Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

어린이의 사시교정술시 인공호흡수와 심박수와의 상관관계

강종만,김종성,김희수,염명걸 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Correlation between Respiratory Rates and the Degree of Bradycardia in Strabismus Surgery in Children Jong-Man Kang, M.D., Hee-Soo Kim, M.D., Chong0Sung Kim, M.D. and Myung-Kul Yum, M.D.^* Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, and ^*Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Background: Strabismus surgery is frequent in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. Traction on the extra-ocular muscles can trigger an oculocardiac rdflex. We investigated the correlation between respiratoy rates and the degree of bradycardia to find another management for preventing oculocardiac reflex. Methods: NO premedications were administered. They were induced with thiopental and vecuronium and maintained with O_@-enflurane-N_2O. The tidal volume was 10 ml/kg. Respiratory rate of group 1 (n = 18) was fixed at 24 bpm, group 2 (n = 18) at 20 bpm, and group 3 (n = 19) at 16 bpm. We measured the mean heart rate from intubation to the beginning of surgery and defined this as the basal heart rate. We defined the lowest heart rate after traction of the extraocular muscles as the minimal heart rate. We calculated the correlation coefficient between the respiratory rate and basal heart rate, minimal heart rate, the change of heart rates and E_tCO_2. Results: There was a positive correlation between the respiratory rate and the basal heart rate, and minimal heart rate. There was no correlation between the respiratory rate and the change of heart rate. There was no difference in E_tCo_2 among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Can be increased both basal heart rate in anesthetized patients and minimal heart rate induced by oculocardiac reflex by making the respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant difference of E_tCO_2. The oculocardiac reflex may be reduced by making respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant influence on minute ventilation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 450~454)

성인 쇄골 간부 골절에서 두 가지 수술적 치료군 간의 결과 비교: 금속판을 이용한 관혈적 정복 및 내고정술과 Steinmann Pin을 이용한 경피적 겸자 정복 및 골수강내 고정술의 결과 비교

허성식 ( Sung Sik Ha ),심재천 ( Jae Chun Sim ),홍기도 ( Ki Do Hong ),김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ),강정호 ( Jung Ho Kang ),박광희 ( Kwang Hee Park ) 대한골절학회 2007 대한골절학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적: 성인 쇄골 간부 골절에서 금속판을 이용한 관혈적 정복 및 내고정술과 Steinmann pin을 이용한 경피적 겸자 정복 및 골수강내 고정술의 결과를 분석하여 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2006년 1월까지 본원에서 치료한 총 68예의 쇄골 간부 골절을 대상으로 하였으며, 금속판을 이용한 33예, Steinmann pin을 이용한 35예의 치료 결과를 분석하였다. 최종 결과 판정은 강 등의 기준에 의한 임상적 결과와 방사선학적 골유합 기간으로 하였고, 수술 시간을 비교하였다. 결과: 임상적 결과는 우수 이상의 예가 금속판을 이용한 군의 경우 총 33예 중 29예로 88%, Steinmann pin을 이용한 군의 경우 총 35예 중 32예로 91%의 결과를 보였다. 방사선학적 골유합 시기는 각각 평균 8.9주와 9.1주였고, 수술 시간은 금속판 군에서 평균 72분, Steinmann pin 군에서 평균 18분이었다. 결론: 성인 쇄골 간부 골절의 치료에 있어 금속판을 이용한 수술 군과 Steinmann pin을 이용한 수술 군은 임상적, 방사선학적 결과 면에서 통계학적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, Steinmann pin을 이용한 수술 군에서 수술 시간 및 회복기간의 감소로 인하여 경제적인 면과 수술반흔의 감소에 따른 미용적인 면에서 더 만족스런 결과를 보였다. Purpose: To evaluate the results between open reduction and internal fixation with the plate and percutaneous reduction by towel clip and intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pin for clavicle shaft fractures in adult. Materials and Methods: We have studied the results in 33 cases with the plate. 35 cases with the Steinmann pin among total 68 cases of clavicle shaft fracture. The patients were followed up over a period of at least 12 months. The final postoperative outcome was analyzed with the clinical outcomes using Kang`s criteria. radiological union time and operation time. Results: The clinical outcome that was good or excellent according to the Kang`s criteria showed a distribution of 88% in the group using the plate with 29 cases out of total 33 cases. 91% in the group using the Steinmann pin with 32 cases out of total 35 cases. The mean radiological union time was 8.9 weeks in the group using the plate. 9.1 weeks in the group using Steinmann pin. The mean operation time was 72 minutes in the group using the plate, whereas was 18 minutes in the group using Steinmann pin. Conclusion: In the treatment of adult clavicle shaft fracture. two groups did not show a significant statistical difference in clinical and radiological outcomes. However, the operation time and postoperative functional recovery was significantly shorter and faster in the group using Steinmann pin. Additionally economic and cosmetic aspect was more satisfactory in the group using Steinmann pin.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

