정부 조직개편의 정치권력적 성격 : 김영삼정부'와 '김대중정부'의 중앙행정기구개편 사례 Kim Young Sam and Kim Dae Joong Administrative Cases

김우식 청주대학교 사회과학연구소 2005 한국사회과학연구 Vol.27 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 정부조직 개편의 정치권력적 특성을 밝히는 것이다. 이러한 특성은 두 가지 측면에서 나타난다. 하나는 정권의 담당 주체들이 정치적 목적을 가지고 조직개편을 시도하게 되어 처음부터 정치적 성격을 갖고 출발하는 경우가 많다. 또 다른 하나는 정부조직의 개편이 기존의 조직을 변동시키는 적극적 작용이기 때문에 조직 개편이 기존의 이해구조를 변화시키게 됨으로써 이해 당사자들은 변화의 결과 자신의 이익을 극대화하기 위하여 여러 노력을 경주하게 된다. 이러한 과정은 필연적으로 정치권력적 상호작용을 수반하게 되어 정부조직개편은 정치적 성격을 강하게 나타내게 된다. 조직개편의 정치권력적 속성을 밝히기 위하여 김영삼 정부(1993년 2월~1998년 2월)와 김대중 정부(1998년 2월~2003년 2월) 기간 동안에 이루어진 조직개편 사례를 분석 대상으로 선정하여 정치권력적 속성을 비교 분석하였다. 분석에서는 조직개편의 정치적 상황 요인, 조직개편의 목표, 조직개편의 추진세력과 힘의 소재, 조직개편의 의사결정과정, 그리고 조직개편의 결과(내용)를 분석 요소로 선정하였다. Structural reform of government is a power political phenomenon. Reform is accompanied by many changes of invested interests among administrative agencies and bureaucrats. And they are intersted in advantages or disadvantages which the newly reformed structures are able to offer. So power politics is natural in changing world of reforming governmental structures. Two Kim's Adminstratives initiated many important periodical reformations in government structure. Many environmental factors and political reasons made tow Kims push administrative agencies reformation. In the process of reforming changes many revolts has been burst and many interests were struggling for maintaining or expanding their agencies. These problems can be solved by political actions among actors. So power political characteristics is unavoidable in reforming governmental structures. This study focused on and analyzed political characteristics of reorganizing environmental demands, goals of reorganization, locus of power of initiating reform, decision making process and results of reorganized structures in the reformed cases from Kim Young Sam Administrative to Kim Dae Joong Administative.

Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 이트라코나졸 액과 플루코나졸 시럽의 예방 효과 : 전향적, 무작위, 비교 임상시험

