연구논문 : 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화의 다양한 비침습 혈청표지자검사의 비교

김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),손주현 ( Joo Hyun Sohn ),김태엽 ( Tae Yeob Kim ),노영욱 ( Young Wook Roh ),은창수 ( Chang Soo Eun ),전용철 ( Yong Cheol Jeon ),한동수 ( Dong Soo Han ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4

목적: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 병의 경과와 예후를 평가하고 치료반응을 예측함에 있어 간섬유화의 진단은 중요하다. 최근 간섬유화 평가에 표준방법이지만 침습적 간생검을 대신하여 여러 가지 비침습적 진단법이 이용되고 있고, 또한 새로운 검사법들이 개발되고 있다. 저자들은 만성 B형 및 C형간염 환자를 대상으로 임상에서 광범위하게 흔히 시행하는 혈액검사와 임상 소견을 이용한 아래와 같은 진단법들만으로 간섬유화를 얼마나 정확하게 평가할 수 있는지 알아보고, 단일 검사로 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 유용하다고 알려져 있는 hyaluronic acid(HA)와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 만성 바이러스간 질환으로 간생검을 시행받은 225명의 환자(HBV 180명, HCV 43명, HBV+HCV 2명)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 간생검을 시행하는 날에 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 혈청생화학검사를 시행하고, 혈중 HA, IV형 콜라겐 농도를 측정하였다. 간섬유화의 정도는 F0(섬유화가 없음), F1(문맥역 섬유화), F2(문맥주변부 섬유화), F3(섬유성 격막) 및 F4(간경변증)의 4단계로 구분하였다. 대상 환자를 F0-1, F2-4 혹은 F0-2, F3-4의 두 집단으로 분류하여 두 집단을 구분하고자 할 때 AAR(AST/ALT ratio), API(age-platelet index), APRI(AST to platelet index), CDS(cirrhosis discriminant score), platelet count, HA, IV형 콜라겐의 예측능을 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)값을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 섬유화의 단계는 F0 집단은 17명, F1 집단은 40명, F2 집단은 61명, F3 집단은 74명, F4 집단은 33명이었다. 의미 있는 간섬유화를 F2 이상으로 판단할 때, 의미 있는 섬유화의 예측에 대한 AUROC 값은 APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, API=0.756, HA=0.749, IV형 콜라겐=0.718, AAR=0.642 순이었고, F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화 예측에 대한 AUROC값은 CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, API=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, IV형 콜라겐=0.697, APRI=0.691 순으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 임상 소견 및 혈액검사를 이용한 방법들이 비침습적 진단법 중 단독 검사로도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있는 혈중 HA와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 우월하거나 대등하였다. 특히 APRI는 다른 인자들에 비해 F2 이상의 의미 있는 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였고, CDS는 F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였다. Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. Methods: We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. Results: There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (≥F3). Conclusions: Conclusions: All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:454-463)

페라이트 도금법으로 제작된 Ni_(x)Fe_(3-x)O₄박막의 자외선차단 효과에 대한 연구

하태욱,이용희,최종정,차정원 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

Nickel-ferrite Ni_(x)Fe_(3-x)O₄ thin film was fabricated by ferrite plating method in order to make sunglass which intercept ultraviolet ray and electromagnetic field. The transmittance of nickel-ferrite Ni_(x)Fe_(3-x)O₄ thin film is down clearly below 400㎚. And it shows that the nickel-ferrite thin film of x=0.09 in nickel composition rate was intercepted ultraviolet ray. We expect that sunglass coated with Ni_(x)Fe_(3-x)O₄ thin film will use for interception of ultraviolet ray and electromagnetic field.

韓藥材의 抗菌效果에 關한 硏究

河智容,金泰熙 대한동의병리학회 1996 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.10 No.1

