Liquid‐Crystalline Blue Phase Laser with Widely Tunable Wavelength (Adv. Mater. 21/2013)

Hur, Sung‐,Taek,Lee, Bo Ram,Gim, Min‐,Jun,Park, Kyung‐,Won,Song, Myoung Hoon,Choi, Suk‐,Won WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.25 No.21

<P>A liquid‐crystalline blue‐phase laser with a tunable photonic bandgap (PBG) of over 150 nm and a wide temperature range is demonstrated by Myoung Hoon Song and Suk‐Won Choi on p. 3002. A lasing peak shift of more than 100 nm is realized due to the large PBG shift of the liquid‐crystalline blue phase. The shift in the lasing wavelength was reversible during repeated temperature changes over the entire stability range of the liquid‐crystalline cubic blue phase. </P>

Protective effect of centipedegrass against Aβ oligomerization and Aβ-mediated cell death in PC12 cells.

Song, Yuno,Kim, Hong-Duck,Lee, Min-Kwon,Kim, Mun Ki,Kang, Suk-Nam,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu,Won, Chung-Kil,Kim, Gon-Sup,Lee, Seung Sik,Bai, Hyoung-Woo,Chung, Byung Yeoup,Cho, Jae-Hyeon Swets Zeitlinger 2015 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.53 No.9

<P>Context: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (A beta). Multiple A beta-aggregated species have been identified, and neurotoxicity appears to be correlated with the amount of non-fibrillar oligomers. Potent inhibitors of A beta oligomer formation or A beta-induced cell toxicity have emerged as attractive means of therapeutic intervention. Eremochloa ophiuroide Hack. (Poaceae), also known as centipedegrass (CG), originates from China and South America and is reported to contain several C-glycosyl flavones and phenolic constituents. Objective: We investigated whether CG could suppress A beta aggregation, BACE1 activity, and toxicity at neuronal cell. Materials and methods: The inhibitory effect of CG extracts toward aggregation of A beta 42 was investigated in the absence and presence of 50 mu g/mL CG. We investigated the inhibitory effects of CG (0-5 mu g/mL) on BACE1 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay. The effects of CG (0-75 mu g/mL) on A beta 42-induced neurotoxicity were examined in PC12 cells in the presence or absence of maysin and its derivatives of CG. Results: We isolated EA-CG fraction (70% MeOH fraction from EtOAc extracts) from methanol extracts of CG, which contained approximately 60% maysin and its derivatives. In the present studies, we found that several A beta oligomeric forms such as the monomer, dimer, trimer, and highly aggregated oligomeric forms were remarkably inhibited in the presence of 50 mu g/mL of EA-CG. EA-CG also inhibited BACE1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. EA-CG treatment generated approximately 50% or 85% inhibition to the control at the tested concentrations of 1 or 5 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the neurotoxicity induced by A beta 42 was significantly reduced by treatment of EA-CG, and the 75 mu g/mL EA-CG treatment significantly increased cell viability up to 82.5%. Discussion and conclusion: These results suggested that the anti-Alzheimer's effects of CG occurred through inhibition of neuronal cell death by intervening with oligomeric A beta formation and reducing BACE1 activity. Maysin in CG could be an excellent therapeutic candidate for the prevention of AD.</P>

Chemical derivatization-based LC–MS/MS method for quantitation of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids

Won-Suk Song,Han-Gyu Park,Seong-Min Kim,Sung-Hyun Jo,Byung-Gee Kim,Ashleigh B. Theberge,Yun-Gon Kim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are end products of fermentation by anaerobic gut microbiota. They can beused as beneficial metabolites to regulate the host’s physiological processes. Despite their importance,SCFAs are difficult to analyze with mass spectrometric technologies due to their poor ionizationefficiency and susceptibility to water loss during ionization of low molecular weight organic acids. Here,we developed a sensitive and reliable method to quantify SCFAs by liquid chromatography tandem massspectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. SCFAs were chemicallyderivatized by Girard’s reagent T (GT), providing a permanent cationic charge. This techniquedemonstrated an excellent quantitative capacity, showing good linearity (R2> 0.99) and limit ofquantification (femtomole levels) forfive SCFAs (i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, andcaproate). Next, we applied this derivatization method to quantitate SCFAs from a small volume of totalextracellular metabolites produced by Eubacterium rectale (E. rectale), one of main butyrate-producinggut bacteria. GT-labeled SCFAs were quantitated well in small volumes of culture medium (5, 10, 15, and20 mL), with the amount of SCFA measured being proportional to the volume of culture medium, asexpected. We also investigated plant-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics that could enhance theproduction of butyrate by E. rectale. Finally, the production of butyrate was successfully monitored in aco-culture system for E. rectale and Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) by analyzing GT-labeled butyrate. Taken together, our results suggest that this highly sensitive method would be useful for quantifyingSCFAs extracted from stool in an aqueous solution to monitor gut health.

