일원철학(一圓哲學)의 마음론과 사상인(四象人)의 마음공부(1) -『정전』 「제2 교의편」을 중심으로-

임병학 ( Lim Byeong-hak ),최구원 ( Choi Ku-won ) 한국동서철학회 2018 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.88

본 논문은 『동의수세보원』에서 밝히고 있는 사상인의 마음작용을 바탕하여, 일원철학의 『정전』의 마음론으로 사상인의 마음공부에 대하여 고찰하였다. 일원철학과 사상철학은 마음학이라는 공통점을 가지고 있다. 또 『주역』의 음양(陰陽)사상을 근본으로 소태산은 정신개벽을 통해 인간의 종교적 심성과 윤리적 삶을 밝히고, 동무는 인간의 도덕적 마음에 근거한 사상의학(四象醫學)을 창안하였다. 특히 두 철학은 구한말 고통 받는 민중들의 삶을 극복하고자 하는 애민(愛民)의 마음에서 주창된 한국철학이다. 본 논문은 일원철학과 사상철학의 마음학을 융합한 첫 번째 연구로 일원철학의 근본 가르침인 사은과 사요, 그리고 팔조를 중심으로 사상인의 마음공부를 고찰하였다. 먼저 『정전』의 사은은 인의예지(仁義禮智)를 통해 사상인의 마음공부와 연결된다. 인(仁)은 부모은ㆍ의(義)는 법률은ㆍ예(禮)는 동포은ㆍ지(知)는 천지은과 결부되기 때문에 태양인은 법률은을 헤아리고 감사할 줄 아는 마음공부가 필요하며, 소음인은 동포 은혜에 대한 감사하는 마음공부가 있어야 하며, 소양인은 부모에 대한 공경하고 감사하는 마음공부가 필요하며, 태음인은 천지에 대한 감사하는 마음공부가 필요함을 알 수 있다. 또 사요에서 자력 양성은 소양인의 나심(懶心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 지자 본위는 태양인의 절심(竊心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 타자녀 교육은 태음인의 치심(侈心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 공도자 숭배는 소음인의 탈심(奪心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 된다. 다음으로 팔조(八條)의 진행 사조에서 태양인은 모든 것을 이루려고 할 때 마음을 정하는 믿음이 있음이 필요하고, 소음인은 용감하고 굳세게 목표를 향하는 분심(憤心)을 가지는 마음공부가 필요하고, 소양인은 끝까지 목적을 이루게 하는 정성의 마음공부가 필요하고, 태음인은 모르는 것을 지혜롭게 알아내는 의단(疑端)을 가지는 마음공부가 필요한 것이다. 또 사연 사조에서 태음인은 치심이 생겨서 결정하지 못하는 불신의 마음이 있고, 소음인은 탈심하는 마음이 생겨서 모든 것을 자기 식대로 왜곡하려는 어리석음이 있고, 소양인은 게으름의 마음인 나심이 있고, 태양인은 모든 것을 탐하려는 탐욕심이 있기 때문에 이를 제거하는 마음공부가 필요함을 알 수 있다. This study is about the mind practice of Sasangin from the scriptures of Won-Buddhism of Il-Won Philosophy based on the mental factors of Sasangin that are determined in Donguisusebowon. Il-Won Philosophy and Sasang-philosophy have a common point in mind practice. Based on the Yin and Yang concept of Itching, Sotaesan (少太山) has revealed the religious mentality and ethical life of the human being through psychological creation, while Dongmoo (東武) invented Sasang medicine based on humanity’s moral mind. In particular, these two philosophies are Korean philosophies originated from the mind of love that seeks to help people to overcome the suffering of life. This thesis is the first attempt to integrate the Il-Won Philosophy and the Sasang philosophy. It examines the mind practice of Sasangin centering on The Fourfold Graces, The Four Essentials and The Eight Articles which are the basic teachings of the Il-Won Philosophy. First, The Fourfold Graces of Jungjeon are connected to the mind study of Sasangin through In-ui-ye-ji. Because the In is related to the grace of parents, the Ui colligates the grace of laws, Ye is coupled with the grace of fellow beings and Ji is connected to the grace of heaven and earth. So Taeyangin needs to study mind practice to know the grace of laws and appreciate them. Soeumin must do mind practice to appreciate the grace of fellow beings and Soyangin needs to perform mind practice about respect and gratitude for one’s parents. We can know that Taeeumin needs to improve the mind that expresses gratitude for heaven and earth. In the four Essentials, ‘The Developing Self-Power’ is a way to overcome the lazy mind of Soyangin. ‘The Primacy of the Wise’ becomes a way of the self-discipline of the mind to overcome the greedy mind of Taeyangin. ‘Educating Others’ Children’ is a great method of mind practice which overcomes the extravagant mind of Taeeumin. ‘Venerating the Public-Spirited’ is a way of mind practice that overcomes the dogmatism(奪心) of Soeumin. Next, in the proceedings of The Eight Articles(八條), Taeyangin needs to have the faith that sets the mind when trying to accomplish everything; Soeumin needs their mind practice to have zeal, with brave and strong intentions toward their goals; Soyangin needs to polish up the heart until the end to achieve the goal; and Taeumin has to discipline the mind with a suspicion of knowing that which he does not know wisely. Taeumin nreuires a mind practice that has doubts arising in one’s mind for knowing wisely what one does not know. In The Four Articles to Forsake, Taeumin has a mind of disbelief that cannot be determined because of indulgence(侈心), Soeumin has a foolish mind to distort everything in his own way because of having dogmatism(奪心), Soyangin has a lazy heart and Taeyangin has the greediness to want for everything, so the four Sasangins need mind practicing to remove these faults.

