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Jiang, Huax2010,Wei,Tanaka, Takayuki,Kim, Taeyeon,Sung, Young Mo,Mori, Hirotaka,Kim, Dongho,Osuka, Atsuhiro WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 Angewandte Chemie. international edition Vol.54 No.50
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A set of 5,15‐biphenylene‐bridged porphyrin wheels, namely, [<I>n</I>]cyclo‐5,15‐porphyrinylene‐4,4′‐biphenylenes <B>[<I>n</I>]CPB</B>, have been synthesized through the platination of 5,15‐bis(4‐(pinacolboranyl)phenyl) nickel(II) porphyrin and subsequent reductive elimination of Pt<SUP>II</SUP>(cod)‐bridged cyclic porphyrin intermediates. The calculated strain energies for <B>[3]CPB</B>, <B>[4]CPB</B>, <B>[5]CPB</B>, and <B>[6]CPB</B> are 49.3, 32.9, 23.5, and 16.0 kcal mol<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. UV/Vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry indicated characteristic ring‐size‐dependent absorption‐peak shifts and redox‐potential shifts, which presumably reflect the degree of strain in the π‐systems. Excitation‐energy hopping (EEH) times were determined to be 5.1, 8.0, 8.0, and 9.6 ps for <B>[3]CPB</B>, <B>[4]CPB</B>, <B>[5]CPB</B>, and <B>[6]CPB</B>, respectively, in a pump‐power‐dependent TA experiment.</P>
Jiang, Fen,Desta, Zeruesenay,Shon, Jix2010,Hong,Yeo, Changx2010,Woo,Kim, Hox2010,Sook,Liu, Kwangx2010,Hyeon,Bae, Soox2010,Kyung,Lee, Sangx2010,Seop,Flockhart, David A.,Shin, Jaex2010,Goo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol.75 No.1
<P><B>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT</B></P><P>• Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 is the enzyme primarily responsible for the metabolism of many clinically important drugs, including efavirenz, which it converts to 8‐hydroxyefavirenz and then to 8,14‐hydroxyefavirenz.</P><P>• The CYP2B6*6 polymorphism influences efavirenz pharmacokinetics, but a validated phenotyping method for predicting CYP2B6 activity in human subjects is not yet available.</P><P>• The disposition of 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz in humans <I>in vivo</I> is unknown.</P><P><B>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS</B></P><P>• This study is the first quantitative examination of 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz pharmacokinetics in human subjects.</P><P>• The 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio correlates with efavirenz oral clearance and is sensitive and specific to CYP2B6 activity alterations.</P><P>• The 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio may be a useful phenotyping index for CYP2B6 activity <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P><B>AIMS</B> To evaluate the effects of clopidogrel and itraconazole on the disposition of efavirenz and its hydroxyl metabolites in relation to the <I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>6</I> genotype and explore potential phenotyping indices for CYP2B6 activity <I>in vivo</I> using a low dose of oral efavirenz.</P><P><B>METHODS</B> We conducted a randomized three phase crossover study in 17 healthy Korean subjects pre‐genotyped for the <I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>6</I> allele (<I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>1</I>/*<I>1</I>, <I>n</I>= 6; *<I>1</I>/*<I>6</I>, <I>n</I>= 6; *<I>6</I>/*<I>6</I>, <I>n</I>= 5). Subjects were pretreated with clopidogrel (75 mg day<SUP>−1</SUP> for 4 days), itraconazole (200 mg day<SUP>−1</SUP> for 6 days), or placebo and then given a single dose of efavirenz (200 mg). The plasma (0–120 h) and urine (0–24 h) concentrations of efavirenz and its metabolites (7‐ and 8‐hydroxyefavirenz and 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz) were determined by LC/MS/MS.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B> This study is the first to delineate quantitatively the full (phase I and II) metabolic profile of efavirenz and its three hydroxyl metabolites in humans. Clopidogrel pretreatment markedly decreased AUC(0,48 h), <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> and Ae(0,24 h) for 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz, compared with placebo; 95% CI of the ratios were 0.55, 0.73, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.25, 0.47, respectively. The 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio was significantly correlated with the weight‐adjusted CL/<I>F</I> of efavirenz (<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP>≈ 0.4, <I>P</I> < 0.05), differed with <I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>6</I> genotype and was affected by clopidogrel pretreatment (<I>P</I> < 0.05) but not by itraconazole pretreatment.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B> The disposition of 8,14‐dihydroxy‐EFV appears to be sensitive to CYP2B6 activity alterations in human subjects. The 8,14‐dihydroxyefaviremz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio is attractive as a candidate phenotyping index for CYP2B6 activity <I>in vivo</I>.</P>
