Brain Topological Correlates of Motor Performance Changes After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Park, Chang-hyun,Chang, Won Hyuk,Yoo, Woo-Kyoung,Shin, Yong-Il,Kim, Sung Tae,Kim, Yun-Hee Mary Ann Liebert 2014 Brain connectivity Vol.4 No.4

<P>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) influences the brain temporally beyond the stimulation period and spatially beyond the stimulation site. Application of rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to lead to plastic changes in interregional connectivity over the motor system as well as alterations in motor performance. With a sequential combination of rTMS over the M1 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought changes in the topology of brain networks and specifically the association of brain topological changes with motor performance changes. In a sham-controlled parallel group experimental design, real or sham rTMS was administered to each of the 15 healthy subjects without prior motor-related dysfunctions, over the right M1 at a high frequency of 10 Hz. Before and after the intervention, fMRI data were acquired during a sequential finger motor task using the left, nondominant hand. Changes in the topology of brain networks were assessed in terms of global and local efficiency, which measures the efficiency in transporting information at global and local scales, respectively, provided by graph-theoretical analysis. Greater motor performance changes toward improvements after real rTMS were shown in individuals who exhibited more increases in global efficiency and more decreases in local efficiency. The enhancement of motor performance after rTMS is supposed to be associated with brain topological changes, such that global information exchange is facilitated, while local information exchange is restricted.</P>

건축 프로젝트 적정 설계변경 관리를 위한 사례조사

김성욱(Kim Sung-Wook),남혜원(Nam Hye-Won),이종식(Lee Jong-Sik),신창현(Shin Chang-Hyun),전재열(Chun Jae-Youl) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

Recent design changes in the existing research on the factors and issues of design changes and analysis, responsible for analyzing the relationship, procedural issues, and issues of research that can be active. However, changes in the design of problems are essentially designed to complement the book is for the procedure. Methodology for dealing with design changes in the characteristics of the country and to reflect more realistically, and various design changes and looked at trends in related research. the design Change of this study to examine the domestic status and problems, identify the status of the country about the design changes, and in suggesting the direction to the development of the design changes.

Safety of a Traditional Korean Medicine, Cheonggan extracts (CGX): A 2-week Single-dose Toxicity Study in SD Rats and Beagle Dogs

Shin, Jang-Woo,Cho, Jung-Hyo,Seo, Dong-Seok,Sung, Nak-Won,Kwon, Min,Son, Chang-Gue The Society of Korean Medicine 2009 대한한의학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Objectives: To evaluate the acute toxic effects and approximate lethal dose of Cheonggan extracts (CGX) in SD rats and beagle dogs. Methods: Male and female rats were divided into 4 groups (Control, CGX 1250, CGX 2500, CGX 5000) respectively and male and female dogs were divided into two groups respectively (Control, CGX 5000) respectively. A single oral dose of CGX was treated to the rats and dogs. Mortality, signs of gross toxicity, and behavioral changes were observed over 14 days. All animals were observed every hour for 4 hours after administration and once a day thereafter for 14 days. Body weights were determined at $0_{th}$, $7_{th}$, and $14_{th}$ days. All surviving animals were sacrificed and necrotized. Major organs were inspected visually for gross findings. Results: No animals died in any of the groups during the experimental period (2 weeks), rats or dogs. Body weights of rats and dogs during the experiment continuously increased in all groups but there was no significant change. No abnormal clinical signs were observed for 2 weeks after a single administration of CGX in any dose group of CGX, rats or dogs. No abnormal findings in major organs were observed in any group of rats or dogs. Conclusion: CGX does not have acute toxic effects in rats or dogs. Therefore, an approximate lethal dose is assumed to exceed 5000 mg/kg in both rats and dogs.

pH-LAPS의 제작 및 그 특성

장수원,고광락,강신원 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

A silicon-based light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) to detect the pH changes was developed. The pH-LAPS structure is Si_(3)N_(4)/SiO_(2)/Si layers, and SiO_(2) layer and Si_(3)N_(4) thin flim which is used as a pH-sensing layer had been grown by dry oxidation and LPCVD method, respectively. We excited photocurrent in the pH-LAPS device by illuminating 10kHz alternative light upon the back of it. The phtocurrent changes according to the potential change, varied by the pH, on the interface between electrolyte and insulator. The fabricated pH-LAPS shows good sensitivity(about 56mV/pH) and lineality in the range from pH 2 to pH 11.