초속경 LMC의 시험시공을 위한 시방배합 및 현장배합 연구

윤경구,김성환,정원경,최성욱 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 논문은 콘크리트 배합시 발생하는 과도한 기포 발생 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 최적의 소포제 종류 및 혼입률 범위를 산정하여 초속경 라텍스 개질 콘크리트 성능을 개선하는 것이다. 초속경 라텍스 개질 모르타르 실험은 4종류의 소포제 A, B, C, D와 혼입률 0, 1, 2, 3%을 주요 변수로 하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 초속경 라텍스 개질 모르타르 및 콘크리트의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 공기량 시험, 압축강도 및 휨강도 시험을 수행하였으며, 투수특성을 분석하기 위해서 염화이온 투과시험을 수행하였다. 초속경 라텍스 개질 모르타르의 공기량시험 결과 소포제 종류에 상관없이 소포제 혼입률 1%이상 첨가시 공기량은 50%이상 감소하였다. 또한, 소포제 첨가에 의한 기포발생량 감소에 의해서 압축강도의 증진을 이루었다. 초속경 라텍스 개질 콘크리트 실험은 모르타르 실험에서 우수한 특성을 나타낸 A, C 소포제로 선정하여 실험을 수행하였다. 초속경 라텍스 개질 콘크리트의 강도 특성에서는 A 소포제 혼입률 1%에서 압축강도 235 kgf/㎠, 휨강도는 조기 교통개방에 요구되는 휨강도 기준 45kgf/㎠를 초과하는 49kgf/㎠를 나타내었다. 초속경 라텍스 개질 콘크리트의 투수성을 분석하기 위한 염화이온투과시험에서 A 소포제는 각각 혼입률 1%, 2%에서 가장 우수한 투수저항성을 나타내어 재령 28일에서는 통과전하량이 100쿨롱 이하를 나타내어 불투수성을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study was to remove the excessive air foaming which was produced in mixing the RSLMC(latex-modified concrete with rapid-setting cement) by choosing the best antifoam agent type and the optimized quantity for performance improved RSLMC. A series of RSLMM(latex-modified mortar with rapid-setting cement) experiments were carried out as the basic for RSLMC with the main experimental variables such as antifiamer types (A, B, C, D), antifoamer contents (0, 1, 2, 3%), and latex contents (15%). A series of RSLMC experiments, also, were carried out with the similar main experimental variables but with the selected antifoamer types (A, C). Air content test and compressive, flexural tests were carried out to measure the improved properties of RSLMM and RSLMC. Chloride ion permeability test was carried out to estimate water permeability resistance. The results of RSLMM showed that the decrease of 50% air content was obtained by admixturing a antifoam agent by 1%. Two kinds and the optimized quantities of antifoam agent were selected for using in RSLMC. The results of RELMC were obtained at a latex content of 15% and an antifoam agent quantity of 1% with antifoamer A type. The compressive strength and flexural strength at 3 hours after RSLMC placement were 235 kgf/㎠ and 49kgf/㎠, respectively, which exceeded the flexural strength criterion of 45 kgf/㎠ in order to open the RSLMC placed to traffic. The rapid chloride permeability test was used to evaluate the permeability of RSLMC. The optimited quantity of antifoamer A and C type were 1% and 2% for the permeability test, respectively. The chloride permeability using A and C antifoamer at 28 days were below 100 coulombs, which was the permeability rating of negligible according to ASTM.