First isolation of rickettsia monacensis from a patient in south korea
Kim, Yeonx2010,Sook,Choi, Yeonx2010,Joo,Lee, Kyungx2010,Min,Ahn, Kyux2010,Joong,Kim, Heungx2010,Chul,Klein, Terry,Jiang, Ju,Richards, Allen,Park, Kyungx2010,Hee,Jang, Wonx2010,Jong Wiley-Blackwell 2017 Microbiology and immunology Vol.61 No.7
Dahms, Hansx2010,Uwe,Tseng, Lix2010,Chun,Hsiao, Shihx2010,Hui,Chen, Qingx2010,Chao,Hwang, Jiangx2010,Shiou Springer Japan 2013 Ecological research Vol.28 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The mesozooplankton of a river tributary in Oceania is evaluated and is correlated against environmental, abiotic, and biological attributes of this lotic system. Abundance, distribution, and the diversity of mesozooplankton was studied at nine stations including one estuarine station during ten sampling campaigns from June 2004 to December 2005 along the Lanyang River, the largest river and estuarine ecosystem in northeastern Taiwan. Mesozooplankton was dominated by copepods, cladocerans, and fish larvae. Among all samples, the highest abundances of mesozooplankton (5,049.36 individuals m<SUP>−3</SUP>) occurred in the estuary station in August 2004, which also corresponds to the highest salinities (37.0), indicating the marine role in shaping the estuarine planktonic assemblages. The abundance of mesozooplankton and number of mesozooplankton taxa were significantly higher in samples of the estuarine station than in the riverine stations (<I>p</I> < 0.05, one‐way ANOVA). The number of mesozooplankton taxa number was affected by water temperature (<I>r</I> = 0.697; <I>p</I> = 0.025, Pearson's correlation) that was primarily influenced by the weather that was in turn affected by seasonal monsoons.</P>
Y. Shi,R. Zhao,C. Z. Jiang,X. J. Fan 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2002 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.6 No.2
The Si_(1-x)Ge_x/Si surface alloy (x = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5), which are prepared by solid source MBE and have the SiGe epilayer thickness of 50Å, are annealed with different parameters. The surface structure analyses of the heterostructure samples are made on a triple-axis X-ray diffractometer in grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) geometry. It has been found that with different annealing time (1.5h, 18h, 64h) and annealing temperature (550℃, 750℃), the SiGe epilayer experienced different strain relaxation process, which was deduced from the GIXRD measurements of the in-plane (220) diffraction peak of Si(001) substrate and the relevant (220) surface diffraction of SiGe epilayer. The results show that the stress relieving and the lateral strain relaxation in the SiGe/Si heterostructure can be promoted by correct annealing, which is very helpful for the preparation of SiGe/Si strained superlattice with fine strain crystallization.
Li, Jinjie,Li, Yang,Yin, Zhigang,Jiang, Jihong,Zhang, Minghui,Guo, Xiao,Ye, Zhujia,Zhao, Yan,Xiong, Haiyan,Zhang, Zhanying,Shao, Yujie,Jiang, Conghui,Zhang, Hongliang,An, Gynheung,Paek, Namx2010,Cho John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 Plant biotechnology journal Vol.15 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that directly implicate plant growth and crop productivity. Although many genes in response to drought stress have been identified, genetic improvement to drought resistance especially in food crops is showing relatively slow progress worldwide. Here, we reported the isolation of <I>abscisic acid</I>,<I> stress</I> and <I>ripening</I> (<I>ASR</I>) genes from upland rice variety, IRAT109 (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L. ssp. <I>japonica</I>), and demonstrated that overexpression of <I>OsASR5</I> enhanced osmotic tolerance in <I>Escherichia coli</I> and drought tolerance in <I>Arabidopsis</I> and rice by regulating leaf water status under drought stress conditions. Moreover, overexpression of <I>OsASR5</I> in rice increased endogenous ABA level and showed hypersensitive to exogenous ABA treatment at both germination and postgermination stages. The production of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, a second messenger for the induction of stomatal closure in response to ABA, was activated in overexpression plants under drought stress conditions, consequently, increased stomatal closure and decreased stomatal conductance. In contrast, the loss‐of‐function mutant, <I>osasr5</I>, showed sensitivity to drought stress with lower relative water content under drought stress conditions. Further studies demonstrated that OsASR5 functioned as chaperone‐like protein and interacted with stress‐related HSP40 and 2OG‐Fe (II) oxygenase domain containing proteins in yeast and plants. Taken together, we suggest that <I>OsASR5</I> plays multiple roles in response to drought stress by regulating ABA biosynthesis, promoting stomatal closure, as well as acting as chaperone‐like protein that possibly prevents drought stress‐related proteins from inactivation.</P>
