전방 불안정성 견관절에서 이두박근의 근전도 활동성

김승호,하권익,김현숙,김선우,박종혁,김영민 대한견.주관절학회 2000 大韓肩.주關節學會誌 Vol.3 No.2

한국인 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 골격근에서 인슐린 신호전달체계의 결함

최준혁,이관우,김효정,이동훈,이종우,김정은,엄현채,김경미,최성이,정윤석,김현만 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5

연구배경: 제2형 당뇨병에서 나타나는 인슐린 저항성은 간, 지방, 근육 같은 말초조직에서 인슐린의 작용이 떨어지는 것을 말한다. 제2형 당뇨병의 발생기전에 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비능 저하가 같이 관여함은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 인슐린의 세포내에서의 저항성을 규명하기 위한 인슐린의 세포내 신호전달체계에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 몇몇 연구에서 인슐린 저항성을 가진 골격근육에서 IRS와 관련된 PI3-kinase의 활성감소와 Akt kinase의 활성감소를 보고하고 있으나 아직까지 명확하게 그 기작이 설명되어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상성인, 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 경구당부하검사 및 인슐린 클램프검사를 시행하고 인슐린 클램프 검사시 대상인의 근육을 채취하여 인슐린 신호전달 체계(IR-β, IRS, Akt(PKB, Rac) kinase, GSK-3)를 연구하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 한국인으로서 경구당부하검사상 정상인 및 당뇨병 환자 각각 11명, 9명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상인은 건강인으로 과거력상 당대사에 영향을 줄 질환이 없고, 현재 당대사에 영향을 줄 약물 복용 및 다른 소견이 없는 경구당부하검사상 정성 내당능을 보이는 대상자로 하였다. 당뇨병환자는 모두 제2형 당뇨병 환자로 이환기간이 만 5년 이내인 경우로 하고, 인슐린으로 치료하는 대상자는 제외하도록 하였다. 대상자의 연령, 체질량지수, 체지방량, 공복시 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 HbA1c, 인슐린, C-peptide를 측정하였고, "HOMA model"을 이용하여 베타세포의 기능와 인슐린저항성 정도를 평가하였다. 정상혈당클램프 검사(euhlycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test)를 시행하고 인슐린 투입 전과 인슐린 투입 30분후, 두차례에 걸쳐 대퇴부 근육생검을 실시한후 western 법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 측정하였다. 결과: 정상인 11명과 당뇨병 환자 9명을 대상으로 하였으며 대상자의 평균 연령, 평균 체질량지수, 체지방량, 허리/엉덩이 둘레의 비(waist hip ratio; WHR)는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 평균 공복혈당은 정상군 98.0±0.3㎎/dL, 당뇨병군 208.1±16.5㎎/dL(p<0.05), HbA1c는 정상군 5.4±0.5%, 당뇨병군 9.2±0.6%(p<0.05)였다. "HOMA model"을 이용한 베타세포의 기능과 인슐린저항성은 정상군 56.4±8.5%, 1.4±0.2, 당뇨병군 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01), 10.2±6.3(p<0.01)였으며 정상혈당클램프 검사상 포도당 이용률은 정상군 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min, 당뇨병군 3.7±1.1㎎/㎏/min(p<0.01)로 정상군과 당뇨병군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. Western blot법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 인슐린 투입전과 인슐린 투입 30분후 측정하였을 때 IR-β에서는 정상군이 103.9±2.3에서 241.3±18.6, 당뇨군이 108.9±2.2에서 198.7±6.3으로 증가하였다(p=NS). 이는 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 통계적인 차이가 없었다. IRS에서는 정상군이 111.6±7.3에서 295.6±17.2, 당뇨군이 114.5±6.1에서 222.0±23.2로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 24% 감소하였다. Akt kinase에서는 103.4±6.0에서 416.8±29.5로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 43% 감소하였다. GSK-3에서는 정상군이 107.7±6.7에서 595.7±28.1, 당뇨군이 104.3±4.8에서 443.3±12.9로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 25% 감소하였다. 결론: 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 정상인과 비교하여 인슐린 자극후 IR-β는 인산화량의 증가정도가 큰 차이가 없었으나, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3에서는 인산화량의 증가 정도가 감소되는 것으로 보아 상위 인슐린 신호전단체계부터 결함이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Background: The glucose uptake rate is the limiting step in glucose utilization and storage. The failure of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in muscle appears to be a primary defect of insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), Akt kinase and GSK-3 in isolated skeletal muscle, in people with type 2 diabetes(n=9) and control subjects(n=11). Methods: 75g OGTT and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were done. And vastus lateralis muscle was obtained before and 30 min into the euglycemic clamp. Western blots were performed for tyrosine phosphroylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor(IR-β), Akt and GSK-3. Result: There were no statistical differences in the mean age, BMI and body fat between the control subjects and diabetic patients. The fasting blood sugar and HbA_1c in controls and diabetic patients were 98.0±0.3 and 208.1±16.5ng/dl, and 5.4±0.5 and 9.2±0.6%, and 1.4±0.2 in the control subjects, and 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01) and 10.2±6.3(p<0.01) in the diabetic patients, respectively. The insulin resistance from the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min and 3.7±1.1ng/㎏/min in the control subjects and in the diabetic patients, respectively(p<0.01). Compared with the normal controls, insulin-stimulated IR phosphorylation was no different to that in the diabetic patients. However, insulin-stimulated IRS phosphorylation, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated GSK-3 phosphorylation were reduced in the diabetic patients compared with the normal controls by 24, 43 and 25%, respectively(p<0.05). Conclusion: In Korean type 2 diabetic patients, the insulin resistance may be due to the impairment of the upstream insulin signal molecular network. Further studies will focus on determining whether these signaling defects are the cause of the development of insulin resistance, or secondary to the altered metabolic state, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:685∼697, 2002).

