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- 저자 : ( Sung Kun Yim ) (검색결과 53 건)
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Lithium 및 數種 睡眼劑가 家兎 血中酒精濃度에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究
金稔,愼鏞建,李起蘇,白尙昌 大韓神經精神醫學會 1972 신경정신의학 Vol.11 No.4
Lithium has been lately used in the manic-depressive psychosis and other psychotic excitements. Barbiturates have long been widely used as the hypnotics. Non-barbiturate hypnotics such as nitra-zepam and glutethimide has also been used in increasing frequency. It has been lately reported that lithium elevated significantly blood alcohol level in rabbits and that lithium prolonged significantly drug-induced sleep time. In view of these findings, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effects of some barbiturate and non-barbiturate hypnotics, or in combination with lithium, on blood alcohol level in rabbits. Material and Method 1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing from 2.0kg to 3.0kg. 2. The experimental animals were devided into two groups; control and exprimental group. 3. Control group had two subgroups; alcohol alone group and alcohol+lithium group. And experimental group was devided as follows; alcohol+barbiturates group, alcohol+non-barbiturates group, alcohol+lithium+barbiturates group, alcohol+lithium+non-barbiturates group. (In this study, thiopental sodium, pentothal sodium and amobarbital sodium are barbiturates used, and nitrazepam and glutethimide are non-barbiturates used.) 4. To the experimental animals, hypnotics were administered into marginal ear vein by intravenous injection, or into gluteal muscle by intramuscular injection, or orally in capsules. 5. In alcohol+bariturates group: One among thiopental, pentothal and amobarbital sodium was given intravenously 20mg/kg of body weight, intravenously or intramuscularly at 10minutes before and just before alcohol administration. In alcohol+non-barbiturates group: It was given orally either 1mg of nitrazepam/kg or 50mg of glutethimide/kg of body weight at 30minutes before alcohol administration. 6. Lithium chloride solution, 6.3%, was given in a dose of 3.0mEg/kg of body weight daily for 4 days by intravenous route. The last dose was given 1 hour before alcohol administration. 7. In all groups, 20 vol.% ethanol solution was given intravenously in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weight in 5 minutes. 8. Blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 9. Blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method. Results 1. Alcohol+barbituates group: a) In alcochol+thiopental sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (p<0.05 or less). b) In alcohol+pentothal sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group except those in both 30 minutes after alcohol administration by intravenous route just before or at 10 minutes before alcohol administration (p<0.05 or less). c) In alcchol+amobarbital sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P<0.05 or less). 2. Alcohol+non-barbiturates group: In either nitrazepam or glutethimide subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these subgroups showed statistically no significant change, comparing with these in alone group (P>0.05). 3. Alcohol+lithium group: Blood alcohol levels in this group were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P<0.05 or less). 4. Alcohol+lithium+barbiturates combined group: a) In thiopental sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group, and showed also statistically significant change comparing whith those in thiopental sodium alone subgroup(P<0.05 or less). b) In pentothal sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantlly higher than those in lithium alone group except the group in which pentothal sodium was given 30 minutes before alcohol administration intramuscularly, and showed also statistically significant change comparing with those in alcohol+pentothal sodium subgroup except the subgroup in which pentothal was given either intravenously at 10 minutes before alchol administration, or pentothal sodium was given by intramuscularly just before alcohol administration (Both 30 minutes value: P<0.05 or less). c) In amobarbital sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group except the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route 30 minutes before alcohol administration (10 minutes value), and showed also statistically significant change comparing with those in amobarbital sodium alone group except that the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route at 30 minutes before alcohol administration (30 minutes value; P<0.05 or less). 5. Alcohol+lithium+non-barbiturates group: In either nitrazepam with lithium combined subgroup or glutethimide with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these subgroups showed no statistically significant change, comparing with those in lithium alone group (P<0.05), but the alcohol levels were all significantly higher than those in nitrazepam or glutethimide alone subgroup respectively except 10 minutes value of glutethimide alone subgroup (P<0.05 or less). Conclusions 1. The intravenous injection of lithium chloride in a dose of 3.0mEq/kg/day for 4 days elevated significantly blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 2. Thiopental sodium, pentotal sodium and amobarbital sodium in barbiturate hypnotics elevated significantly in general on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 3. Nitrazepam or glutethimide (non-barbiturate hypnotics) did not elevate statistically significant on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 4. Thiopental sodium, penthal sodium and amobarbital sodium (barbiturate hypnotics) when given to lithium treated rabbits elevated significantly in general on blood alcohol level respectively at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration, comparing with lithium alone group, or thiopental sodium, pentothal sodium and amobarbital sodium subgroups. It seems that there exists synergic or potentiating effect in these cases. 5. Nitrazepam or glutethimide with lithium did not elevate blood alcohol level at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration comparing with that lithium alone group. but generally showed significant elevation of blood alcohol level then comparing with that nitrazepam or glutethimide alone subgroup. It is suggestive of the fact that lithium alone effect the blood alcohol level in these cases.