최근의 항생물질의 개발은 항진균제를 비롯하여, 항바이러스제, 항종양제 등이 주축이 되어 있으며, 최근에 광범위 항생제의 개발과 내성균주의 출현으로 인한 내성균주에 유효한 항생물질 및 β-Lactamase 등에 안전한 항생물질의 개발에 역점을 두고 있다. 한약재를 이용한 항생물질의 검색은 최근에 이루어지고 있는데, 한약재의 경우 수천년부터 사용되어 왔으므로 검색을 할 경우 독성으로 실패할 경우가 적을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 한약재를 이용하여 항균력이 있는 물질을 찾기위한 전단계로서 항균력이 추측되는 한약재의 검색에 있다. 문헌고찰을 통하여 항균력이 추측되는 한약재를 선별한 후 alchole과 증류수를 통하여 건조엑기스를 추출한 후 일정농도로 희석하여 분양받은 Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus등을 대상으로 항균력을 측정하였다. 항균력의 측정은 slant에 배양된 각각의 균주 100㎕를 취하여 10㎖의 broth에 접종 후 37℃에서 24시간 동안 배양하여 활성화시킨 후 활성화된 배양액 0.1㎖를, 상온에서 하루밤 건조시킨 두께 4∼5㎜인 plate에 주입하였다. 그 후 구부린 유리막대로 균일하게 펼치고, 멸균된 paper disk(8㎜, Whatman NO.2)에 각 추출물을 30㎕씩 흡수시켰다. 그 후 plate 표면위에 disk를 놓아 37。C에서 36시간 동안 배양하면서 disk주위의 생육저지대의 직경(㎜)을 측정하였다. 한약재의 항생작용을 알아보기 위하여 5종의 세균에 대하여 9종의 약물을 처리한 결과, Staphylococcus aureus에 대해서는 수용액 추출물 중 오배자, 포공영, 금은화등이 저지능을 보였다. 유기용매 추출물중에 오배자, 금은화, 포공영이 저지능을 나타내었다. Esherchia coli에 대해서는 수용액 추출물 중 오배자, 포공영 금은화도 약간의 저지능을 보였다. 유기용매 추출물의 경우는 오배자, 금은화, 포공영이 저지능을 보였다. Streptoccus mutans에 대해서는 수용액 추출물의 경우 오배자, 포공영 금은화, 사상자등이 저지능을 보였고, 유기용매 추출물의 경우 오배자, 포공영, 금은화, 사상자등이 저지능을 보였다. Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus에 대해서는 수용액 추출물의 경우 오배자, 포공영, 금은화등이 저지능을 보였고, 유기용매 추출의 경우 오배자, 포공영, 금은화 등이 저지능을 보였다. Certain parts of 9 kinds of Oriental herb were extracted by ethanol and water. These extracts were tested their microbial inhibition against several microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus. Escherchia coli, streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. This screening were executed by disk diffusion method. In Staphylococcus aureus, water extract of Chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba and Lonicerae, ethanol extract of Chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba showed inbition effect. In Escherchia coli, water extract of Chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba and Lonicerae, ethanol extract of Chanensis Galla, Taraxici Herba Lonicerae Flos showed inbition effect. In Streptococcus mutans, water extract of chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba Lonicerae Flos and Cnidii Fructus, ethanol extract of Chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba Lonicerae Flos and Cnidii Fructus showed inbition effect. In Streptooccus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, water extract of Chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba and Lonicerae Flos, ethanol extract of Chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba and Lonicerae Flos showed inbition effect. In Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus water extract of Chinensis Galla, Taraxici Herba, Lonicerae Flos and Cnidii Fructus, ethanol extract of Chinensis Galla, taraxici Herba and Cnidii Fructus showed inbition effect.

보중익기탕합인진사령산이 CCl₄中毒 흰쥐의 肝損傷에 미치는 影響

河智容,白泰鉉,張梗植 대한동의병리학회 1997 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.11 No.1