S.D. Rats를 이용 1, 1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane의 아민성 흡입독성 연구

김현영,이성배,임철홍,김철우,점용현,한정희,전윤석,최수영,강대봉,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

There were no specific effects for test materials on Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats in clinical symptoms, amounts of food intakes, weight changes, laboratory findings, and pathology after whole body l, l-Dichloro-1 -fluoroethane (used as coolant, metal cleaner and solvents) exposure(0, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 ppm) for 13 weeks (6 hour/day, 5 days/week). However, the loss of capillary vessels in eyeball (pupil) was observed in a female rat among 6,000 ppm group. Though there was a tendency for MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) in rat to be decreased (p<0.05), it was not regarded as abnormal because the values were within normal limits. In asthma-stimulation related evaluations, there was also a tendency for inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages to be increased. But it had no statistical significance, and also no dependency on sex and the exposed concentration. Based on this result, the non observed effect level (NOEL) induced by 1, 1-Dichloro-l -fluoroethene inhalation was evaluated in groups with 3,000 ppm below (S .D. Rats, 13 weeks). Finally, it was concluded that the short term exposal of 1, 1-Dichloro-l-fluoroethane is not considered as a asthma stimulant by inhalation despite of some study limitations such as test animals use and short-term exposure .

스트룹 테스트와 단순반응 테스트의 훈련 향상도에 관한 연구

조현우,박영민,박사엘,공추,왕초전,장신,김재화 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1,2

This study which of the Stroop test training and simple response training can reduce the Stroop effect in the information processing process when continuous training is performed. 4 male students from S University(Asan-si) were divided into Stroop test training group(2) and simple reaction group(2). The test was conducted 10 times a day, and average was obtained and analyzed. The results encountered through this study are as follows. 1 The simple response training group improved more slowly than the Stroop test training group. 2. In the Stroop test training group, the rate of increase increased significantly compared to the simple response training group, but it did not increase once the record reached a certain point. 3. Simple response training at increasing values ​​was also trained on the Stroop effect. 4. In the average of phage values, both groups look similar.

