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지역사회 교육공동체 형성에 관한 연구 : 산들초등학교 사례를 중심으로
조용환,서근원 한국교육인류학회 2004 교육인류학연구 Vol.7 No.1
이 연구는 폐교의 위기에 처했다가 학부모들의 자발적인 노력에 의해 새로운 학교로 다시 태어난 한 초등학교(가칭 산들초등학교)를 대상으로 한 문화기술적 사례연구이다. 이 논문은 그들이 추구한 학교공동체가 어떤 성격의 것이며, 그러한 공동체를 형성하는 과정에서 교육이 어떻게 작용하고 있는지를 집중 분석하고 있다. 이 연구에서 우리는 학교 구성원들이 대안적 교육 프로그램을 중심으로 입장 차이를 유보한 채 결속하는 명시적 공동체와, 갈등사태에 직면하여 문제를 해결하는 동안 교육적 성장을 이루어가는 암묵적 공동체를 발견할 수 있었다. 그리고 학교가 공식적으로 추진해 온 전경의 교육과, 구성원들 사이에 잠재적 체험의 과정으로 드러나는 배경의 교육을 구분해서 살펴볼 수 있었다. 여기서 우리는 학교공동체가 진정한 의미의 교육공동체가 되기 위해서는 획일적 동질성에 기초하여 구성원들을 소외시키는 일이 있어서는 아니 되며, 모든 구성원이 주체로서 대화에 참여하고 그를 통한 변증법적 성장을 이룰 수 있어야 한다는 사실을 구체적 체험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. In this global-information age, humans are struggling to achieve balanced ways of living between those of modernist values, which have emphasized individual freedom and responsibility, and newly asked postmodern communal philosophies. It seems to be a task to construct a set of 'glocalized' communities. Constructing such a utopian community has long been a dream but never been fully realized, mostly because previous communal movements have been, in nature, prone to hegemonic disguises of either imperialist dictatorship or nationalist populism, They were not actually based on ordinary people's knowledge and participation. In this research, we pay attention to the role of education in building such a harmonious humane community. Education is by definition a continuous dialogic endeavor to overcome the gap between ignorance and knowledge, the conflict between subjective agents and their social constraints. An ideal community here called 'educational community' is one in which People not only belong together but also become together. In the educational community, everyone searches and supports a better co-existence. In order to be "educational", a community should be meaningful as well as functional for its every member. The present ethnographic case study has tried to discover and describe the culture of Sundle primary School and its surrounding community. The school under study has been continuously in a crisis to close for its population decrease from 1991. But a series of collective works done by parents, school staffs, and other community leaders has revived the school and its back-ground community. Now the school takes a vital role to (re)build an 'educational community' in a small valley town in central Korea. Researchers have observed Sundle Primary School and its community for almost two years. In the field, they have conducted both participant observations and ethnographic interviews to understand what makes such an educational community possible and how the people identify and solve the problems emerged in the process of their educational community building. They could find the Sundle people are very active to cure a "deep-seated disease" of Korean public schools. They have developed their own alternative educational programs such as season camps, self-supportive evaluation meetings, community revitalization activities, and so on. Their focus was on finding out and establishing better educational relationships among concerned groups. As results, they could enjoy substantial success in achieving a widely awarded school as well as a visible educational community. Further research and data analyses are still on going by the researchers.
