Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristics in Presence of Sun Glint Using CASI-1500 Data in Shallow Waters

( Joo Young Jeon ),( Sun Hwa Kim ),( Chan Su Yang ) 대한원격탐사학회 2015 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Sun glint correction methods of hyperspectral data that have been developed so far have not considered the various situations and are often adequate for only certain conditions. Also there is an inaccurate assumption that the signal in NIR wavelength is zero. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the NIR spectral properties of sun glint effect in coastal waters. For the analysis, CASI-1500 airborne hyperspectral data, bathymetry data and in-situ data obtained at coastal area near Sin-Cheon, Jeju Island, South Korea were used. The spectral characteristics of radiance and reflectance at the five NIR wavelengths (744 nm, 758 nm, 772 nm, 786 nm, and 801 nm) are analyzed by using various statistics, spatial and spectral variation of sun-glinted area under conditions of the bottom types of benthos, barren rocks and sand with similar water depth. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the relation of water depth or bottom type with sun glint is relatively less which is a similar result with the previous studies. However the sun glint are distributed similarly with the patterns of the direction of wave propagation. It is confirmed that the areas with changed direction of wave propagation were not affected by the sun glint. The spatial and spectral variations of radiance and reflectance are mainly caused by the effect of sun glint and waves. The radiance or reflectance of more sun-glinted areas are increased approximately 1.5 times and the standard deviations are also increased three times compared to the less sun glinted areas. Through this study, the further studies of sun glint correction method in coastal water using the patterns of wave propagation and diffraction will be placed.

연안해역 모니터링을 위한 초분광영상 처리기법 현황

김선화 ( Sun Hwa Kim ),양찬수 ( Chan Su Yang ) 한국지리정보학회 2015 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구에서는 초분광영상의 국내 연안 활용 범위 확대 및 정확성 향상을 위해, 국외 연안지역에 대한 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상의 다양한 처리 기법을 소개한다. 육상과 달리, 가시광선 영역에서 미세한 반사율을 보이는 해양의 경우 보다 정밀한 대기보정이 요구된다. 이와 함께, 태양-해수면-센서의 기하학적 특징으로 나타나는 태양광 정반사(sun-glint)와 같은 이상 현상을 제거하기 위한 다양한 기법도 개발되어 왔다. 대기 및 정반사 보정된 초분광영상은 연안지역의 수심추정과 산호와 같은 저서 생물 및 해저면 종류 분류, 저서 생물 상태 모니터링에 활용되는데, 주로 복사전달모델과 분광라이브러리에 기반을 둔 반분석적 기법을 사용한다. 이는 초분광영상의 많은 분광 정보를 활용하는 방법으로, 실험적 모델을 적용하는 다중분광자료에 비해 상대적으로 정확도가 높다. 광학영상의 해양활용에서 있어 수심 및 수질은 매우 중요한 제약점으로, 특히 복사전달모델에 기반을 둔 분석에 따르면 초분광영상은 최대 25m까지 수심측정이나 해저면 분류가 가능하다고 하나, 실제 많은 연구에서 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상은 수심 10m 이내의 연안지역에서 활용되고 있다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 국내 연안지역의 초분광영상자료의 정확하고 정량적인 연안 활용을 위해서는 최대 탐지 가능한 수심 및 수질조건 등에 대한 분석이 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 국내 연안지역에 대해 분류 가능한 저서 생물과 해저면의 분류 및 분광라이 브러리 구축의 필요성을 제시하였다. In this study, we introduce various hyperspectral data processing techniques for the monitoring of shallow and coastal waters to enlarge the application range and to improve the accuracy of the end results in Korea. Unlike land, more accurate atmospheric correction is needed in coastal region showing relatively low reflectance in visible wavelengths. Sun-glint which occurs due to a geometry of sun-sea surface-sensor is another issue for the data processing in the ocean application of hyperspectal imagery. After the preprocessing of the hyperspectral data, a semi-analytical algorithm based on a radiative transfer model and a spectral library can be used for bathymetry mapping in coastal area, type classification and status monitoring of benthos or substrate classification. In general, semi-analytical algorithms using spectral information obtained from hyperspectral imagey shows higher accuracy than an empirical method using multispectral data. The water depth and quality are constraint factors in the ocean application of optical data. Although a radiative transfer model suggests the theoretical limit of about 25m in depth for bathymetry and bottom classification, hyperspectral data have been used practically at depths of up to 10 m in shallow and coastal waters. It means we have to focus on the maximum depth of water and water quality conditions that affect the coastal applicability of hyperspectral data, and to define the spectral library of coastal waters to classify the types of benthos and substrates.

