Chinese EFL Learners’ Use of SubjunctiveMarkers in Writing

Wenqiang Chen 한국중원언어학회 2019 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.50

The paper aims to investigate some aspects of subjunctive mood in English and Chinese and examine how Chinese EFL learners perceive them through collecting 60 compositions. In this paper the right subjunctive markers (S-markers) refer to the past tense verbal forms in the subordinate clause, and the past tense modality form in the main clause, which excludes the incorrect S-markers: the present tense either in the subordinate or in the main clause, or in both, and the absence modal verbs in main clause. The findings of the survey reveal that their accuracy rate of S-markers is rather low. I mainly ascribe the high incorrect rates to the following factors: the discrepancy between tense and time in English, a different paradigm of expressing future time, tense and aspect denoting the degree of certainty of the utterances, the complicated modality system in the main clause, the past tense in if-conditionals, and the negative transfer from Chinese subjunctive mood, which lacks inflectional verbal forms.

Effect of the scanning speed of laser cladding on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC/Ni composite coatings

Wenqiang Sun,Deqiang Zhang,Xiang Chen,Keyan Wang,Jiqing Zhang,Yunjie Jia 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

Cold work dies (of Cr12MoV) surface of the WC/Ni composite coating prepared by laser cladding can be used to quickly repair worn areas of dies. The composition, hardness, fracture morphology, microstructure, and shear strength of the coating were characterized by microhardness tester, universal tensile testing machine, XRD, EDS, and SEM. The results show that the main phase of the coating is composed are M 23 C 6 , FeNi 3 , Cr 7 C 3 , WC, W 2 C, Cr 2 B, Fe 2 B, and W 2 B. The change of scanning speed only changes the diffraction peak, but has little effect on the internal structure and strengthening mechanism of the coating. With the decrease of scanning speed, the powder deposition density per unit time increases, and a large number of pores and unmelted particles are mixed in the coating, which weakens the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, and the fracture mechanism of the coating changes from quasi-cleavage fracture to brittle fracture.

Analysis of longissimus muscle quality characteristics and associations with DNA methylation status in cattle

Zhi Chen,Shuangfeng Chu,Xin Xu,Jingyi Jiang,Wenqiang Wang,Hongliang Shen,Mingxun Li,Huimin Zhang,Yongjiang Mao,Zhangping Yang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.10

Background As cattle represent one of the most important livestock species for meat production, control of muscle development in regards to quality is an important research focus. Objectives In this study, the phenotypic quality traits and its associations with DNA methylation levels of the longissimus muscle in two cattle breeds were studied. Methods The pH value, water loss rate, fat and protein and fatty acid content were measured in three beef cattle breeds of longissimus mucle; The longissimus mucle was analyzed by MethylRAD-seq and RNA-seq. The differentially methylated and differentially expressed related genes were subjected to BSP. Results Methylation status of longissimus mucle was analyzed by MethylRAD-seq. Compared with Simmental, there were 39 differentially methylated and expressed genes in muscle of Yunling cattle, and 123 differentially methylated and expressed genes in Wenshan muscle. A combined analysis of MethylRAD-seq and RNA-seq results revealed differential methylation and expression level of 18 genes between Simmental and Wenshan cattle, and 14 genes between Simmental and Yunling cattle. In addition, 28 genes were differentially methylated between Wenshan and Yunling cattle. Results of promoter methylation analysis of ACAD11, FADS6 and FASN showed that the overall degree of DNA methylation of FADS6 and FASN was negatively correlated with their expression levels. Methylation level of FASN in Simmental was greater than Yunling and Wenshan. The degree of methylation at the FADS6 CpG4 site was significantly higher in Simmental than that in Yunling. The levels of methylation at the CpG7 locus of the Simmental and Yunling breeds were greater than Wenshan cattle. A negative correlation was detected between the methylation levels and the expression of FASN CpG1, CpG2, CpG3, CpG5, CpG7, and CpG10. Conclusion The functional and molecular regulatory mechanism of the genes related to meat quality can be revealed systematically from aspects of the genetic and epigenetic regulation. These studies will help to further explore the molecular mechanisms and phenotypic differences that regulate growth and quality of different breeds of cattle.

