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장선미,박정영,김성옥 서울대학교 보건대학원 2001 서울大學校 保健環境硏究所論叢 Vol.11 No.1
During last 30 years, most developed countries have been experienced rapid increase of pharmaceutical expenditures. In 1996, pharmaceutical expenditures represent 0.7-2.2% (Mean 1.2%) of GDP and 8-29% (Mean 15.4%) of National Health Expenditures in OECD countries. Thus most developed countries have developed and implemented various type of drug policies to contain expansion of pharmaceutical expenditures, because the pharmaceutical expenditures may be increased with growth of old population and become budgetary burden of NHS of NHI States. In this study, we introduced and reviewed various type of pharmaceutical policy of OECD countries to contain the pharmaceutical expenditure as follows. They are grouped as three different strategies by targets; physician, patient and health industry. First, we reviewed strategy to control physicians' prescribing behavior. These are 1. Budgeting constraints of prescribing (DRG, Pharmaceutical fixed budget), 2. Direct limitations of volume and expenditure, and 3. Guidelines for physicians, Benchmarking and feedback. Second, we reviewed strategy to control patient. These are 1. Co-payments and 2. Reference pricing. Third, we reviewed strategy to control Health Industry, These are 1. Price control (pricing), Reference pricing system, 2. Profit control, 3. Listing and delisting from reimbursement and 4. Fostering the use of generic drugs. The strategies to control physicians' prescribing may be effective if economic incentive or disincentive as well as information (lists or guidelines) is given to physicians. The strategies to control patients' should be accompanied with advance preparations such as considerations including health effect, equity, and quality (bio-equivalence). The impacts and considerations of these strategies which are implemented in OECD countries give us valuable lessons in developing policies to reduce pharmaceutical expenditure of Korea.
이애경,김정애,주미경,정안순,배경진,김정수,이정애,장은정 경복대학 2000 京福論叢 Vol.4 No.-
임상실습 교육은 간호이론을 실무에 적용하는 기회를 제공하는 과정으로서 임상실습이 간호교육의 중요한비중을 차지하고 있다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고, 임상실습 교육에 즉각적인 해결이 어려운 많은 문제점이 있음도 이미 알고 있는 사실이다 이에 임상실습 교육의 기초 자료로 활용되고 있는 실습목록표에 대한 간호 학생들의 실습목표의 명확한 이해와 더불어 이론과 실습의 연계성을 강화시키고자 하였다. 성인간호, 모성간호, 이동간호 3개 영역 모두에서 공통적으로 기본임상간호 항목이나 기본간호술과 관련된 항목에서 직접수행의 빈도가 높았고 숙련된 기술적인 처치나 전문성을 필요로 하는 항목에서는 관찰과 수행경험이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. Clinical performance is not only the process of providing the opportunity for applying nursing theory into practice but also it is a well-known fact that clinical performance is an important part in nursing education. lnspite of this importance, it is also true that many problem with no immediate solution exist in clinical performance of nursing students. thus, through measuring and analyzing the degree of clinical experience of the nursing students, on the nursing checklist that is being used as the basic guide in clinical education, we tried to clearly understand the objectives of clinical performance and to emphasize the connection between theory and clinical performance. The results of the study showed that the frequency of directly performing tasks was high in all areas of adult health nursing, maternity nursing, and child nursing for the items of basics clinical nursing and items related with basic nursing techniques, and that the experiences of observation and execution were lacking in the items needing skilled treatment or speciality.
일 전문대학 간호과 학생들이 인지하는 강의평가 기준에 대한 조사연구
김정애,이애경,주미경,정안순,장은정,김정수,강정희,이정애 경복대학 2004 京福論叢 Vol.8 No.-
일개 전문대학 간호과 학생들을 대상으로 강의평가 기준을 파악하고자 하였다. 개방형 질문지를 이용하였으며 7개의 교수관련 강의평가 문항 각각에 대해 좋은 점수 및 나쁜 점수를 부여하는 기준을 조사하였다. 각 문항별로 다양한 기준이 확인되었으며, 간호과 학생들의 강의 만족도를 높일 수 있는 교수설계를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. We aimed to set standards for the student evaluation of instruction for college students of Nursing. We used an open questionaire and surveyed the standards for how students judge the instruction good of bad by using seven questions related to the instructor. Various standards set from each question could be used as basic materials to meet the students' needs in the classroom when the instructors try to find out new instructional design.
