http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Yoon‑Jin Lee,Kwan‑Sik Park,Byoung Joon Baek,Kyong‑Ae Lee,Sang‑Han Lee 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1
Backgrounds Arctigenin derived from the seeds of Arctium lappa Linnaeus is known as an anticancer drug candidate by targeting various pathways involved in anticancer therapy. Methods Using 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid culture systems in nasal septum carcinoma RPMI-2650 cells, the effects of arctigenin and dexamethasone on cell viability, ROS levels, ATP level, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and necroptosis were examined. Results The combination treatment of both compounds induced strong cytotoxicity, accompanied by increases of sub-G0/ G1 peak, annexin V-PE-positive cells, and ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and decrease of cellular ATP content. These changes were observed as simultaneous induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and necroptosis. A series of changes by arctigenin and dexamethasone were efficiently restored by decreasing ROS levels or supplementing ATP. Treatment of 3D spheroids with arctigenin and dexamethasone decreased cell viability in the spheroids, but it was slightly resistant than cells under 2D conditions. In addition, this phenomenon was accompanied by an increase in mediators for both apoptosis and necroptosis. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the apoptosis and necroptosis-inducing effects of arctigenin are associated with ATP depletion due to oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction.
Symptoms of North Korea`s Economic System: Now is the Time to Open up Economically
( Youn Sik Choi ),( Hyung Rok Jung ),( Sung Man Yoon ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.1
Since suffering economic difficulties, particularly from the 1990s onwards, North Korea, even implicitly, has taken several actions based on the nature of its limited market economy system. North Korean scholars seem to have attempted to practice economic reform and a more open-door policy by learning the capitalistic mark eteconomy system. This paper investigates the current state of trends of North Korean studies associated with economics and management. It is found that even though directly praising and idolizing "Kim Il Sung" and/or "Kim Jong Il" are consistently accomplished, studies on new and subtle issues such as an open-door policy, the global (international) monetary system, compensation, wage (salaries),and self-financing (financing a giupso, in itself, without external financing such as borrowing or issuing shares) drastically increased in the 2000s, especially before and after the announcement of the ``7.1 Economic Management Improvement Measures`` implemented in July 2002. This paper`s findings suggest that North Korea has tried to learn capitalistic market economy system before it takes any steps regarding economic reform. This paper also identifies the political implications in drawing up initiatives in preparation for the era of unification of the two Koreas.
( Sang-yeop Lee ),( Won-seok Yang ),( Se-won Park ),( Gun-ho Han ),( Yong-chil Seo ),( Woo-hyen Kim ),( Young-sik Yoon ),( Won-sik Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1
Solid refuse fuel (SRF) manufacturing facilities, residues are buried at a rate of 30~45% of incoming amount or some are disposed of by incineration facilities. It is known that landfill can increase the pollution load and it takes about 20% of total facility operation cost due to landfill disposal cost. In the study residue waste from SRF manufacturing plant was attempted to combust, the bottom ash generated from incineration tests was utilized aggregates to fabricate bricks to assess the applicability. The variation in bottom ash properties influences the characteristics of bricks and also it could be hazardous for environment. So, before making bricks from generated bottom ash, basic characteristic of bottom ash such as ignition loss and heavy metal leaching test must be analyzed. These bricks were manufactured by substitution of stone powder and sand. These can be used as an interlocking block for the sidewalk and open space. Finally we analyzed the basic characteristics of the bottom ash and analyzed the water absorption, bending strength, compressive strength, and dimensions of the mixed bricks. Following these results, as comparing with standard interlocking block, recycling brick satisfied with the less than 10% abosrption rate and more than 5Mpa flexural strenghth. we could assess the applicability of these bricks manufactured.
( Yoon Ho Jang ),( Yun Sik Kim ),( Sung Wook Chun ),( Ye Ju Lee ),( Jong Ha Park ),( Eun Shil Kim ),( Sang Keun Shin ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1
Purpose: This research aimed to explore the effects of a 16-week Otago exercise program as an exercise intervention on functional fitness and Fullerton Advanced Balance scale in elderly women. Method: This research was conducted at N community elderly welfare center in B Metropolitan city, South Korea. A total of 29 subjects were recruited for this research. 14 were assigned to Otago exercise group and 15 were assigned to control group randomly. a 60 minute Otago exercise was applied to them as the intervention 3 times a week for 16 weeks. The Senior fitness test was performed to evaluate upper body and lower body strength, flexibility, dynamic balance & agility, and endurance. Fullerton Advanced Balance scale test was performed to measure static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, coordination ability, and position control ability. Mean and standard deviation were calculated to analyze the research data by using SPSS Version 21.0. Two-way repeated ANOVA was conducted to verify the differences between time and groups, and interaction between time and groups. Statistical significance was set at p<.05. Result: This research showed that there was a statistically significant increase between groups in flexibility for Otago exercise group. Significant interactions between pre-post measurement and groups appeared in upper body and lower body strength, agility and dynamic balance, cardiovascular fitness for Otago exercise group. Significant increase between pre-post measurement among FAB scale items appeared in walk with feet in tandem walk, stand on one leg eyes opened, restore balance after backward disturbance and total score for Otago exercise group. It also showed that Significant interaction was in walk with feet in tandem walk, stand on one leg eyes opened, walking while turning head, restore balance after backward disturbance, and total score for Otago exercise group. Conclusion: Otago exercise program confirmed the effectiveness on functional fitness and Fullerton Balance Advanced scale though it was a kind of low intensity exercise(25%HRR). This program can be used as an effective exercise intervention to enhance balance ability, prevent falls and maintain Quality of life for elderly women living in a community.
Sung Ku Kwon,김병환,박종문,김보우,Seong Wook Yoo,Kun Sik Park,Yoon Kyu Bae,Kwang Ho Kwon 한국전자통신연구원 2002 ETRI Journal Vol.24 No.3
This study characterizes an oxide etching process in a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etching (MERIE) reactor with a CHF3/CF4 gas chemistry. We use a statistical 24-1 experimental design plus one center point to characterize the relationships between the process factors and etch responses. The factors that we varied in the design include RF power, pressure, and gas composition, and the modeled etch responses were the etch rate, etch selectivity to TiN, and uniformity. The developed models produced 3D response plots. Etching of SiO2 mainly depends on F density and ion bombardment. SiO2 etch selectivity to TiN sensitively depends on the F density in the plasma and the effects of ion bombardment. The process conditions for a high etch selectivity are a 0.3 to 0.5 CF4 flow ratio and a –600 V to –650 V DC bias voltage according to the process pressure in our experiment. Etching uniformity was improved with an increas e in the CF4 flow ratio in the gas mixture, an increase in the source power, and a higher pressure. Our characterization of via etching in a CHF3/CF4 MERIE using neural networks was successful, economical, and effective. The results provide highly valuable information about etching mechanisms and optimum etching conditions.
Dynamic Power Supply Current Testing for Open Defects in CMOS SRAMs
Yoon, Doe-Hyun,Kim, Hong-Sik,Kang, Sung-Ho Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2001 ETRI Journal Vol.23 No.2
The detection of open defects in CMOS SRAM has been a time consuming process. This paper proposes a new dynamic power supply current testing method to detect open defects in CMOS SRAM cells. By monitoring a dynamic current pulse during a transition write operation or a read operation, open defects can be detected. In order to measure the dynamic power supply current pulse, a current monitoring circuit with low hardware overhead is developed. Using the sensor, the new testing method does not require any additional test sequence. The results show that the new test method is very efficient compared with other testing methods. Therefore, the new testing method is very attractive.