최수미,이동건,최정현,박선희,엄기성,김유진,김희제,민창기,유진홍,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 조혈모세포이식 환자에서 호중구 감소 기간 동안 이트라코나졸 액(ITZS)과 플루코나졸 시럽(FCZS)의 진균 감염에 대한 예방 효과를 전향적으로 비교해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 8월부터 2002년 6월까지 가톨릭 조혈모세포이식센터에 입원하여 동종 조혈모세포이식을 받은 만 18세 이상의 환자들을 각각 ITZS와 FCZS군으로 무작위 배정하여 침습성 진균 감염 발생과 약제 관련 부작용을 전향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : ITZS군에 40명, FCZS군에 38명이 배정되었고, FCZS군 환자의 평균 나이가 더 많았다. 시험 약제 평균투여기간은 ITZS군 16.4일, FCZS군 21.9일로 ITZS군이 더 짧았다. 이는 ITZS군에서 소화기 부작용으로 인한 약제 중단이 더 많았기 때문으로 보인다. 시험 약제 투여 후 총 빌리루빈 수치의 유의한 증가가 관찰되었으나, 약제 관련 부작용은 모든 환자에서 가역적이었다. 호중구감소 기간동안 표재성 진균 감염은 두 군에서 모두 발생하지 않았고, 침습성 진균 감염은 ITZS군 5명(12.5%), FCZS군 8명(21.1%)으로 FCZS군에서 많았으나, 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았고, 사망률에도 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 이트라코나졸 액과플루코라졸 시럽의 예방 효과에 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 앞으로 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 잘 짝지어진 대조군 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 부작용 중 간독성과 관련하여 이식시 투여되는 여러 약제들과의 상호작용에 대한 연구도 필요할 것이다. Background : Though fluconazole is widely used for antifungal prophylaxis, it is ineffective against mould infections including Aspergillus species. Itraconazole has a broader spectrum than fluconazole but the capsule form shows erratic bioavailability in neutropenic patients. In this study, we compared itraconazole oral solution (ITZS) with fluconazole syrup (FCZS) for the prevention of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Materials and Methods : Adults receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from september 2001 to June 2002, were randomly allocated to either the ITZS group or the FCZS group. We prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of each drug. Results : Out of 78 patients (40 patients in the ITZS group and 38 patients in the FCZS group) who were eligible for this study, 37 patients completed the course of prophylaxis without any evidence of IFI. The mean duration of prophylaxis was 16.4 days for the ITZS group and 21.9 days for the FCZS group (P<0.006). Drug-related adverse events occurred in 28 patients (70.0%) and 19 patients (50.0%) in the ITZS group and the FCZS group, respectively. Common adverse events of ITZS were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Drug-related reversible hepatotoxicity occurred in 4 patients in the ITZS group. There was a significant elevation of total bilirubin level in the ITZS group. The incidence of suspected IFI occurred in 5 patients (12.5%) who received ITZS, compared with 8 (21.1%) who received FCZS (P=0.372). There were no proven IFIs or superficial (oral/vaginal) fungal infections in both groups. Overall mortality was not different between the two groups (2.5% in the ITZS group versus 5.3% in the FCZS group, P=0.610). Conclusion : ITZS and FCZS showed similar protection against IFI during pre-engraftment period. Poor tolerability due to gastrointestinal troubles of ITZS might limit its success as prophylactic therapy. Well matched controlled study with large number of patients will be required in the future.

능동표적신호합성 알고리듬의 실시간 구현

김희성,김우식,최상문,한동훈,신기철,김재수 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The simulation of target-scattered echo with the moving sonar platform and target in 3-dimensional ocean environment is essential to validate and evaluate the performance of a sonar system. This paper presents the improved target signal simulation on the basis of the highlight(HL) model and its realtime algorithm. In order to simulate the scattering highlight, the highlight is represented as a directional scatterer. The realtime generation algorithm of the target signal is realized by use of DSP chip, TMS320C40, where the 40 channels are equally separated to form a parallel processing task in 4 processors. The presented realtime-version of target signal simulation can be used as a target signal simulator in the development of ACM(Acoustic Counter Measure) and advanced sonar signal processing techniques.

공직 내 멘토관계와 공무원의 조직몰입과 직무만족

김우식,엄창용 청주대학교 사회과학연구소 2004 한국사회과학연구 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구는 멘토관계가 공공조직에서도 존재하는가를 확인하고, 그것이 공무원들의 조직몰입과 직무만족에 어떠한 형태로 영향을 미치는가에 대해 실증적 방법을 통해 분석하는 데 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해 충청북도내 도청 근무자와 2개의 시청 근무 공무원 212명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과 공무원조직에서도 멘토관계가 광범위하게 존재하며, 멘토관계를 가지는 경우 조직몰입과 직무만족이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 멘티의 경우 교류시점, 접촉빈도 그리고 교류지속여부가 조직몰입에, 그리고 교류지속여부가 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 멘토의 경우 학력차와 접촉빈도가 조직몰입에, 그리고 직급차가 직무만족에 긍정적 관계를 가지고 있었다. This study examines the existence of mentoring relationships in governmental organizations and pictures out its effects on commitment and job satisfaction by questionaire for 212 public officers employed by Chungbuk Province and tow cities(Chongju and Chungju). Results show that the mentoring relationships exist and those who have a mentor are more intensively committed to their organizations and enjoy higher level job satisfaction than those having not mentor. Mentee's commitment is positively related to contact time point and contact frequencies, and their job satisfaction is positively related to whether or not having contacts now. And mentor's commitment is positively related to education difference and contact frequencies, and their job satisfaction is positively related to status difference.