이애경,김정애,주미경,정안순,장은정,김정수,강정희,이정애 경복대학 2001 京福論叢 Vol.5 No.-
신규간호사의 능력은 간호학생 때의 다양한 임상경험에 기초를 둔다. 따라서, 간호대학의 교수, 병원 지도자, 임상지도자는 간호학생들이 다양한 지식을 획득하고 간호기술을 경험할 수 있도록 도와주는 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 이러한 간호학생들의 임상실습에서 수행하는 간호활동과 간호활동 시간을 분석하고자 하는데 있다. 연구결과 간호학생 1인당 직접간호활동 시간은 185.5분(직접간호비율은 56.7%)으로 141.65분(간접간호 비율은 43.3%)인 간접간호활동 시간보다 많았다. 직접간호활동 시간 중 활력징후 측정이 51.9분으로 가장 많은 시간을 차지하였고, 간접간호활동 시간 중에는 차트보기가 22.98분으로 가장 많은 시간을 차지하였다. 전반적으로 기본적인 임상간호 수행기술에 소요되는 시간이 고도의 숙련된 간호기술을 수행하는데 드는 시간보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구결과를 토대로 간호대학의 지도자와 병원의 지도자 및 임상지도자가 함께 임상실습 교육과정의 지침서와 평가서를 평가할 필요가 있다고 제언하는 바이다. The competence of newly graduated nurses is based on various clinical experiences gained when they were students. Therefore, professors in nursing schools, directors in hospitals or preceptors must play a critical role in assisting them to obtain various knowledge and experienced nursing skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate nursing care activities and nursing care hours practiced by nursing students in clinical experience. The results of this study showed that the direct nursing care hours per each nursing student are 185.5 mins(direct nursing care rate 56.7%) and it is higher than indirect nursing care hours, 141.65 mins(indirect nursing care rate 43.3%). The hours of checking vital signs are the longest(51.9mins) among the direct nursing care activities, and the hours of reviewing chart are the longest(22.98mins) among the indirect nursing care activities. In general, the time of performing basic clinical nursing technique was higher than that of performing high skilled nursing technique. And nursing observation was higher than that of directly performing task. So, we suggest based on the results of this study as follows. It is needed for nursing instructors in nursing schools and hospitals together to evaluate the guidelines and check-list of clinical practice courses.
김영희,김정수,김정애,방숙명,배경진,이애경,장은정,정안순,주미경,최나영 경복대학 1998 京福論叢 Vol.2 No.-
교과과정의 조직은 체계적이고 뜻이 있는 순서로 학생들을 가르치기 위해 지식을 어떻게 조직화할 것인지와, 과목들 사이에서 공통된 내용은 통합시켜 중첩되는 일이 없도록 조정할 필요가 있다. 이에 현재 본 대학 간호과에서 운영되었던 97학년도의 17개 전공과목들의 교과과정의 내용을 비교, 분석하여 중복을 줄이며 순차적 지식의 습득을 도모하는 새로운 통합교과과정의 틀을 개발, 제시함으로써 보다 나은 전문직 간호교육이 이루어지도록 하고자 하였다. Most curricula are considered how to teach the student in systematic and meaningful orders. And it is necessary to coordinate the duplicate contents in major subjects in nursing. So this study was designed to set up a new comprehensive curriculum through comparing and ananlyzing each seventeen major subjects in Nursing Department of Kyung-Bok College. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the new comprehensive curricula for promoting the efficiency and effectiveness in diploma degree course of nursing education.
Jang, Ho Hee,Chi, Yong Hun,Park, Soo Kwon,Lee, Seung Sik,Lee, Jung Ro,Park, Jin Ho,Moon, Jeong Chan,Lee, Young Mee,Kim, Sun Young,Lee, Kyun Oh,Lee, Sang Yeol Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 Physiologia Plantarum Vol.126 No.4
<P>The ubiquitously distributed peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been shown to have diverse functions in cellular defense-signaling pathways. They have been largely classified into three Prx classes, 2-Cys Prx, atypical 2-Cys Prx and 1-Cys Prx, which can be distinguished by how many Cys residues they possess and by their catalytic mechanisms. Proteins belonging to the typical 2-Cys Prx group containing the N-terminal peroxidatic Cys residue undergo a cycle of peroxide-dependent oxidation to sulfenic acid and thiol-dependent reduction during H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> catalysis. However, in the presence of high concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and catalytic components, including thioredoxin (Trx), Trx reductase and NADPH, the sulfenic acid can be hyperoxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid. The overoxidized 2-Cys Prxs are slowly reduced by the action of the adenosine 5′-triphosphate-dependent enzyme, sulfiredoxin. Upon exposure of cells to strong oxidative or heat-shock stress conditions, 2-Cys Prxs change their protein structures from low-molecular weight to high-molecular weight complexes, which trigger their functional switching from peroxidases to molecular chaperones. The C-terminal region of 2-Cys Prx also plays an essential role in this structural conversion. Thus, proteins with truncated C-termini are resistant to overoxidation and cannot regulate their structures or functions. These reactions are primarily guided by the active site peroxidatic Cys residue, which serves as an ‘H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-sensor’ in cells. The reversible structural and functional switching of 2-Cys Prxs provides cells with a means to adapt to external stresses by presumably activating intracellular defense-signaling systems. In particular, plant 2-Cys Prxs localized in chloroplasts have dynamic protein structures that undergo major conformational changes during catalysis, forming super-complexes and reversibly attaching to thylakoid membranes in a redox-dependent manner.</P>
Benzomalvin E, an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor isolated from Penicillium sp. FN070315
Jang, Jun-Pil,Jang, Jae-Hyuk,Soung, Nak-Kyun,Kim, Hye-Min,Jeong, Sook-Jung,Asami, Yukihiro,Shin, Kee-Sun,Kim, Mee Ree,Oh, Hyuncheol,Kim, Bo Yeon,Ahn, Jong Seog Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2012 Journal of antibiotics Vol.65 No.4