Angiotensin Concerting Enzyme 유전자의 유전적 다형성(Genetic Polymorphism)이 관상동맥 질환 위험인자에 따른 혈중 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1의 농도에 미치는 영향

김덕경,김종원,권현절,류재춘,박승우,김준수,이상훈,홍경표,박정의,이원로 대한고혈압학회 1996 대한고혈압학회지 Vol.2 No.2

텅스텐인산으로 개질된 SBA-15 촉매 상에서 아세트산의 탈수반응

우창수,He, Nong-Yue,김현국,이호인 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

TPA (tungstophosphoric acid), a typical heteropoly acid, was impregnated on SBA-15 to modify the acidic property of the mesoporous catalyst. The TPA was highly dispersed on the SBA-15 which has large surface area confirming by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. According to the result of in-situ FTIR spectroscopy using pyridine as a probe molecule, it was revealed that silanol group was gradually decreased with increasing the loading amount of TPA, and that new acidic site different from that of pure TPA was generated resulting in the enhancement of catalytic activity. TPA could act as a promoter when loaded on SBA-15 by relatively small amount, but the catalytic activity was greatly decreased due to the loss of silanol group as an active site when a large amount of TPA was loaded.

포도호랑하늘소의 生態 및 加害特性에 關한 硏究

金奎眞,李在休,朴鍾大,申炫雨 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1988 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.23 No.-

포도호랑하늘소의 生態 및 加害特性을 究明코자 1983~1985. 3個年에 걸쳐 全南 山間地이며 울타리式 포도栽培團地인 谷城과 平野地이며 天井式 포도 栽培團地인 羅州에서 遽行하였다. 1. 포도호랑하늘소의 形態的인 特徵을 보면 成蟲은 암컷의 크기가 12.6mm, 숫컷 11.7mm, 용`14.8mm, 卵은 長徑 1.12mm, 短俓 0.44mm 1마리 雄成蟲 産卵數는 15~53個 抱卵數는 29~108個였다. 한편 各態別 期間은 卵基間 7~12日 幼蟲期 268~303日,용期 12~15일, 成蟲 24~41日程度였다. 2. 本蟲은 年 1回 發生하여 成蟲의 發生其間은 山間地인 谷城에서는 7月中間~9月中旬으로 그 最盛期는 8月 中旬頃이었으며, 平野地인 羅州에서는 8月中旬~9月中旬으로 그 最盛期는 9月上旬頃이었다. 3. 被害莖은 3年以上의 가지로서 直徑이 9014mm에서 많았다. 4. 品種에 다른 被害率은 거봉 34.7% Muscat Bailey A29.8% Dela ware 27.3%, Campbell Early 22.9%였다. 5. 越冬態의 蟲齡別 越冬率은 1齡 8.4% 2齡 75.4%, 3齡 12.7% 4齡 3.5%였다. 6. 포도원의 剪定後 剪定地를 放置한 경우에는 45.7% 除去한 경우는 7.6%의 被害率을 보였다. 7. 포도호랑하늘소의 幼蟲과 용에寄生하는 天敵으로서 주머니응애(Pediculoides ventrico년)寄生蟲(Odontobracon bicolar)이 調査되었으며 特히 주머니용애는 寄生率이 높았다. This study was carried out to investigate Bionomics and Damaged aspect on the Grape tiger longicorn Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus at Goksung, mountain area and Naju, field area from 1983 to1985. In size of each stage, female adult was 12.6mm male adult 11.7mm, pupa 14.8mm, egg length 1.22mm, width 0.44mm. Periods of egg was 7 to 12 days, larva 268 to 303 days, pupa 12 to 15 days, adult 24 to 41. days No. of eggs in ovary and laid was 29 to 108 and 15 to 53, respectively but was affected by environmental condition. Grape tiger longicorn have one generation under natural condition. In mountain area, adults emerged from mid-August to mid-September and peak was mid--August.In field area, adults emerged from mid-August to mid-September and peak was early-September. Rate of injury in grape vine stem was great above 3 years branch and damages by Grape varactics were 34.7% in Kyoho, 29.8% in Muscat Bailey A, 27.3% in Dela Ware. 22.9% in campbell Early, respectively. Overwintering larva was great in 2nd instar of 75.4%. Natural enemies of Grape tiger longicorn was investigated in the larva and pupa, Pediculodes ventricosus(Acarina) Odontabracor bicolar(Hymennoptera)