간병변은 현대인들의 스트레스, 과로, 음주, 고지방식의 과다 섭취 등의 각종 원인에 의하여 점차 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 최근 이에 따라 간기능을 보조하는 드링크류나 약재가 개발되어 시판되고 있으나, 아직까지 뚜렷한 효능을 가진 약재가 없는 현실이다. 간질환이 발병시 피로, 노권, 식용부진, 황달, 복수, 발열, 심와부통(心窩部痛), 구토, 소변황적 등의 증상을 호소하는데 이를 변증하여 보면 허중협실(虛中狹實) 즉 허증인 중기부족증(中氣不足症)과 실증인 비위습열증(碑胃濕熱症)이 혼재되어 있음을 알수 있다. 이에 본 저자는 부정거사(扶正祛邪)가 간질환 치료에 효과적일 것으로 보고 보중익기탕(補中益氣湯)과 인진사령산(茵蔯四笭散)을 합방하여 CCI₄로 간손상을 유발한 백서(白鼠)의 투여하여 간기능회복여부를 연구하고자 하였다. 군을 정상군, CCI₄처리군, CCI₄처리후약재투여 A군(10㎎/㎏), CCI₄처리후약재투여 B군(20㎎/㎏)으로 나누어 일정기간 약재를 투여한후 채혈하여 AST, ALT, Bilirubin, ALP, γ-GT, LDH, Albumin, total cholesterol, α-Fetoprotein의 함량을 측정하였다. AST, γ-GT, α-Fetoprotein의 경우는 A, B군에서 대조군에 비하여 감소하였으나 A군에서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았고, ALT의 경우는 A, B군 모두에서 유의성있는 감소를 보였으며, Bilirubin의 경우 A, B군 모두 대조군에 비하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, ALP의 경우 A군에서는 감소하였으나 B군의 경우 오히려 증가하는 경향을 보였다. LDH의 경우 A, B군 모두 감소하였으나 유의성은 나타나지 않았으며 Albumin의 경우 A, B 모두 증가하는 경향은 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. total cholesterol의 경우 A, B군 모두 유의성있는 증가를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 경우 보중익기탕합인진사령산(補中益氣湯合茵蔯四笭散)은 간손상 회복에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여지며 회복기전에 관련된 연구는 더욱 진행되어야 할것으로 보여진다. This paper is to investigate what effects Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group(10㎎/㎏ treated group) and Bojungikkitang-hapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group(20㎎/㎏ treated group) have on ratliver injured by Ccl₄, So this experimental research is focused on measuring about AST, ALT, bilirubin, ALP,γ-GT, LDH, albumin, TP, and α-Fetoprotein. The results are summarized as follow; 1. As to AST(GOT), Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group was slightly decreased with no effectiveness, but Bojungikkitan-ghapin-jinsaryungsan-treated B-group was decreased with effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 2. As to ALT(GPT) Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group and Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group were decreased with effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 3. As to bilirubin, Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group were increased, as compared with the control group. 4. As to ALP, Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group was slightly decreased with no effectiveness, but Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group was slightly increased. 5. As to γ-GT, Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group was slightly decreased with no effectiveness, but Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group was decreased with effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 6. As to LDH, Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group and Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group were slightly decreased with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 7. As to albumin, Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group and Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group were slightly increased with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 8. As to TP, Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group and Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group were increased with effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 9. As to α-Fetoprotein, Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated A-group was slightly decreased with no effectiveness, but Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan-treated B-group was decreased with effectiveness, as compared with the control group. According to the above result, it could be suggested that Bojungikkitanghapinjinsaryungsan have prominent improvement on the liver disease.

디지털 생산성 향상을 위한 신경망 사용자 인증 모형 연구

하태용,신용백 한국생산성학회 2004 生産性論集 Vol.18 No.3

Web security middle ware system has two functions, which are user authentication and security access control. User authentication is to verify a valid user. User authentication is commonly based on the method of password. The losing, opening, and hacking password causes a critical security problem. This research is focused on developing a neural network approach for user authentication using keystroke. Two-phase approach for user authentication and verification is designed. This first-phase is based on pattern analysis of keystroke of user ID and password. The second-phase also employs patterns analysis on keystroke of randomly generated characters complementarily. Keystroke includes the information on duration of pressing a character and delay interval time between pressing a character and next character. The proposed approach basically relied on the individual keystroke pattern. Conventional back-propagation learning algorithm is adopted with multi-modal sigmoid function. Various experimental analysis are performed to verify the presented method. Seven characters are used as keystroke pattern data. Classical minimum distance classifier and single perceptron are compared to back-propagation. Back-propagation algorithm has superior performance among the three approaches having 0.02441 FRR and 0.0288% FAR, which are close to other recognition rate. After user authentication is performed, Access control is designed for controlling not permitted or not allowed access. The presented neural network based user authentication is applied for Web security middle ware system.

인체 혈장에서 염산시프로플록사신(시프로플록사신으로서 250㎎) 정량을 위한 HPLC 분석법의 유효성검토

하용화,조성희,천성국,서성훈,류재환,최영욱,이경태 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.4

A simple HPLC method with ultraviolet detection of ciprofloxacin in human plasma was developed and validated. After protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, chromatographic separation of ciprofloxacin in plasma was achieved at 50℃ with a C_18 column and methanol-phosphate mixture (pH 2.5), as mobile phase. Quantitative determination was performed by ultraviolet detection at 278 nm. The method was specific and validated with a limit of quantification of 100 ng/ml. The infra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were between 1.67% and 10.55% and accuracy between 92.01% and 106.09%. The method has been successfully applied in a bioavailability study of 250 ㎎ ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet.