Optimal Location of Piles in Stabilizing Slopes Based on a Simplified Double-row Piles Model

Changdong Li,Wenqiang Chen,Yingjie Song,Wenping Gong,Qihua Zhao 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.2

Embedding single-row piles is often adopted to stabilize slopes in engineering practice. However, for large-scale and complex slopes, single-row piles might not be able to stabilize the slope; rather, double-row piles, even multirow piles, should be adopted. Currently, the optimal locations of double-row stabilizing piles considering local instability of the slope have rarely been studied. In this paper, a simplified analytical model used to analyze double-row pile stabilized slopes is proposed, where the local failure of the slope above the first row of piles is considered. Through the kinematic approach of limit analysis combined with the strength reduction technique, the required resistance forces provided by double-row piles respectively are derived for different pile locations denoted by the rotational angle. Moreover, a framework is developed for analyzing the optimal locations of multirow piles considering multistage potential slip surfaces. The results of an illustrative example are presented, and the reasonableness of the proposed method is verified. It is concluded that the optimal locations of double-row piles lie within middle-lower part of the corresponding stabilized part of the slope. Finally, discussion illustrates the influences of the seismic effects and soil shear strength parameters on the derived optimal pile locations. This study provides novel scientific insight into the optimized design of stabilizing pile locations in engineering practice.

韩国“中国文学批评史”书写述略

高文强(GAO Wenqiang),?舒楠(CHEN Shunan) 동아인문학회 2015 동아인문학 Vol.33 No.-

South Korea has good tradition of Chinese literary study. Professor Che Xiangyuan’s work, The History of Classical Literature Criticism in China, which published in 1975, is the first history book of Chinese Literature Criticism. The book is written in Korean but contains a lot of Chinese materials. This book is a classic and shows the strong research capabilities of South Korea scholars. A contrastive analysis on Che’s book and the contemporaneous books of the same type shows that the Writing of the History of Literary Criticism in South Korea is greatly influenced by China. But there is something special. Che’s book contains the novel and opera criticism, which shows a broad perspective and an open mind. All these literary critics and their literary theories are discussed in classification with tight logic and system. Che sees the Chinese materials as very important and that is a reflection of South Korea scholar’s rigorous scholarship. Scholars in interdisciplinary contexts have more freedom and more extensive academic horizon. All these features provide important implications to Chinese scholar’s study.

Construction of Glycerol Synthesis Pathway in Klebsiella pneumoniae for Bioconversion of Glucose into 1,3-Propanediol

Hong Zong,Xiaohong Liu,Wenqiang Chen,Bin Zhuge,Jin Sun 한국생물공학회 2017 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.22 No.5

1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important three-carbon compound widely used in new polyester polymer materials. Natural organisms that can produce 1,3- PDO from glycerol were well studied. However, no natural microorganisms found could directly convert glucose to 1,3-PDO due to its insufficient glycerol synthesis pathway. In this study, two essential glycerol synthesis genes, CgGPD gene (encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Candida glycerinogenes) and ScGPP2 gene (encoding glycerol-3-phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), were expressed in wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae, a natural 1,3-PDO producers with reduction pathway for 1,3- PDO synthesis from glycerol. The results of fermentation, key enzyme activities, and metabolites analysis confirmed that recombinant K. pneumoniae now possessed a metabolic pathway capable of converting glucose to 1,3-PDO. The strain could produce 1,3-PDO from glucose with a final titer of 17.27 g/L with 40 g/L glucose in the medium, showing a 1.26-fold increase compared with 30 g/L glucose. Also, adding certain concentrations of glycerol could quickly initiate the 1,3-PDO synthetic pathway and promote the accumulation of 1,3-PDO, which could shorten the fermentation cycle. These results have important implications for further studies involving the use of one strain for bioconversion of glucose to 1,3-PDO.