무증상 갑상선기능저하증 환자에서 Thyroxine 치료에 따른 혈청 지질 및 아포지단백의 변화

조보연,신찬수,김원배,고창순,김성연,박혜영,박건상,이홍규,박형규,김숙경 대한내분비학회 1996 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.11 No.1

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) is a common biochemical abnormality which can be found in routine screening tests of thyroid function. We are increasingly faced with the question of whether its an indication for thyroxine replacement therapy. The effect of thyroxine replacement on lipid profile in SCH has aroused a great interest because of an association of overt hypothyroidism(OVH) with hyperlipidemia and increased risk of coronary artery disease. Method: We prospectively evaluated the changes in lipids and apoproteins before and after thyroxine replacement therapy in 23 patients with SCH and in 37 patients with OVH. We measured serum total cholesterol and triglyceride using autoanalyzer, high density lipoprotein(HDL) chole-sterol by dextran sulfate method, Apo A1 and Apo B by immunonephelometric assay. Results: Thyroxine replacement therapy significantly decreased total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol and apo B levels, but did not affect the level of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol or apo AI in patients with OVH. In SCH, thyroxine replacement therapy with the doses to normalize serum TSH concentrations also decreased significantly the level of cholesterol and LDL cholesterol albeit apo B levels did not change. Moreover, in most of patients with OVH (11 of 12) and in all of patients with SCH(5 of 5) who had had hyperchlesterolemia before treatment, thyroxine replament normalized their cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: In regard to the beneficial changes in blood lipid levels, patients with SCH should be treated, especially in cases who have other risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. If thyroxine replacement only will reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease in SCH remains to be elucidated by long-term prospective studies(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 11:41-51, 1996).

Trends in incidence and survival of esophageal cancer in Korea: Analysis of the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database

Shin, Aesun,Won, Young‐,Joo,Jung, Hye‐,Kyung,Kong, Hyun‐,Joo,Jung, Kyu‐,Won,Oh, Chang‐,Mo,Choe, Sunho,Lee, Jihyun John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Vol.33 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background and Aim</B></P><P>The diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of esophageal cancer have recently improved in Asia, and its prognosis is expected to change. This study provides a population‐based report on the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in Korea.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2013 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, covering the entire population. Age‐standardized incidence rates and annual percent changes were calculated according to subsites and histological types. Five‐year relative survival rates were estimated for cases diagnosed between 1993 and 2013. Relative excess rates were compared between patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013 and 2006 to 2008.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The age‐standardized incidence rates decreased from 8.8 per 100 000 populations in 1999 to 5.9 in 2013 with an annual percent change of −2.6% in men and −2.2% in women. The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 90.2% of all esophageal cancers in 2013, followed by adenocarcinomas (3.1%), and their incidences decreased. The proportion of localized and regional cancer tended to increase compared with that of distant cancer. Five‐year relative survival of squamous cell carcinoma improved from 12.1% (1993–1995) to 34.6% (2009–2013). Relative excess rate was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.65–0.80) in localized stage and 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.95) in regional stage comparing patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013 and 2006 to 2008.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The incidence of esophageal cancer has decreased in Korea for the past 15 years, and 5‐year survival rates have improved significantly. These increases may be attributable to more effective detection of early‐stage disease.</P>

The clinical manifestations of stasis dermatitis and analysis of association with other vascular diseases

( Jeong Won Jo ),( Chang Il Kwon ),( Young Bin Shin ),( Yun Sun Moon ),( Eui Chang Jung ),( Chi Yeon Kim ),( Tae Jin Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2

