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Determination of Natural Filler Orientation in Foamed PVC Composites by Ultrasound Measurements
Krisztina Roman,Tamas J. Szabo,Kalman Marossy 한국고분자학회 2021 폴리머 Vol.45 No.1
The foaming process of composites can be strongly influenced by the size, shape, and type of the applied reinforcing materials. In this paper, the structure of foamed polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs) filled with natural additives and 4,4"-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were examined by a newly applied ultrasonic technique. The modulus of the composite can be calculated by the longitudinal wave propagation time using this ultrasonic technique. Since the longitudinal waves of ultrasound are strongly influenced by the orientation of the reinforcing materials, the orientation of the composites can be also investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and bending tests were used to check the changes in modulus, which is comparable to the calculated ultrasonic modulus. Due to the differences in the measurement processes, the ultrasonic and the bending measurements gave opposite results. These opposite results clearly indicate the orientation of the natural filler.
Resilient Reduced-State Resource Reservation
Csaszar Andras,Takacs Attila,Szabo Robert,Henk Tamas The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 Journal of communications and networks Vol.7 No.4
Due to the strict requirements of emerging applications, per-flow admission control is gaining increasing importance. One way to implement per-flow admission control is using an onpath resource reservation protocol, where the admission decision is made hop-by-hop after a new flow request arrives at the network boundary. The next-steps in signaling (NSIS) working group of the Internet engineering task force (IETF) is standardising such an on-path signaling protocol. One of the reservation methods considered by NSIS is reduced-state mode, which, suiting the differentiated service (DiffServ) concept, only allows per-class states in interior nodes of a domain. Although there are clear benefits of not dealing with per-flow states in interior nodes-like scalability and low complexity-, without per-flow states the handling of re-routed flows, e.g., after a failure, is a demanding and highly non-trivial task. To be applied in carrier-grade networks, the protocol needs to be resilient in this situation. In this article, we will explain the consequences of a route failover to resource reservation protocols: Severe congestion and incorrect admission decisions due to outdated reservation states. We will set requirements that handling solutions need to fulfill, and we propose extensions to reduced-state protocols accordingly. We show with a set of simulated scenarios that with the given solutions reduced-state protocols can handle re-routed flows practically as fast and robust as stateful protocols.
Relationship between Physical Exercise Workload, Information Processing Speed, and Affect
( Maria Rendi ),( Attila Szabo ),( Tamas Szabo ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2007 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.19 No.1
Twenty healthy young women participated in thislaboratory research. They completed the Exercise Induced Inventory (EFI - Gauvin & Rejeski, 1993) before, immediately after, and 15-mins after a 20-minute progressive treadmill exercise during which they ran for 5-mins at 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of their maximal heart rate reserve (MHRR). Before, during every stage of exercise, and twice after exercise, the participants were asked to continuously identify a letter in a specific position in unexpected words - presented in 8 second intervals over a period of three minutes - while their information processing speed (IPS) was gauged. Results showed that IPS was shortest when participants ran at 80% of MHRR, suggesting that quick mental choices are made easier under heightened levels of arousal. No changes in affect (transient mood states) from pre- to post-exercise were seen. These findings appear to support the circumplex model of affect claiming that affective valence is invariant (unchanged) when distracting mental tasks are undertaken during exercise.