Realization of a Strained Atomic Wire Superlattice

Song, Inkyung,Goh, Jung Suk,Lee, Sung-Hoon,Jung, Sung Won,Shin, Jin Sung,Yamane, Hiroyuki,Kosugi, Nobuhiro,Yeom, Han Woong American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.11

TGFBR2 frameshift mutation in gastric tumors with microsatellite instability

Song, Jae-Hwi,Lee, Hwa-Sung,Yoon, Jung-Hwan,Kang, Young-Hwi,Nam, Suk-Woo,Lee, Jung-Young,Park, Won-Sang The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2010 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.6 No.3

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a form of genetic instability present in virtually all tumors from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and a subset of various sporadic tumors, including colorectal and gastric cancers. Transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) mutations in MSI-positive cancer cell lines may partially inactivate TGF-$\beta$-induced growth inhibition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSI and TGFBR2 gene mutations contribute to the progression from gastric adenoma to cancer in multi step gastric carcinogenesis. MSIs were analyzed using 5 micro satellite markers and a frame shift mutation in poly(A)10 within the TGFBR2 gene in 50 gastric adenomas and 88 gastric cancer specimens. One (2.0%) of 50 gastric adenomas and 22 (25.0%) of 88 gastric cancers were MSI-positive. TGFBR2 frame shift mutations were found in 9 gastric cancers, but not in adenoma. All cases with the TGFBR2 frameshift mutation showed high-frequency MSIs. These results suggest that MSIs may occur in the development of gastric cancers, but not in adenomas less than 2 cm, and the TGFBR2 gene may be a target of genomic instability in MSI gastric carcinogenesis.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of TBX3 and $\beta$-catenin in Gastric Cancers

Song, Jae-Hwi,Yoon, Jung-Hwan,Kang, Young-Hwi,Cao, Zhang,Nam, Suk-Woo,Lee, Jung-Young,Park, Won-Sang The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2009 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.5 No.4

TBX3 has demonstrated oncogenic activity as a downstream target of the Wnt/$\beta$-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, the aim was to determine whether overexpression of the TBX3 protein is involved in the development and/or progression of gastric cancers. We analyzed the expression pattern of the TBX3 and $\beta$-catenin proteins in a series of 186 sporadic gastric cancers. Altered expression of the TBX3 and $\beta$-catenin proteins was observed in 54 (29.0%) and 48 (25.8%) of the 186 gastric cancers. Statistically, overexpression of the TBX3 and $\beta$-catenin proteins was not associated with the clinical and pathological parameters studied including: histological type, tumor location, tumor size, and the 5-year survival (P>0.05). However, TBX3 overexpression was closely associated with lymph node metastasis and aberrant $\beta$-catenin expression (P<0.05). In addition, overexpression of the TBX3 protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis of primary gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. These data suggest that TBX3 overexpression may play a role in the development and progression of sporadic gastric cancers.

Salvage of Infected Breast Implants

Song, Joon Ho,Kim, Young Seok,Jung, Bok Ki,Lee, Dong Won,Song, Seung Yong,Roh, Tai Suk,Lew, Dae Hyun Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2017 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.44 No.6

Background Implant-based breast reconstruction is being performed more frequently, and implants are associated with an increased risk of infection. We reviewed the clinical features of cases of implant infection and investigated the risk factors for breast device salvage failure. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 771 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction between January 2010 and December 2016. Age, body mass index, chemotherapy history, radiation exposure, and smoking history were assessed as potential risk factors for postoperative infection. We also evaluated the presence and onset of infection symptoms, wound culture pathogens, and other complications, including seroma, hematoma, and mastectomy skin necrosis. Additionally, we examined the mastectomy type, the use of acellular dermal matrix, the presence of an underlying disease such as hypertension or diabetes, and axillary node dissection. Results The total infection rate was 4.99% (58 of 1,163 cases) and the total salvage rate was 58.6% (34 of 58). The postoperative duration to closed suction drain removal was significantly different between the cellulitis and implant removal groups. Staphylococcus aureus infection was most frequently found, with methicillin resistance in 37.5% of the cases of explantation. Explantation after infection was performed more often in patients who had undergone 2-stage expander/implant reconstruction than in those who had undergone direct-to-implant reconstruction. Conclusions Preventing infection is essential in implant-based breast reconstruction. The high salvage rate argues against early implant removal. However, when infection is due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus and the patient's clinical symptoms do not improve, surgeons should consider implant removal.