알루미늄과 헤테로폴리산으로 개질된 메조포러스 실리카 상에서의 AKD 합성

김현국,우창수,최재석,박민태,이병민,이호인 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

AKD(alkyl ketene dimer) used widely as a neutral sizing agent is produced industrially by halogenization of stearic acid followed by dimerization of alkyl ketene. In the present work, to suppress the byproduct of hydrochloric acid and to improve reaction pathway. AKD was prepared through of ketene intermediate by dehydration of stearic acid in gas phase using reaction with silanol on silica as active sites of the catalyst SBA-15 showed the highest activity due to the large and open tubular pores. It was found that main products were dimer and trimer. Our goal of the present work was to increase of the selectivity for the dimer.

격막형 액막에 의한 코발트 이온 및 니켈이온의 분리

金春泳,鄭奉佑,李鉉哲 全北大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The separation of the cobalt ion and nickel ion was carried out which was based on the principle of coupling facilitated transport. The principle of coupling facilitated transport was developed and validated by predicting the cobalt ion and nickel ion fluxes through membrane as a function of hydrogen ion concentration in the feed solution, carrier concentration in the membrane, and content of metals ion in the feed solution, flow rate of the feed solution and acid concentration in the stripping solution. Diffusion coefficients of Co-di(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid and Ni-di(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid through polytetrafluroethylene membrane were 1.2×10^7㏖/sec and 5.5×10^8㏖/sec, respectively.

中央 ㆍ地方政府間의 事務配分에 관한 法的 考察

金又德,柳在賢 新羅大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

This study analyzes the relationship between the central and local government, with a specific focus on the allocation of functions performed by the two different levels of government. It is assumed that this study has a significant contribution to our understanding of the role of government in general and of the many functions performed by the two authorities in particular. Moreover, there is an increasing need to clarify the relationship as we are facing a new system of local autonomy in the very near future. This study regards to provide theoretical, legal and methodological basis on the allocation of functions between the central and local government, and to explore the relevant approach in Korean situation. Above purposes can be obtained as suggestions by analyzing the legal cases and experiences of several nations on the allocation of functions, and as results by analyzing the feature in the case of Korea. As focuses on the case of Korea, this study can find a few important negative characteristics seen in the administrative relations between the central and local government. First of all, the functional divisions of governmental activities in Korea are very ambiguous and the delegated activities from the central to local government is somewhat over-loaded. This gives a sign of the meticulous control, supervision, and direction to the local government from the strong central government. All in all, it means that there are not so much divisions of administrative power between the central and local government. To be more specific, we may conclude the following characteristics : 1. There are too much regulatory functions asigned to the local authorities. 2. The tool of administration mainly depends on the state power, that is the coersive or compulsory means of administration prevail. 3. The legal basis of the administrative enforcement seems lacking. 4. Especially from the point of view of the local government, administrative functions performed by the local government in the field of social welfare, rather than in the field of general administration, industry and economy, seem to show a relatively low level. Of course this remains a major problem for the local government to deal with under the new system of local autonomy. From the above discussion, the following conclusionary remarks are possible. First of all, a change of perspective toward the relationship between the two governmental entities should be introduced in order to have a reformed or better functional divisions of governmental activities. Most of all, it may be necessary to point out here that there cannot be an absolute principle regarding the functional divisions. In addition, the top-down or top-to-bottom hierarchical command system of central government should also be avoided for the betterment of the administrative relations. The points further allow us to present a few final suggestions : 1. In the realm of the functional allocation of administration, "inclusive-indicative" orientation should be changed toward a more concrete form of allocation of governmental functions. 2. A strategy to strengthen the cooperation and clarifying the functional division must be achieved in order to effectively solving the common goals of administrative tasks that now seem increasing ever more. 3. It may be necessary to make a new legal basis in the form of 'The Law of Intergovernment Proceedings and Relations'. 4. There needs a wide range of change in the functional division of administration to make the system work more efficiently. In specific, many overlapping functions performed by both the the central and local government should be cleared away, many administrative regulations or red-tapes must be suspended in order to increase the basis of competitiveness of industries and private economy in general, and many formalized administrative permissions that may not be necessary, if not for the sake of formality, should also be ended.