디지털 생산성 향상을 위한 웹 보안 미들웨어시스템 구현에 관한 연구

하태용,이강원,신용백 한국생산성학회 2003 生産性論集 Vol.17 No.1

The puropose of this paper is the materialization of web security middle wear system for the improvement of digital productivity in e-business. Tnternet changed e-business information epochally and contributed in digital productivity enlargement through easy access of resources. But, Internet have a weakness security, because it is offered through many unspecific access. For this reason, the web security problem solution play important role in the digital productivity elevation in e-business environment. The role of security system is prevent resources of system from user who is not permitted. In a recent, there is a case that use strong interception system such as a security firewall for the security, but there is a fair difficulty at introduction expense and operation. Specially, A wrong policy decision have influence on all network and it could be a major cause for reduction network. This study proposes security solution though the research about middle wear embodiment such as user certification and access control from the view point of individuation web system defense.

초음파 센서 배열을 이용한 컨베이어 벨트상의 이동물체의 위치 검출

하창우,도용태 대구대학교 2006 대구대학교 학술논문집 Vol.1 No.2

In this paper, we design an ultrasonic sensor array for measuring the position of a moving object on a belt conveyor. Nine 50kHz ultrasonic sensor modules are arrayed to detect the shape of an object moving on a belt and to measure its center position. Three ultrasonic sensors that can operate simultaneously without intereference are grouped into a team and three teams are made in total considering the performance of control circuits. After completing sequential measurements of the three teams of sensors, the timing gaps between measurements are calibrated so that they can be regarded as if they all are measured at the same time. In experiments for measuring the center position of a box-shaped object, the measurement ranges of sensors are divided into sub-regions and redundantly employed sensors are fused by various methods. Using the maximum of redundant measurements showed the best result. When an artificial neural network was used, the mean squared error of 7.94mm was obtained and it was better than that by using the maximum of redundant measurements by more than 10%. 본 논문에서는 컨베이어 벨트에 의해 움직이는 물체의 위치를 검출하기 위한 초음파 센서 배열을 설계한다. 9개의 50kHz 초음파 센서 모듈을 배열로 구성하여 컨베이어 벨트 위의 물체 형태를 검출하고 중심 위치를 계측하였다. 초음파 센서들이 서로 간섭을 받지 않게 하면서, 제어회로의 성능을 고려하여 센서들 중 3개씩 3조로 나누고, 각 조내 센서들은 동시 측정되도록 하였다. 3조의 센서들이 순차적으로 측정을 마친 후, 9개의 초음파 센서가 동시에 측정한 것과 같은 계측치를 얻을 수 있도록 센서 계측치 간의 간격을 보정하였다. 사각 상자형의 물체 중심을 계측하는 실험에서, 센서들의 계측영역을 분할하고 각 영역별로 중첩된 계측치를 다양한 방법으로 융합하였을 때, 최대치를 이용하는 방법이 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 인공신경망을 적용하였을 때는 약 7.94mm의 제곱평균오차를 얻을 수 있었는데, 이는 영역별 최대치를 이용하는 방법보다 10% 이상 정확도가 좋아진 것이다.

저작물의 인용평가 시스템 구현에 관한 연구

하태용,신용백 한국생산성학회 2001 生産性論集 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze and implementation of the extract evaluation system about literary works. Recently, many literary works is copied by illegal, but there is no measure unit about it. The degree of extraction is evaluated by its key word in some of literary works, but it is impossible to measure its degree of extraction exactly. This study implemented evaluation system to measure the extract status of literary work using by how to block binary file and its algorithm. Follow the next step. Step 1: Select two files (source file, target file) Step 2: Block files with specified size. Step 3: Search source block in target file. Step 4: Calculate the rate of extract Step 5: Group the similar literary works. Step 6: Report The results are expected to provide the information of extract degree in literary works. However, this study has several limitations. First, it takes long time to compare files. Second, this study has many meaningless blocks in files. Therefore, hereafter, literary works must be clustered with a kind of its and we will need searching for meaningless blocks.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.