Genetic associations of body composition, flexibility and injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas

( Jun Ho Kim ),( Eun Sun Jung ),( Chul Hyun Kim ),( Hyeon Youn ),( Hwa Rye Kim ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jun Ho Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Chul-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Youn and Hwa Rye Kim. Genetic associations of body composition, flexibilityand injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.205-214, 2014[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to exam the association of body composition, flexibility, and injury risk to genetic polymorphismsincluding ACEID, ACTN3RX, and COL5A1polymorphisms in ballet dancers in Korea. [Methods]For the purpose of this study,elite ballerinas (n = 97) and normal female adults (n = 203) aged 18 to 39 were recruited and these participants were tested forbody weight, height, body fat, fat free mass, flexibility, injury risks on the joints and gene polymorphisms (ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1polymorphism). [Results]As results, the ACEDD genotype in ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and percentageof body fat than the ACEII and ID genotypes (p< 0.05). In the study on the ACTN3polymorphism and ballerinas, the XXgenotype in ballerinas had lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX genotype (p < 0.005). Also, the meansof sit and reach test for flexibility was lower in the ACTN3XX genotype of ballerinas than the RR and RX genotype of ballerinas(p< 0.05). Among the sports injuries, the ankle injury of the XX-genotyped ballerinas was in significantly more prevalence thanthe RR and XX-genotyped ballerinas (p< 0.05). According to the odd ratio analysis, XX-genotyped ballerinas have the injuryrisk on the ankle about 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6~13.4, p< 0.05) times more than the RR and RX-genotyped ballerinas. Meanwhile, theCOL5A1polymorphism in ballerinas has no association with any factors including flexibility and injury risks. [Conclusion]Inconclusion, ACEpolymorphism and ACTN3polymorphism were associated with ballerinas` performance capacity; COL5A1wasnot associated with any factors of performance of Ballerinas. The results suggested that the ACEDD genotype is associated withhigh body fat, the ACTN3XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility, and higher risk of ankle-joint injury. [Keyword]ballet, flexibility, body composition, injury risk, ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

자료포락분석(DEA)를 이용한 보건의료의 효율성 측정

김남송,박홍섭,김은진,김설화,김정숙,김현아,김경숙,신지혜,최은정,양은진,유선미,유수진 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2007 圓光醫科學 Vol.22 No.1

Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

Effects of Phenytoin and Diazepam on the Seizure Activity in the Cortical Dysplasia Animal Models

Kim, Si-Hyung,Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Park, Eun-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung,Choi, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injucted control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5mg/kg;phenytoin 40, 60mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.

여성 외음부에 발생한 선상 편평상피세포암종

김창옥,양기화,강석진,이안희,김병기,김선무 대한병리학회 1991 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.25 No.1

PT조건하 V_2O_5에 의한 Alcohol의 산화

강선희,김미련,김선자,김현옥,노복자,이기화,이정숙 曉星女子大學校 藥學大學 學生會 1988 曉星藥誌 Vol.4 No.-

2, 3; 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D -mannofuranose(ManA) were oxidized to their cor-responding 2, 3;5,6-di-O-isoprolylidene-α-D-manno-1.4-lactone(ManB) using calcium chlorite as oxidant in a phase transfer catalysis system. But identified results were not obvious. V_2O_5 catalzed oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones respectively at alkali conditions under Solod-Liquid phase transfer conditions. This reaction affords good overall yields of products without formation of undersirable.

연쇄중합효소반응을 이용한 태아성별진단

이희섭,김용신,김화선,김정중,김원신 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1996 생명공학연구소보 Vol.4 No.1

For sex determination by the PCR method, oligoprimers to Y-chromosome gene, DYZ1, SRY, and AMGL were synthesized and genomic DNA was extracted from male and female placenta for the control use. DYZ1 represented 154 bp single band to 0.001pg/ml male genomic DNA but did not represent 154 bp band in female genomic DNA, SRY represented 341 bp band to 1 pg/ml male genomic DNA but did not represent 341 bp band in female genomic DNA, and AMGL represented 977 and 788 bp double band to 1 pg/ml male genomic DNA and 977 bp single band to 1 pg/ml female genomic DNA in 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. DYZ1 was 1,000-fold sensitive than SRY and AMGL. DYZ1 and SRY could not identify the PCR failure from female but AMGL identified. To increase the sensitivity, the dual amplification of AMGL was performed and the sensitivity increased to 1,000-fold. During the dual amplification of female genomic DNA mixed with male genomic DNA, 0.00125pg/l, 1:400 part male genomic DNA contamination represented double bands as male. In 2 cases of 46, XY female, DYZ1 and AMGL amplification represented male band but SRY amplification did not represent male band. It was suggested that SRY gene was deleted in two 46, XY female cases. for fetal sex determination, PCR with DYZ1, SRY, and AMGL was performed in 10 cases of chorionic villi and 15 cases of amnionic cells. By the comparison with karyotyping result, fetal sex determination was achieved successfully in all 23 samples using PCR of SRY and AMGL but false result was detected in 3 cases(13%) using DYZ1. According to our results, it was concluded that DYZ1 was 1,000-fold sensitive than SRY and AMGL but could not be used because of its false results, and AMGL and SRY must be used concomitantly for precise sex determination.