이중적 태도(attitudinal ambivalence) 연구의 구조 : 조직 내 신뢰-불신의 공존 연구를 위한 탐색

김우식 청주대학교사회과학연구소 2017 한국사회과학연구 Vol.38 No.2

Attitudinal ambivalence defined as ‘a state in which an individual is inclined to give an attitude object equivalently strong positive or negative evaluations’(Thompson et al., 1995) is one of interesting subjects in psychology. This study analysed six articles which studied attitudinal ambivalence and its relationships with behaviors or other factors concerned. This analysis focused especially on their issues, their theoretical constructs, and their hypotheses and their studied results. This analysis will be helpful to future studies about trust-distrust in organizations. Those studies are about racial attitudes to black, ambivalence in adult attachment, ambivalence in quitting smoking, ambivalence’s influence on GMF(genetically modified foods), and trust-distrust to organizational justice of organization change. Future studies about trust-distrust coexistence in organizations may get helpful informations from these investigations. 태도의 이중성(attitudinal ambivalence)은 ‘태도의 대상에 대해서 동시에 긍정적 부정적 평가를 부여하고자 하는 심리 상태’(Thompson et al., 1995)로서 심리학 분야에서 관심있게 연구되는 주제이다. 본 연구는 태도의 이중성을 중심으로 이중성의 성격과 이중성과 관련된 행태적 요인과 관련된 주제를 대상으로 한 6논문을 분석하였다. 분석은 각 논문의 주제, 이론적 구성, 가설 및 연구결과에 초점을 맞추었다. 이 분석은 신뢰-불신 연구를 위한 연구 전략에 도움이 되는 정보를 얻기 위함이다. 이들 각 논문은 흑인을 대하는 인종적 태도, 성인의 애착의 이중성, 금연에 영향을 미치는 태도의 이중성, 다이어트와 관련된 정보의 수용과정에서의 이중적 태도, 유전자 변형 음식물에 대한 태도, 그리고 조직변화과정에서 조직적 정의에 대한 신뢰-불신 태도의 공존에 대한 연구들이다. 이 논문의 분석을 통하여 앞으로의 연구자들이 조직 내 신뢰-불신이 공존하는 것과 공존이 신뢰-불신과 관련된 다른 요인들과의 관계에 대한 연구에 도움이 되는 정보를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 본다.

중학생 체육 수업과 생애 스포츠 참여와의 관계

김병식,이우재,김종학 韓國體育大學校 2002 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study were to research for middle school students' recognition of physical education and to grasp th effects of physical education class of middle school student on life-be-in-sport participation. The subjects for this research were selected among middle school students in Seoul northern area using the stratified random sampling methods. A questionnaire was used in practice to analyze 305(64%) questionnaires of 480. The Cronbach's α of the questionnaire showed that a subject curriculum was .849∼.876 using self-administrated method. The research used SPSS 10.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science 10.0) program for data analysis and used the statistics as follows: Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe, χ^2 test, and standard regression. The results of this study were as follows: First, there was a statistically significant difference between gender on the recognition of physical education. Also, there were statistically partially significant differences between grader on the item. Second, there was a statistically significant difference between gender on life-be-in-sport participation type. The more school record appeared highly, the more recognition of sport participation appeared highly. Third, the more recognition of mental health, human education, personal relations, and honesty equity on physical education appeared highly, the more students participating in life-be-in-sport increased.

레진 계열 근관봉함재 Adseal의 세포독성에 관한 연구

김희정,백승호,이우철,박한수,배광식 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.6

The properties of ideal root canal sealers include the ability of sealing the total root canal system and no toxic effects to periradicular tissues. Cytotoxicity test using cell culture is a common screening method for evaluation of the biocompatibility of root canal sealers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of newly developed resin-based sealer (Adseal 1, 2, and 3) comparing with those commercial resin-based sealers (AH26 and AH Plus), ZOE-based sealers (Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) and calcium hydroxide based sealer (Sealapex). An indirect contact test of cytotoxicity by agar diffusion was performed according to the international standard ISO 10993-5. L929 fibroblast cells were incubated at 37℃ in humidified 5% CO₂-containing air atmosphere. The freshly mixed test materials were inserted into glass rings of internal diameter 5 ㎜ and height 5 ㎜ placed on the agar. After the 24 hrs incubation period, the decolorization zones around the test materials were assessed using an inverted microscope with a calibrated screen. A Decolorization Index was determined for each specimen. Adseal 1, 2, and 3 did not exert any cytotoxic effects, whereas AH26, AH Plus, Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, and Sealapex produced mild cytotoxicity.