Somatic Mutations of the ENPP2 (Autotaxin/lysoPLD) Gene in Breast Cancer

Song, Jae-Hwi,Kim, Jeong-Kyu,Noh, Ji-Heon,Jung, Kwang-Hwa,Eun, Jung-Woo,Kim, Chang-Jae,Bae, Hyun-Jin,Xie, Hong-Jian,Ahn, Young-Min,Lee, Sug-Hyung,Yoo, Nam-Jin,Lee, Jung-Young,Park, Won-Sang,Nam, Suk-W The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.4

ENPP2, a 125 kDa secreted lysophopholipase D which originally identified as a tumor-motogen, Autotaxin, enhances cellular locomotion, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cell survival by generating the signal molecule lysophosphatic acid or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Previous studies have suggested that expression of Autotaxin is associated with invasive phenotype in advanced breast carcinomas. Thus, to determine whether genetic alterations of ENPP2 gene are involved in the development or progression of breast cancer, we analyzed its somatic mutation in 85 breast carcinomas by single-stranded conformational polymorphism and sequencing. Overall, six ENPP2 mutations were found (7.0%), comprising five missense and one nonsense mutation (s). To our knowledge, this is the first report on ENPP2 mutation in breast carcinoma, and the data indicate that ENPP2 is occasionally mutated in breast carcinomas, and suggest that ENPP2 mutation may contribute to the tumor development in some breast carcinomas.

Prospective Cohort Study on the Effectiveness of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines in Preventing Pneumonia Development and Hospitalization

Song, Joon Young,Lee, Jin Soo,Wie, Seong-Heon,Kim, Hyo Youl,Lee, Jacob,Seo, Yu Bin,Jeong, Hye Won,Kim, Shin Woo,Lee, Sun Hee,Park, Kyung-Hwa,Noh, Ji Yun,Choi, Won Suk,Cheong, Hee Jin,Kim, Woo Joo AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2015 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.22 No.2

<P>Pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic illness are leading causes of influenza-related hospitalization. Therefore, influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are strongly recommended for adults with comorbidities. Using a hospital-based influenza surveillance system, we performed a multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients visiting emergency rooms with influenza-like illness (ILI) during the influenza epidemic period in 2013 to 2014. Patients aged ≥19 years were enrolled, and clinical data were collected. Multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in preventing pneumonia development and hospitalization. During study periods, 2,262 patients with ILI were registered. Among 2,217 patients with available vaccination records, 31.9% (707 patients) and 9.7% (216 patients) had received influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, respectively. Among patients who had been administered a pneumococcal vaccine, 94.4% had received the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). The adjusted rates of effectiveness of the influenza vaccine for preventing pneumonia development and hospitalization were 64.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 29% to 81%) and 35.0% (95% CI = 12% to 52%), respectively. Pneumococcal vaccination did not reduce pneumonia development or hospitalization. In conclusion, influenza rather than PPV23 vaccination may reduce pneumonia development and hospitalization in patients with preceding ILI.</P>

Allelic Deletions of Chromosomes in Human Colorectal Cancer Development

Song, Young Tack,Kim, Seung Nam,Lee, Jai Hak,Yoo, Seung Jin,Cho, Won Il,Chang, Suk Kyun,Choo, Sang Yong CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1993 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.21 No.2

Two types of genetic alterations have been reported in colorectal tumors. The first type involves point mutations in ras proto-oncogenes. The second type of alterations involves detection of specific chromosomal regions. Deletions can be detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyisis of tumor DNA. The deleted sequences have been hypothesized to include tumor suppressor gene. The inactivation of tumor-suppressor gene by deletion of suspected locus lead to neoplatic growth. To investigate the relation between ras point mutation and allelic deletion of chromosome 17p and 18q, both p-PCR and RELP analysis using VNTR marker and synthetic oligonulectide probe tailing with digoxigenin Ⅱ-dUTP were done in 15 normal mucosa and 22 colorectal cancer mucosa. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Incidence of ras point mutations was 80% (4/5) in Dukes’ B, 82.3% (14/17) in Dukes’ C. There was increasing tendency of mutation along with stage progression, but no statistical significance was noted. 2. Incidence of ras point mutations were 45.4% (5/11) in well differentiated cancer and 77.7% (7/9) in moderately differentinted cancer. 3. Incidence of allelic diletion of 17p pYNH37 were 80% (5/11) in Dukes’ B, 64,7% (l1/17) in Dukes’ C. There was no correlation of incidences of 18q OS-4 in colorectal cancer. But incidence of 17p allelic deletion was higher than 18q allelic deletion in Dukes’ C colorectal cancer. The allelic deletions of pYNZ22 were noted in 6 cases of Dukes’ C colorectal cancer but not in Dukes’ B colorectal cancer. 4. There was no statistical difference between incidence of ras point mutation and allelic deletion in colorectal cancer. These results showed there was no statistical difference in incidence of ras point mutation & 18q allelic deletion in colorectal cancer. 17p allelic deletion occurred more frequently in advanced colorectal cancer. Genetic alteration did not have any correlation with cellular differentiation or tumor location in the biologic behavior of the colorectal cancer.