조현길,조용현,안태원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-
본 연구는 서울시 남산 도시자연공원을 대상으로 식생의 대기 CO₂SO₂및 NO₂흡수능을 계향화하여 대기정화에 기여하는 가치를 구명하였다. 활엽수림이 전체 식생면적의 약 54%를 차지하였고, 수령구조는 유목내지는 성장과저으이 수목들로 우점하였다. 평균 교목밀도와 기저면적은 각각 17.5주/100m², 2,580cm²이었다. 식생유형 및 영급별 단위면적당 대기정화능은 기저면적의 변화와 유관하여 영급이 높을수록 증가하였고, 동일 영급내에선 대체로 침엽수림보다는 온효림이나 활엽수림이 더 컸다. 식생유형 전체의 단위면적당 평균 CO₂저장량은 293.8t/ha이었고, 경제가치는 147백만원/ha이었다. 연간 흡수량은 CO₂ 24.6t/ha/yr, SO₂ 17.1kg/hr/yr및 NO₂ 43.9kg/ha/yr이었고 연간 경제가치는 13백만원/ha/yr이었다. 전체 식생명적은 총 72.100t의 CO₂를 저장하고 있으며, 해마다 CO₂6.040t/yr, SO₂4.200kg/yr, NO₂10.770kg/yr을 흡수하는 것으로 나타났다. 그 전체면적의 경제가치는 CO₂저장 약 361억원, 연간 CO₂SO₂및 NO₂흡수 31억원/yr에 상당하였다. 남산 도시자연공원은 해마다 시민 약 1,100인의 CO₂배출량, 2,800인의 SO₂배출량,1.160인의 NO₂배출량을 각각 상쇄시키는 중요한 역할을 담당하였다. 본 연구결과는 도시자연공원의 대기정화 가치를 홍보함은 물론, 보강식재 및 관리의예산확보에 필요한 설득력 있는 기반자료가 될 것으로 기대한다. This study quantified C0₂SO₂and N0₂uptake by vegetation for the Namsan Nature Park in Seoul, and explored values for the park to contribute to atmospheric purification. Broad?leaved forest accounted for about 54% of total forest area, and tree-age structure was dominated by a young; growing tree population. Tree density and basal area averaged 17.5 trees/100㎡ and 2,580c㎡/100㎡, respectively. Atmospheric purification per unit area by forest type and age class was greater in older age classes, associated with changes in basal area, and tended to be greater in broad-leaved or mixed forest than in coniferous forest for the same age classes. Mean CO₂storage per unit area for all the forest types and age classes was 293.8 t/ha and economic value of the CO₂storage was \147millions/ha. Annual uptake averaged 24.6 t/ha/yr for C02' 17.1 kg/ha/yr for 802 and 43.9 kg/ha/yr for N02, and economic value of the annual uptake was W 13millions/ha/yr. Total forest area stored 72,100t of CO₂and annually sequestered 6,040t/yr of CO₂4,200 kg/yr of SO₂and 10,770 kg/yr of NO₂. Economic value of atmospheric purification for the entire area amounted to approximately \ 36,100millions for the CO₂ storage, and \ 3,100millions/yr for the annual CO₂SO₂and NO₂uptake. The park played an important role through annually offsetting CO₂emissions from fossil fuel consumption by 1,100 persons, SO₂emissions by 2,800 persons, and NO₂emissions by 1,160 persons. The results from this study are expected to be useful not merely in informing the public of atmospheric purification values of urban nature parks, but in urging the necessity for replanting and management budgets.
도시녹지의 대기환경개선 효과 : 서울시 중구를 중심으로;Focusing on Jung-gu in Seoul
조현길,조용현,안태원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-
This study explored effects of urban greenspace on improving atmospheric environmcnt, which is concerned with CO₂, SO₂and NO₂ uptake, and with reduction of summer air temperatures. The site of this study was focused on Jung-gu in Seoul. Tree density and cover were1.1trecs/l00 m₂and 12.5% respectively for the study area except forest lands. Atmospheric purification by greenspace was associated with changes in tree cover per unit area of each land use type. The mean C02 storage by woody plants was 19.4t/ha, and annual uptake averaged 2.2t/ha/yr for C0₂, 1.9kg/ha/yr for SO₂and 5.0kg/ha/yr for NO₂. Entire tree plantings in the study area played a significant role by annually offsetting CO₂emissions of about 1,8301 from fossil fuel consumption by 330 persons, SO₂emissions of 1,620kg by 1,080 persons, and NO₂emissions of 4,230kg by 450 persons. The smnmer air temperature was 3.6℃ cooler at a location with 54% cover of woody plants and 4.5℃ cooler at a forest site with 100% cover, compared to a place with no planting. A 10% increase of woody plant cover was estimated to decrease slimmer air temperature by approximately 0.6℃ until a certain level of canopy cover. Analyzing data from the Automatic Weather Stations in Seoul revealed that increasing tree cover decreased mean air tern-perature for the smruner season (Jun∼Aug) in a nonlinear function. Woody plant cover was the best predictive variable of summer temperature reduction. The results from this study are expected to be useful in emphasizing the environmental benefits and importance of urban greenspace enlargement, and in urging the necessity for planting and management budgets.