Background: Stasis dermatitis is a common dermatologic disorder. It is caused by venous hypertension results from venous backward flow. However, research on the association with specific vascular disease is insufficient. Objectives: This study was intended to investigate in clinical manifestations of stasis dermatitis and analysis of association with other vascular diseases in our hospital outpatients. Methods: In this study, we investigated 37 patients with a diagnosis of stasis dermatitis in our hospital from 2014 to 2019. We reviewed clinical manifestations and relation with other vascular disease. Results: In total 37 cases, 20 (54.1%) patients were female and 17 (45.9%) patients were male. Twelve two (59.5%) patients were presented as erythema, followed by 14 (37.8%) as purpuric lesions and 11 (29.7%) as brownish changes. There were 4 (10.8%) patients showed crust, 3 (8.1%) as edema, 2 (5.4%) as scale, 2 (5.4%) as ulcer. For symptoms, 15 (40.5%) patients complained itching, 4 (10.8%) as tenderness, 3 (8.1%) as pain, 1 (2.7%). In relation with other vascular disease, 16 (43.2%) patients represented with vein related disease such as deep vein thrombosis, varicose vein and thrombophlebitis. However, there was no arterial disease such as arteriosclerosis obliterans. Conclusion: The result shows clinical manifestations of stasis dermatitis and association with other specific vascular diseases. By understanding these findings, it is expected that better treatment outcome will be obtained.

유기박막 광도파로형 바이오(칼슘이온)센서의 개발

강신원,박이순,김성훈,김창원 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1955 연차보고서 Vol.1995 No.-

본 연구는 고감도, 빠른 응답특성 및 넓은 센싱범위를 갖는 능동형 유기박막 광도파로형 칼슘이온센서를 개발하였으며, 이와 병행하여 중성 ionophore와 함께 특정 음이온 선택성의 색소(LAD : lipophilic anionic dye)를 설계·합성을 하였다. 유기박막 광도파로형 칼슘이온센서는 감지막 자체를 박막광도파로화 함으로써 빠른 응답시간과 고감도의 특성을 가졌으며, 514㎚ 광원에서 10^-6∼1M의 범위의 Ca^++ 의 농도를 측정할 수 있었다. 또한 새로이 합성된 LAD의 칼륨이온선택성을 분광측정으로 평가한 결과, 광이온센서(optode)들의 변색성 이온감응물질로서 사용이 가능함을 확인하였다. A new approach to the design and construction of thin-film optical waveguide Ca^+2 sensor has been developed by using a copolymer matrixed membrane that incorporates a cation-selective neutral ionophore, H^+-selective neutral chromo-ionophore, and lipophilic anionic sites in the same plasticized copolymer membrane. This sensor is based on absorption measurement, and it makes use of host molecules that change their optical properties through an actual ion-sensitivity recognition process. In parallel, the high ion-selective lipophilic anionic dye(LAD) was synthesized and evaluated. Proposed ion sensor, utilizing thin film membrane which is the waveguide itself, exhibited rapid response time and high sensitivity. And sensor could detect a wide range of Ca^++ concentrations ranging from 10^6 ∼ 1M by measuring the absorbance change at 514㎚ of light. The newly synthesized LAD showed its potential applicability as chromoionophore for optodes and/or thin-film optical waveguide sensors.

정책홍보 수행과정 모델에 따른 정책홍보 수행 현황과 모델 충실도 연구

신호창(Shin Ho-Chang),이두원(Lee Du-Won),김정선(Kim Jung-Sun) 한국정치정보학회 2006 정치정보연구 Vol.9 No.2