콘크리트 공극 분석을 위한 평면간격계수의 제안

정원경,최성용,김성환,윤경구 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.A

Air void systems in hardened concrete has an important influence on concrete durability such as freeze-thaw resistance, water permeability, surface scaling resistance. Linear traverse method and point count method described at ASTM are the routine analysis of the air void system that have been widely used to estimate the spacing factor in hardened concrete. Recently, many concretes often have a spacing factor higher than the generally accepted 200-250㎛ limit for the usual range of air contents. This study is proposed to estimate the plane spacing factor by calculation of simplicity. The plane spacing factor need two parameters that are air content and numbers of air voids in the hardened concrete. Those obtained from the standard air-void system analysis of the ASTM C 457. The equation is valid for all values of paste-to-air ratio because the estimation of paste content is unnecessary at the using ASTM C 457. The plane spacing factor yields a similar estimate of the standard spacing factor.

플루옥세틴 캅셀제의 지원자에 대한 생체이용율 및 대사율 비교

강원구,박용순,조규행,최준식,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Fluoxetine is a nontricyclic antidepressant which blocks serotonin reuptake selectively. Its N-demethyl metabolite, norfluoxetine is also selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake. This study was carried out to compare the bioavailability of Myung-in fluoxetine (20 ㎎/cap with that of Prozac?. The bioavailability was conducted on 24 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (80 ㎎) of each drug in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 48 hours. plasma was analyzed for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine by a sensitive and validated HPLC assay. The major pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_0-48hr, Cmax, Tmax. AUC_inf.. MRT. T_1/2. Vd and Cl) were clculated from the plasma fluoxetine concentration-time data of each volunteer. The microcomputer program. "WinNonlin' was used for compartmental analysis. A two-compartment model with first-order inpot, first-order output and no lag time was chosen as the most appropriate phamacokinetic model. The data were best described by using a weighting factor of 1/y^2. Though the plasma fluoxetine concentrations of Myung-in fluoxetine were higher than those of Prozac® at all observed time from 7.9% to 16.9% (P<0.05 at 6, 7 and 10 hr), the bioavailability of Myung-in fluoxetine appeared to be bioequivalent with that of Prozac®. There were no statistical significant differences between the two drugs in al pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC_0-48hr of norfluoxetine.

복막투석복막염 환자에서 발생한 창자벽공기증 1예

정선영,나지훈,최윤정,고성애,조규향,박종원,도준영,윤경우 영남대학교 의과대학 2009 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.26 No.1

Peritonitis is a serious problem in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Rarely pneumatosis intestinalis can occur as a complication of this infectious process. Pneumatosis intestinalis is a potential life threatening condition with a challenging management. The mortality of peritoneal dialysis patients with pneumatosis intestinalis secondary to mesenteric ischemia is almost 100%. We describe a rare case of pneumatosis intestinalis in a peritoneal dialysis patient who developed Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis which was initially treated with appropriate antibiotics. Since initial response to therapy was not achieved, an abdominal computerized tomography was done which revealed a pneumatosis intestinalis. A laparotomy was performed and small bowel necrosis was seen. A segmented resection with ileostomy, jejunostomy was done. Though surgical treatment was performed, the patient died in 2 weeks after admission. Pneumocystitis intestinalis in peritoneal dialysis peritonitis is a uncommon complication which requires prompt evaluation to rule out mesenteric ischemia as it carries a high mortality and its management will be surgical.