Jiang, Huax2010,Wei,Kim, Taeyeon,Tanaka, Takayuki,Kim, Dongho,Osuka, Atsuhiro WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2016 Chemistry Vol.22 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Directly 2,12‐ and 2,8‐linked Zn<SUP>II</SUP> porphyrin oligomers were prepared from 2,12‐ and 2,8‐diborylated Zn<SUP>II</SUP> porphyrin by a cross platinum‐induced coupling with a 2‐borylated Zn<SUP>II</SUP> porphyrin end unit followed by a triphenylphosphine (PPh<SUB>3</SUB>)‐mediated reductive elimination. Comparative studies on the steady‐state absorption and fluorescence spectra and the fluorescence lifetimes led to a conclusion that the exciton in the S<SUB>1</SUB> state is delocalized over approximately four and two Zn<SUP>II</SUP> porphyrin units for 2,12‐ and 2,8‐linked Zn<SUP>II</SUP> porphyrin arrays, respectively.</P>
Jiang, Yunhe,Bao, Liang,Jeong, Sox2010,Yoon,Kim, Seongx2010,Ki,Xu, Caiguo,Li, Xianghua,Zhang, Qifa Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 The Plant journal Vol.70 No.3
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Organ size is determined by cell number and size, and involves two fundamental processes: cell proliferation and cell expansion. Although several plant hormones are known to play critical roles in shaping organ size by regulating the cell cycle, it is not known whether brassinosteroids (BRs) are also involved in regulating cell division. Here we identified a rice T‐DNA insertion mutant for organ size, referred to as <I>xiao</I>, that displays dwarfism and erect leaves, typical BR‐related phenotypes, together with reduced seed setting. <I>XIAO</I> is predicted to encode an LRR kinase. The small stature of the <I>xiao</I> mutant resulted from reduced organ sizes due to decreased cell numbers resulting from reduced cell division rate, as supported by the observed co‐expression of <I>XIAO</I> with a number of genes involved in cell cycling. The <I>xiao</I> mutant displayed a tissue‐specific enhanced BR response and greatly reduced BR contents at the whole‐plant level. These results indicated that XIAO is a regulator of BR signaling and cell division. Thus, XIAO may provide a possible connection between BRs and cell‐cycle regulation in controlling organ growth.</P>
Kang, Junghee,Jiang, Mei Hua,Min, Hyun Jung,Jo, Eunx2010,Kyeong,Lee, Soojin,Karin, Michael,Yune, Tae Young,Lee, Sung Joong WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 European journal of immunology Vol.41 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by massive infiltration and activation of myeloid cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, but the functions of these cells are controversial. In this study, our objective was to elucidate the in vivo role of a signaling pathway involved in activation of these innate immune cells in SCI using myeloid cell‐specific IκB kinase (IKK)‐β conditional knockout (<TEX>${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$</TEX><IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/tex2gif-ueqn-1.gif' alt ='equation image'/> ) mice. In these mice, the <I>ikk</I>β gene has been specifically deleted from myeloid cells, compromising their in vivo IKK/NF‐κB‐dependent activation. We found that <TEX>${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$</TEX><IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/tex2gif-ueqn-2.gif' alt ='equation image'/> mice had significantly reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltrations after SCI compared to <I>ikk</I>β<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls. SCI‐induced proinflammatory gene expression was also reduced in <TEX>${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$</TEX><IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/tex2gif-ueqn-3.gif' alt ='equation image'/> mice. Reduced neuroinflammation in <TEX>${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$</TEX><IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/tex2gif-ueqn-4.gif' alt ='equation image'/> mice was accompanied by attenuated neuronal loss and behavioral deficits in motor activity. In addition, the SCI‐induced expression of CXC ligand 1 was reduced in <TEX>${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$</TEX><IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/tex2gif-ueqn-5.gif' alt ='equation image'/> mice, which may be responsible for the reduced neutrophil infiltration in these mice. Our data demonstrate that IKK‐β‐dependent myeloid cell activation potentiates neuroinflammation and neuronal damage after SCI.</P>