Bacillus sp. KCM-101에 의한 내열성 α-amylase의 생산 및 효소학적 성질

강상모,최유정,황윤영,이동희,권태종 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2000 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.25 No.-

A strain isolated from soil was able to produce thermostable α-amylase. The strain (KC-101) was identification as Bacillus sp. Bacillus sp. KC-101 was treated NTG(N-methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine). The mutant KCM-101 increased α-amylase activity and decreased pretease activity. The condition for production, purification, and properties of α-amylase were investigated. α-Amylase production was maximized when was grown on soluble starch 2.0%, yeast extract 0.5%, K2HPO4 0.1% and MnCl2 0.02% for 24hrs at 37℃, and initial pH 7.0. The enzyme production was also increased by the addition of 0.01% Triton X-100. The enzyme was purified by ultrafiltration(MW 10,000), 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography and it's yield 15.0%, The characteristics of purified α-amylase were as follow : MW 55,000, optimal pH and temperature were 7.0 and 95℃, respectively. The enzyme was activated by Ca++ and Mn++ ion but inhibited Co++, Cu++, Hg++, and Pb++ ion. The enzyme was stable at 95℃ and it's thermostability was greatly increased by the addition of Ca++. In kinetic studies, the Km value of α-amylase for soluble starch was 0.93mg/mL.