급성 조증에서 기분안정제와 리스페리돈의 병합 투여 효과 : 다기관 개방연구

김광수,배치운,윤진상,김영훈,이양현,지익성,이철,송혜경,최성구,박원명 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Ohjective : The primary purpose of this study was a replication of the effectiveness and tolerability of rispehdone in the treatment of patients with acute mania in very larger cohon in naturalistic treatment setting to extend the data on the effect and tolerability of risperidone in the treatment of patients with acute mania to Asian population. Methods : A total of 909 patients with DSM-TV criteria of bipolar disorder current manic and hypomanic episode, entered this large, open, multicentre study. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Simpson-Angus Rating Scale (SARS) were measured at baseline and weeks 1, 3 and 6, for the assessment of effectiveness and extra-pyramidal symptom (EPS). Results : This study showed statistically significant reduction of scores on the YMRS and CGI-s (mean change=-23.5±11.8, p<0.0001 ; mean change=-2.7±1.5, p<0.0001, respectively) from the baseline to the endpoint (week 6). Number of patients with 50% reduction or more in the YMRS and CGI-s scores was 693 (77.8%) and 630 (70.7%) at endpoint, respec-tively. There were no statistically significant increments of scores on SARS. Risperidone was generally well tolerated. Conclusion : The present larger open study demonstrates that hsperidone add-on therapy is effective and tolerable in treat-ment of bipolar disorder, replicating results in various controlled and uncontrolled studies from Western countries.

Cystic adenomyosis in a cystic degenerated pedunculated leiomyoma mimicking pelvic inclusion cyst: A case report

( Choi Won Ku ) 대한산부인과학회 2021 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.107 No.-

Co-operative roles of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 in the progression of ovarian carcinomas and the survival of ovarian carcinoma patients

( Won Ku Choi ),( Usama Khamis Hussein ),( Asmaa Gamal Ahmed ),( Junyue Zhang ),( Kyoung Min Kim ),( Ae Ri Ahn ),( Ho Sung Park ),( See-hyoung Park ),( Dong Hyu Cho ),( Kyu Yun Jang ) 대한산부인과학회 2023 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.109 No.-

5L-Scale Magnesio-Milling Reduction of Nanostructured SiO₂ for High Capacity Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cho, Won Chul,Kim, Hye Jin,Lee, Hae In,Seo, Myung Won,Ra, Ho Won,Yoon, Sang Jun,Mun, Tae Young,Kim, Yong Ku,Kim, Jae Ho,Kim, Bo Hwa,Kook, Jin Woo,Yoo, Chung-Yul,Lee, Jae Goo,Choi, Jang Wook American Chemical Society 2016 NANO LETTERS Vol.16 No.11

<P>Nanostructured silicon (Si) is useful in many applications and has typically been synthesized by bottom-up colloid-based solution processes or top-down gas phase reactions at high temperatures. These methods, however, suffer from toxic precursors, low yields, and impractical processing conditions (i.e., high pressure). The magnesiothermic reduction of silicon oxide (SiO2) has also been introduced as an alternative method. Here, we demonstrate the reduction of SiO2 by a simple milling process using a lab scale planetary-ball mill and industry-scale attrition-mill. Moreover, an ignition point where the reduction begins was consistently observed for the milling processes, which could be used to accurately monitor and control the reaction. The complete conversion of rice husk SiO2 to high purity Si was demonstrated, taking advantage of the rice husk's uniform nanoporosity and global availability, using a 5L-scale attrition-mill. The resulting porous Si showed excellent performance as a Li-ion battery anode, retaining 82.8% of the initial capacity of 1466 mAh g(-1) after 200 cycles.</P>

말초 신경아세포종 ( peripheral neuroblastoma )

허원(Won Hur),원진형(Jin Hyoung Won),안성구(Sung Ku Ahn),이원수(Won Soo Lee),이승헌(Seung Hun Lee),최수임(Soo Imm Choi) 대한피부과학회 1993 대한피부과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

A case of peripheral neuroblastoma of a 33-year-old male, which was located on the left buttock, is presented. Histologcally, this tumor demonstrated smaliound cell infiltrations which were arranged in a characteristic rosette pattern and the tumor cells were positively stained with neuron specific enolase. We review the clinical, histopathological ultrastructural and immunohisto chemical characteristics of this rare tumor, as well as the differential diagnosis with other small round cell tumors. (Kor J Dermatol 1993; 31 (2): 253-257)