組織評價基準에 關한 理論的 考察 : 組織의 目的을 中心으로

김영재,함우식 군산대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study is mainly to find out the organizational evaluation criteria. Emphasis is largely placed on the study of inter-relationships between both organizational goals and organization evaluation. Among the multiple functions of organizational goal, first, Organizational goal has been stated that organizational goal is the function of organizational evaluation criteria. In this study, I will discuss the concept of organization, the meaning of organizational goal, organizational evaluation criteria, approach to organizational effectiveness, and their inter-relationships. We can make diagram as follows ; ***** According to diagrams, I will suppose the organizational evaluation criteria. (1)Organizational productivity is taken as one indicator most closely related to organizational criteria (2)Abaptability is taken as one indicator of organizational evaluation.To survive and prosper, the organization can react to enviromental demands defensively, offensively, or both. Defensively, it can engage in organizational change and development, thus changing its structure, reward systems, group norms, and so forth, in such a way that the organization is more appropriate for dealing with its environment demands. Offensively, it can manage environmental demands by avoiding influence, altering dependcies, negotiating with the environment, or creating legislatively a new environment. (3)External extraction and internal extraction are taken as indicators related to organization at evaluation. External extraction means the ability for organizations to secure human and material resources from their external environments.Internal extraction means the ability for organizations to harness a pool of psychological, physical, and intellectual energy and to convert them into skilled, predicable role performances. (4)Integration is taken as the indicator of organizational evaluation. (5)There must be certain "democracy" in the organization, one that "accents freedcm of opinion and dissent, and accents respect for the individual". (6)An organization should also reflect "the worth of the organization to its individual members and the worth of both individual members and the organization to society," It's concept can be said to be appropriateness (7)Adequecy defined as 'the degree of problem solving' is one indicator of organizational evaluation. (8)Equity is taken as one indicator of organizational evaluation most closely related to social welfare. The present study doesn't result from the empirical survey but can be considered the introductory guides for the next empirical survey with a view to providing organizational evaluation criteria.

지방정부조직에서 직속상관에 대한 부하의 신뢰 : 메이어 등의 모델 검증

김우식 청주대학교사회과학연구소 2016 한국사회과학연구 Vol.37 No.2

Trust is important for organizations and organizational productivity. This article aims to empirically testify Mayer et al.’s trust model(1995) which is largely acknowledged as integrating interpersonal trust relationships in organizations. Some researchers have tested partly their model for trust. My job is to test empirically their whole construct of subordinate’s trust in his or her supervisor. Data were collected from 271 public officials in Choung-ju City. And correlation analysis and regression analysis for two parts(trust and outcome of trust) of their model were accomplished, respectively. The results of analyses show the validity of their model, except for functions of two moderators(trust propensity and risk perception). So they are redefined as functioning dependently, in this study. 조직 구성원 간의 신뢰는 조직의 성공을 위해서 매우 중요하다. 공공조직에서도 신뢰의 중요성은 민간조직에서의 경우와 마찬가지이다. 그래서 본 연구는 공공 관료제조직(청주시)에서 상관에 대한 부하(청주시 공무원 271명)의 신뢰에 초점을 두고, 지금까지 연구자들에 의하여 부분적으로 검증된 신뢰에 관한 메이어 등의 모델(Mayer et al., 1995)의 전 개념구조를 경험적으로 검증하였다. 그들의 모델은 연결된 두 부분으로 구성된다. 한 부분은 상관의 능력, 호의, 성실성으로 인한 상관의 신뢰성이 부하의 신뢰에 영향을 미치며, 그 관계를 신뢰주체(부하)의 신뢰성향이 조절 기능을 한다. 다른 하나는 신뢰가 모험행동(신뢰의 결과)에 영향을 미치며 그 관계를 신뢰주체의 위험지각이 조절한다. 분석결과 그들의 모델이 전체적으로 타당한 것으로 검증되었다. 다만 두 조절변수(신뢰성향, 위험지각)의 조절효과는 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 신뢰성향과 위험지각이 조절요인이기 보다는 각자 독립변수로서 기능하는 것으로 결론을 맺었다.