點鳳山一帶 天然闊葉樹林의 地形的 位置에 따른 群集 構造的 屬性 分析(Ⅰ) : 樹種構性, 種多樣性, 生活型을 中心으로

姜聲基,金知洪,金光澤,梁熙文 강원대학교 삼림과학연구소 2000 Journal of Forest Science Vol.16 No.-

이 연구는 점봉산 일대 천연활엽수림을 대상으로 산림의 지형적 위치에 따라 군집의 구조적 속성이 달라진다는 가정하에 대상산림을 계곡, 산복, 능선으로 구분하고 각 군집별 수종구성, 종다양성, 생활형 분석을 통해 산림 생태계의 군집 속성을 파악하여 산림경영의 생태적 접근 방안을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시 되었다. 연구 결과, 계곡지역 상층의 수종구성은 신갈나무, 전나무, 들메나무 순으로 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 산복지역에서는 피나무, 신갈나무, 가래나무 순으로 나타났으며, 능선지역에서는 신갈나무, 피나무, 물푸레나무 순으로 나타났다. 그러나 중층과 하층에서 높은 우점률을 보이는 까치박달과 당단풍은 생육특성상 상층목으로의 도약을 기대하기 어려울 것으로 추정되었다. 종다양성은 계곡, 산복, 능선등 모든 지역의 중층과 하층에서는 유사한 것으로 파악되었으나, 상층에서는 능선지역이 계곡과 산복지역에 비해 매우 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 수분조건이 좋은 계곡보다 산복지역이 종다양성이 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 조사된 146종의 관속식물을 대상으로 생활형을 휴면형을 기준으로 구분한 결과, 지중식물, 교목, 반지중식물, 아교목, 관목, 1년생식물, 지표식물, 수생식물 순으로 나타났다. 특히 희귀 및 멸종식물로 지정된 금강초롱꽃은 본 연구 대상지 전역에서 쉽게 관찰되었다. Taking account of the structural variation on species composition according to the different topographic positions, i.e. valley, mid-slope, and ridge, the species composition, species diversity, life tool·m were comparatively analyzed fort· the three topographic positions in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Chumbong area. The results are as follows. 1.Specise Composition : Dominant species in the overstory were Quercus mongolica. Abies holophylla, and Fraxinus mandshurica in valley ; Tilia amuresis, Quercus mongolica, and Juglans mandshurica in mid-slope ; and Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in ridge. Acer p. and Carpinus c. which have maintained high composition ratio in mid-story were not considered to be dominant overstory species due to inherent growth form. 2.Species Diversity : The species diversity indices of mid- and understory showed not much different value in three topographic positions. However, the index of overstory in ridge had smaller value than those of valley and mid-slope. The stand in ridge had greater species diversity index than in valley where moisture condition could be more favorable. 3.Life Form : The total of 146 vascular were observed in Mt. Chumbong in this study Especially, Hanabusaya asiatica Nakai, were supposed to be the rare and endangered species, was easily found in many places. The proportion of life form spectra in the study forest was G-MM-H-N-Th-Ch-HH. Key words : natural deciduous forest, species composition, species diversity, life form.

전문지식을 기반으로 한 지능형 운동처방 시스템

강남호,박충희,이상준 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2002 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.2

This paper is about a study on computer system, which prescribes and recommends someone's suitable exercise based on the data of physical and mental features that people have. This paper shows the method of specialization and process of user's feature informations. This method is realized and evaluated about its efficiency based on the knowledge of exercise prescriptive expert.

비피더스균(Bifidobacterium)의 배양과 이용

姜國熙,朴勇河,金尙希 成均館大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

The fact became generally to know that Bifidobacterium were beneficial to human health. One gram of solid faeces(wet weight) was homogenized for not longer than 2 min. in 9ml of anaerobic dilution in glass homogenizer to give a homogeneous suspension and 10-fold dilutions in anaerobic dilutions were made from this suspension. BS, BL, and EG agar medium were used for isolation of Bifidobacterium. 10 Strains of Bifidobacterium were isolated from human faeces. They were identified and examined in physiological character. Concentration of Bifidobacterium was 3.0×10 exp 9/g in the faeces of healthy adults of Korean(19 adults aged 20∼25 years). Concentrations of Bifidobacterium in the faeces of one man were changed in each days.

DSP를 이용한 고속 거리계전 알고리즘 구현

강상희,김중표 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

In this paper, a high speed distance relay, using a digital signal processor(DSP) is presented. The idea of the protective algorithm is based on the least square method using minimum data window to minimize the relay operating time. A new disign concept for a low-pass filter is proposed. This analog low pass filter has minimum transient response time. The main processor of the relay is TMS320C31. According to a series of real time tests, the proposed protective relay shows reliable and fast operating characteristics.

중공유리구에 고정화된 광촉매를 이용한 남조류의 증식억제

강민수,정익상,우승희,김성우,이동근 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 2001 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.9 No.-

Photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystisaeruginosa was carried out with the TiO₂-coated pyrex hollow glass beads under the illumination of UV light(370㎚ wavelength). After being irradiated with UV light in the presence of the TiO₂-coated pyrex glass beads, Microcystis aeruginosa, known as typical cyanobacteria, lost their photosynthetic activity, and the colonies of Microcystis cells were completely separated into individual spherical one. Complete photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa was obtained in about 30min. Photosynthesis activity of the cyanobacteria could be inhibited effectively after being reacted photocatalytically with TiO₂ immobilized hollow glass ball.