found that composite interaction between the steel plate and the concrete fully developed, and such composite slab was verifi ed to have good mechanical performance with high bending capacity, substantial fl exural rigidity and good ductility. Plane section assumption was also verifi ed and moreover, a design approach including calculation methods of bending capacity and fl exural rigidity was established and proposed based on the experimental results, and the calculation methods were also verifi ed and revised on the basis of comparisons of the calculated results and experimental results. Results from this paper provide references for the application of this new type composite slab.

Scaffold Engineering with Flavone-Modified Biomimetic Architecture for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications

Xie Chao,Guo Ting,Wang Wei,Li Gang,Cai Zhou,Chen Shen,Wang Xianwei,Liu Ziyu,Wang Zuyong 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.4

BACKGROUND: Vascular intimal hyperplasia (IH) is one of the key challenges in the clinical application of smalldiameter vascular grafts. Current tissue engineering strategies focus on vascularization and antithrombotics, yet few approaches have been developed to treat IH. Here, we designed a tissue-engineered vascular scaffold with portulaca flavonoid (PTF) composition and biomimetic architecture. METHOD: By electrospinning, PTF is integrated with biodegradable poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) into a bionic vascular scaffold. The structure and functions of the scaffolds were evaluated based on material characterization and cellular biocompatibility. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) were cultured on scaffolds for up to 14 days. RESULTS: The incorporation of PTF and preparation parameters during fabrication influences the morphology of the scaffold, including fibre diameter, structure, and orientation. Compared to the PCL scaffold, the scaffolds integrated with bioactive PTF show better hydrophilicity and degradability. HVSMCs seeded on the scaffold alongside the fibres exhibit fusiform-like shapes, indicating that the scaffold can provide contact guidance for cell morphology alterations. This study demonstrates that the PCL/PTF (9.1%) scaffold inhibits the excessive proliferation of HVSMCs without causing cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION: The study provides insights into the problem of restenosis caused by IH. This engineered vascular scaffold with complex function and preparation is expected to be applied as a substitute for small-diameter vascular grafts.