국가정책에 대한 홍보는 국민의 의견을 수렴하여 정책을 결정하는 사전 홍보로부터 시작하여, 정책을 집행하기 전 문제관리 및 위기 예방차원의 홍보, 정책 집행을 효과적으로 수행하기 위한 홍보 프로그램 수행, 그리고 효과 평가에 이르기까지 단계적으로 수행되어야 한다. 국가의 정책홍보 프로세스는 크게 정책 구상 단계, 정책 결정 단계, 정책 발표 및 집행 단계, 정책 홍보 효과 평가 단계인 4가지 단계로 분류된다. 이를 기본으로 각 단계별 세부 내용에 따라 국가정책의 홍보 활동을 제시하고 분석할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 정책홍보의 수행과정 모델에 따른 정책홍보 수행 현황과 모델 충실도를 파악해보고자 하였다. 따라서 과연 국가의 정책 수행 과정 속에서 실제 ‘정책홍보’는 어떻게 이루어 지고 있으며, 정책 홍보를 담당하는 부처 담당자들은 정책홍보의 수행 과정 절차를 충실하게 따라 이행하고 있는가에 연구의 초점을 맞추었다. 특히 정책홍보 담당자들이 단계별 정책홍보 수행 내용을 충실하게 이행하고 있는지, 만일 그렇지 않다면 어떤 이유가 주된 것인지, 그 문제를 파악하여 정책 홍보 담당자들에게 효율적인 업무 수행 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 정부의 정책홍보 수행 과정에서 홍보팀과 비홍보팀간의 수행정도의 차이가 있는가를 살펴보고자 하였다. Government policy PR activities range, longitudinally, from the conception step of a policy to the completion of the policy and include, latitudinally, such PR activities as media relations, community relations, issue and crisis management, MPR, advertising campaign, and public affairs. For the last several years Korean government has emphasized the Policy PR practices to acquire people's supports and agreements on her policies. However, regardless of Korean government's effort to promote the policy PR activities, many opinion leaders and the press have pointed out the lack of the government's rapport with people in policy PR communication. The purpose of this study is to examine "the fulfillment of the performative model for the government policy PR practices." In this study “the performative model for the government policy PR practices" indicates "the model for the proper policy PR practices at the four different stages of carrying out a policy, i.e., the stages of policy designing, decision-making, carrying out, and evaluation. Accordingly, four research questions are explored surveying 160 government officials and the results of each question are briefly as follows: Firstly, at the stage of 'a policy designing' how substantially the PR research and proactive PR activities are carried out and is there substantial difference between the policy PR team and other task teams in the fulfillment of those policy PR activities? The study result shows that some substantial PR activities like planning, proactive communication, building media relation, etc. are being carried out. Secondly, at the stage of decision-making on the policy, how substantially the PR activities needed at this stage are carried out and is there substantial difference between the policy PR team and other task teams in the fulfillment of those policy PR activities? The study result indicates that some substantial PR activities like public analysis, issue analysis, PR program planning, building cooperative relationships are being carried out; yet, the limitation of PR budgets, personal resources, sincerity in proactive policy PR still needs to be improved. Thirdly, at the stage of 'carrying out a policy,' how substantially the PR activities needed at this stage are carried out and is there substantial difference between the policy PR team and other task teams in the fulfillment of those policy PR activities? The study result shows that at this stage such PR activities as internal communication, crisis management, PR agency consulting, publicity are often being practiced. Fourthly, at the stage of a 'policy evaluation,' how substantially the policy PR activities are evaluated and is there substantial difference between the policy PR team and other task teams in the fulfillment of the policy PR evaluation? The study result shows that a policy PR evaluation is mostly being focused on publicity on media and the evaluation result is sometimes used as the feedback for the next project. However, there appeared the lack of evaluation on those target audiences' attitude changes. And, at the four stages of carrying out a policy, there appeared respectively some significant differences between the policy PR team and other task teams in the fulfillment of those policy PR activities required at each stage.

Acral calcified angioleiomyoma: a rare clinicopathologic variant of cutaneous angioleiomyoma

( Kihyuk Shin ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Gun-wook Ki 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

Cutaneous angioleiomyomas are benign tumors with vascular smooth muscle differentiation. The tumor usually involves the lower extremity, but acral sites such as toes, fingers, feet, and hands are rarely affected. Leiomyoma of deep soft tissue commonly shows regressive changes including prominent fibrosis, and calcification, however, cutaneous angioleiomyoma rarely manifests these changes. A 61-year-old female presented with subcutaneous nodule on the right heel. The lesion began to develop 3 months ago without history of trauma or infection, and the patient reported no subjective symptom. The lesion was totally excised, and histopathology revealed a well-circumscribed, non-encapsulated tumor composed of interlacing fascicles of spindled cells with elongated blunt-ended nuclei. A major finding was extensive calcifications, which dominated over the cellular component. On immunohistochemical examination, the spindle cells expressed strong immunoreactivity for α -smooth muscle actin. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of acral calcified angioleiomyoma was made. We have described a rare clinicopathologic variant of angioleiomyoma which has a predilection for acral locations and shows extensive calcifications predominating over the tumor itself. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with acral calcified angioleiomyoma in Korean dermatologic literature.