Application of Self-organizing Mapping-Random Forest Model to Map Landslide Susceptibility in Zigui Basin, Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

( Changdong Li ),( Jingjing Long ),( Zhiyong Fu ),( Wenqiang Chen ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

The Zigui basin is one of the most landslide-prone areas where thousands of landslides are distributed. Researches show that areas sharing the same conditions as identified landslides are clearly potential areas for future disasters. Performing the landslide susceptibility mapping is a heated issue in the area. Continued improvements in high-resolution satellite images, and the developments of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and site-investigation function well in constructing effective, high-quality landslide databases. GIS technology and machine learning algorithms have been widely applied in landslide susceptibility prediction. Whereas, whether the random and subjective selection of the landslides or non-landslides grid cells are reasonable in research of landslide susceptibility mapping is the existence problem. Based on the Two step cluster (TSC) algorithm and the Self-organizing mapping - Random forest (SOM-RF) model, a novel hybrid model is proposed to overcome the above drawbacks. SOM is used to produce a preliminary landslide susceptibility mapping. TSC algorithm is applied in telling apart the most reasonable True-Positive (TP) from recorded landslide grid cells in high-susceptibility zones and the False-Positive (FP) in low-susceptibility zones. Afterwards, the labeled datasets are imported into the RF model for training. And then the trained SOM-RF model is utilized to perform an improved landslide susceptibility mapping. Most areas with high or very high susceptibility are located within the hydro-fluctuation belt of the TGR. Compared with the susceptibility mapping produced by single RF model, the results of SOM-RF model demonstrate to have the superior prediction skill and higher reliability.

Optimal Power Allocation for Wireless Uplink Transmissions Using Successive Interference Cancellation

( Liaoyuan Wu ),( Yamei Wang ),( Jianghong Han ),( Wenqiang Chen ),( Lusheng Wang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.5

Successive interference cancellation (SIC) is considered to be a promising technique to mitigate multi-user interference and achieve concurrent uplink transmissions, but the optimal power allocation (PA) issue for SIC users is not well addressed. In this article, we focus on the optimization of the PA ratio of users on an SIC channel and analytically obtain the optimal PA ratio with regard to the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold for successful demodulation and the sustainable demodulation error rate. Then, we design an efficient resource allocation (RA) scheme using the obtained optimal PA ratio. Finally, we compare the proposal with the near-optimum RA obtained by a simulated annealing search and the RA scheme with random PA. Simulation results show that our proposal achieves a performance close to the near-optimum and much higher performance than the random scheme in terms of total utility and Jain`s fairness index. To demonstrate the applicability of our proposal, we also simulate the proposal in various network paradigms, including wireless local area network, body area network, and vehicular ad hoc network.

An Essential Role for 14-3-3 Proteins in Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Gampala, Srinivas S.,Kim, Tae-Wuk,He, Jun-Xian,Tang, Wenqiang,Deng, Zhiping,Bai, Mingyi-Yi,Guan, Shenheng,Lalonde, Sylvie,Sun, Ying,Gendron, Joshua M.,Chen, Huanjing,Shibagaki, Nakako,Ferl, Robert J. Elsevier 2007 DEVELOPMENTAL CELL Vol.13 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential hormones for plant growth and development. BRs regulate gene expression by inducing dephosphorylation of two key transcription factors, BZR1 and BZR2/BES1, through a signal transduction pathway that involves cell-surface receptors (BRI1 and BAK1) and a GSK3 kinase (BIN2). How BR-regulated phosphorylation controls the activities of BZR1/BZR2 is not fully understood. Here, we show that BIN2-catalyzed phosphorylation of BZR1/BZR2 not only inhibits DNA binding, but also promotes binding to the 14-3-3 proteins. Mutations of a BIN2-phosphorylation site in BZR1 abolish 14-3-3 binding and lead to increased nuclear localization of BZR1 protein and enhanced BR responses in transgenic plants. Further, BR deficiency increases cytoplasmic localization, and BR treatment induces rapid nuclear localization of BZR1/BZR2. Thus, 14-3-3 binding is required for efficient inhibition of phosphorylated BR transcription factors, largely through cytoplasmic retention. This study demonstrates that multiple mechanisms are required for BR regulation of gene expression and plant growth.</P>