조연제,석창성,김영진,양원호,최용식 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1
The objective of this paper is to investigate the constraint effect on fracture resistance curves. A series of fracture toughness tests with different specimen sizes taken from nuclear piping materials(SA312 TP347 SA516 Gr. 70) were performed. Test results show that fracture toughness is increased with increase in specimen size, probably due to the relaxation crack tip constraint. Elastic-plastic finite element analyses were also performed to investigate the constraint effect. Numerical results show that the stress triaxiality at the crack tip is the governing factor for fracture toughness.
공용식,류봉조,정훈택,박홍원 한밭대학교 생산기반기술연구소 2001 생산기반기술연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1
This paper deals with stress analysis and deflections for probe stage systems connected to semi-conductor apparatus. Most of the real probe stage systems are composed of three mechanical parts such as slider, X-base and Y-base. In order to calculate the maximum stress and deflection for probe stage systems, three-dimensional finite element model is applied. Numerical results are obtained by changing various design parameters related to the above three parts. Through the numerical simulation, optimal design shape satisfying von Mises yield criterion is presented. The analysis was performed by using commercial COSMOS/M FEA code.
정용민,조원민,김귀원 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1990 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.6 No.-
In the injury of shoulder girdle, as a matter of accurate diagnosis through inpection, palpation, nervous examination, and medical program following an injury state, we can recover and take part in the sports as quickly as possible. Rehabilitation treatment should be conducted right after injury, and during the injury treatment, its method should be conducted in many ways after close observation and analysis of recovery state. Especially therapeutic exercise in the recovery is very important, because shoulder girdle has larger ROM than other part. For the prevention of injury in shoulder girdle, we should know functional-anatomical view, take moderate technique training, and have sufficient muscle exercise, stretching, and warming-up. And hard training with protection equipment needs wearing and checking fittable equipment, and should be reduced injury by precise technique during the game, with sufficient exercises.
박택용,조원휘,이정옥 大田産業大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
The modern residence environment should be familiar to meet the use' values and correspond with the societal changes. Now we suggest a way of holocaust culture for a convenient residence environment our unique holocaust. Furthermore, we are to satisfy the consumer's aesthetic demand by developing the design of room controller of gas boiler. And the consumption of gas boilers are increasing because of the new understanding of gas and the safety and convenience of it. So we beside the course of design of the basis of the trend of boiler business, consumer’s taste and the problem of exiting Products. The we came to a final design concept by the design process.
위장질환에 따른 H.pylori 감염빈도와 검사방법의 비교분석
김대현,조재현,금민수,최성곤,이창형,탁원형,권영오,김성국,최용환,정준모 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2