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Sung-Kun Yim,Dae-Won Ki,두홍수,Hyuk Kim,권태호 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.6
The biochemical properties of Spirulina platensis in an internally illuminated photobioreactor (IlPBR) were investigated under different light-emitted diode (LED) wavelengths; blue (λmax= 450 and 460 nm), green (λmax= 525 nm), red (λmax = 630 and 660 nm), and white (6,500K), with various light intensities (200, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 μmol/m2/sec) were examined. The highest specific growth rate, maximum biomass, and phycocyanin productivity occurred under the red LEDs (0.39/day, 0.10 g/L/day, and 0.14 g/g-cell/day, respectively) at 1,000 μmol/m2/sec; the lowest growth rate was obtained under blue LEDs. Indeed, the size of trichomes was changed into short form under blue LEDs at all light intensities or all LEDs at 2,000 μmol/m2/sec for the first 2 days after inoculation, and S. platensis did not grow in the IlPBR under the dark condition. These results provide a base for different approaches for designing the pilot scale photobioreactor and developing cost-effective light sources.
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Yim, Sung-Kun,Yun, Su-Jung,Yun, Chul-Ho Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2004 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.37 No.5
NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) transfers electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450, and catalyzes the one-electron reduction of many drugs and foreign compounds. Various forms of spectrophotometric titration have been performed to investigate the electron-accepting properties of CPR, particularly, to examine its ability to reduce cytochrome c and ferricyanide. In this study, the reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by CPR was assessed as a means of monitoring CPR activity. The principle advantage of DPPH is that its reduction can be assayed directly in the reaction medium by a continuous spectrophotometry. Thus, electrons released from NADPH by CPR were transferred to DPPH, and DPPH reduction was then followed spectrophotometrically by measuring $A_{520}$ reduction. Optimal assay concentrations of DPPH, CPR, potassium phosphate buffer, and NADPH were first established. DPPH reduction activity was found to depend upon the strength of the buffer used, which was optimal at 100 mM potassium phosphate and pH 7.6. The extinction coefficient of DPPH was $4.09\;mM^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$. DPPH reduction followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics ($K_m\;=\;28\;{\mu}M$, $K_{cat}\;=\;1690\;min^{-1}$). This method uses readily available materials, and has the additional advantages of being rapid and inexpensive.
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Yim Sung-Kun,Ahn Taeho,Jung Heung-Chae,Pan Jae-Gu,Yun Chul-Ho The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.4
Human cytochromes P450 (GYP) 2A6 and 2E1 are of great interest because of their important roles in the oxidation of numerous drugs and carcinogens. Bacterial expression systems, especially Escherichia coli cells, have been widely used for the production of various GYP enzymes in order to obtain high yield of proteins. The expression methods usually employ longer culture time (30-72 h) at lower temperature (usually under $30^{\circ}C$). Expression levels of GYPs 2A6 and 2E1 at $37^{\circ}C$ were compared to those at $28^{\circ}C$, which is a usual temperature used in most bacterial expression systems for human GYP expression. Within 18 h the expression levels of GYPs 2A6 and 2E1 reached up to 360 and 560 nmol per liter culture at $37^{\circ}C$, respectively, which are compatible with those of 36 h culture at $28^{\circ}C$. The activities of GYPs expressed at $37^{\circ}C$ were also comparable to those expressed at $28^{\circ}C$. The present over-expression system can be useful for rapid production of large amounts of active human GYPs 2A6 and 2E1 in E. coli.
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Yim, Sung-Kun,Yun, Chul-Ho,Ahn, Tae-Ho,Jung, Heung-Chae,Pan, Jae-Gu Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.3
NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) transfers electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 and also catalyzes the one-electron reduction of many drugs and foreign compounds. Various spectrophotometric assays have been performed to examine electron-accepting properties of CPR and its ability to reduce cytochrome $b_5$, cytochrome c, and ferricyanide. In this report, reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) by CPR has been assessed as a method for monitoring CPR activity. The principle advantage of this substance is that the reduction of MTT can be assayed directly in the reaction medium by a continuous spectrophotometric method. The electrons released from NADPH by CPR were transferred to MTT. MTT reduction activity was then assessed spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase of $A_{610}$. MTT reduction followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics ($K_m\;=\;20\;{\mu}M$, $k_{cat}\;=\;1,910\;min^{-1}$). This method offers the advantages of a commercially available substrate and short analysis time by a simple measurement of enzymatic activity of CPR.
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