목적 : H. pylori가 위장관 질환의 병인에 깊은 관련이 있어 이의 적절한 진단 및 치료가 중요하게 대두되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 소화기 증상을 주소로 내원한 환자들을 대상으로 내시경 검사를 실시하여 H. pylori검출을 위한 CLO검사, IgG 항체검사 및 H&E 염색 등을 시행하여 각 질환별로 H. pylori 감염의 양성율을 알아보고 검사법에 따른 민감도 및 특이도를 그 유용성에 대하여 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1996 4월에서 8월까지 경북대학교병원에 소화기증상을 주소로 내원한 총 313명의 환자를 대상으로 내시경 검사를 실시하여 H. pylori 검출을 위한 CLO 검사, IgG 항체검사, 조직염색 검사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 전체 대상 환자수는 313명이었고 연령별 분포는 16세부터 80세 까지 다양하였으며 그중40대, 50대, 60대가 각각 69예(22%), 73예(23.3%), 65예(20.8%)로 전체 환자중 66%를 차지하였다. 남녀비는 2.07 대 1로 남자가 많았다. 대상환자의 평균나이는 52±15세였고, 전체 대상환자에서 H. pylori 양성군과 음성군의 평균나이는 각각 50±15세, 54±15세 였고, 궤양환자군에서 H. pylori 양성군과 음성군사이의 평균나이는 각각 49±14.8세, 55±13.8세로 나타났다. 각 질환별분포는 위염이 72명(23%), 십이지장 궤양이 85명(27.2%), 위궤양이 80명(25.6%), 위암이 20명(6.4%), 비궤양성 소화불량이 13명(4.2%), 기타가 43명(13.7%)이었으며, H. pylori 감염 양성율은 위염이 71%, 십이지장 궤양이 86.8%, 위궤양이 58.3%, 위암이 75%, 비궤양성 소화불량이 75%였으며 특히 유문륜 궤양에서는 100%의 양성율을 보였다. 소화성 궤양군과 비궤양군에서의 H. pylori 양성율을 비교해 본 결과 궤양군에서는 73.1%, 비궤양군에서는 72%로 통계학적으로 차이는 없었다(P=0.91). 소화성 궤양환자에서 출혈이 동반된 군과 동반되지 않은 군에서의 H. pylori 양성율을 비교해 본 결과 출혈이 동반된 군에서의 양성율은 54.5%였고, 출혈이 동반되지 않은 군에서는 77.5%의 양성율을 보여 출혈이동반되지 않은 군에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다(P=0.014). 나이에 따른 양성율을 알아본 결과 50세 이하에서는 78.5%였고, 50세 이상에서는 67.5%로서 양성율이 낮았으나 통계학적으로 유의성은 없었다(P=0.052). 각 검사법에 따른 민감도 및 특이도는 전체 환자중에서는 CLO검사가 88.9%, 96.1%, IgG항체검사 90.8%, 58.5%, H&E 염색검사 86.9%, 79.2%로서 민감도는 비슷하게 나왔으나 CLO검사는 상대적으로 특이도가 다른 검사법에 비해 높았다. 궤양군에서의 CLO검사의 민감도와 특이도는 92.0%, 95.6%였고, 비궤양군에서의 민감도와 특이도는 84.3%, 96.8%로서 비궤양군에서는 CLO검사의 민감도는 약간 낮았다. 나이에 따른 CLO 검사의 민감도 및 특이도는 50세 이하에서는 91.5%, 93.1% 였고, 50세 이상에서는 86.3%, 97.9%로서 50세 이상에서는 상대적으로 CLO검사의 민감도가 낮았다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 위장질환에 따른 H. pylori 양성율을 알아보았는데, 다른 보고에서 처럼 높게 나왔으며, 진단 방법으로 사용한 CLO검사, IgG항체 검사, 조직염색검사 등은 모두 비교적 높은 예민도를 나타냈고, 그중 CLO검사가 간편하고 경제적이라는 면에서 임상적으로 유용한 검사로 여겨지나 상대적으로 CLO검사의 민감도가 낮은 비궤양성 질환과 50세 이상의 환자군에서는 CLO검사 외에 다른 검사방법을 병행함으로써 H. pylori의 진단율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background: Gastric colonization by Helicobacter. pylori is common among patients with peptic ulcer and gastritis. And various diagnostic tests are available in confirming H. pylori infection. The aim of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Gastroduodenal disorders and compare the sensitivity and specificity of the most widely available tests. Methods: A total of 313 patients were tested for H. pylori infection by IgG Ab, CLO test and H&E stains. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in duodenal ulcer(86.8%) than in gastric cancer(75%), gastritis(71%) and gastric ulcer(58.3%)(P=0.009). The sensitivity and specificity of each test was as follows: CLO test(88.9%, 96.1%), IgG Ab test(90.8%, 58.5%), H&E stain(86.9%, 79.2%). Sensitivity of CLO test in peptic group was 92.0%, whereas in non-peptic group, it was 86.3%. Sensitivity of CLO test in age under 50 was 91.5%, that over 50 it was 86.3%. Conculsions: There is a strong association between H. pylori and gastrointestinal disorders. CLO tests have relatively high sensitivity and specificity, especially in peptic group and younger age(below 50 yr)group. But in those patients in which CLO tests are less sensitive (age>50 or non-peptic group), more than one test may be necessary to diagnose the presence of the organism.