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한국 중년기 남녀의 건강상태 및 건강 관리 행동 : 성별, 연령집단별 차이를 중심으로 Focused on Gender and Age-group Differences
한경혜,이정화,Ryff. C.,Marks. N.,옥선화,차승은 대한가정학회 2003 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.41 No.1
The purpose of this study is to examine the health status and health behavior of middle-aged Korean men and women. Even though there has been increased concern about extremely high mortality rate of Korean middle-aged men and mental health problems of middle aged women, there is a dearth of empirical studies which examine the health status and health behavior of middle-aged men and women in Korea. This study atternpts to frll these gaps. Data gathered from 1,667 men and women aged between 30-59 are analyzed to examine the level of physical health, mental health, perceived health and health behavior and to explore the gender and age group differences in these aspects. The results show that there exist gender difference and age group difference in health status: Women are less healthy than men and as age increased health status declined. Women at their 50s are least healthy and most unhappy suggesting age and gender interaction in health status. There exist a gender difference in health behavior: Mne have regular check-ups more frequently than women and exercise more. These results are discussed in terms of the gender difference in the experiences, social roles and life styles over the life course.
차선화 ( Sun Hwa Cha ),한정열 ( Jung Yeol Han ),김해숙 ( Hae Suk Kim ),전선영 ( Seon Young Jeon ),허윤희 ( Yoon Hee Huh ),이경자 ( Kyong Ja Lee ),안현경 ( Hyun Kyong Ahn ),최준식 ( June Seek Choi ),김경아 ( Kyung Ah Kim ),신손문 ( 대한주산의학회 2003 Perinatology Vol.14 No.3
목적: 수유부에서 약물 노출의 종류와 빈도 및 이들 약물에 노출시 수유아에 어느 정도 우려되는 영향을 미치는지 느끼는 정도와 이러한 우려가 모유 수유율에 영향을 미치는지 평가하고자 한다. 방법: 2003년 4월 15일부터 2003년 5월 15일까지 삼성제일병원 산부인과 외래에 출산 후 8주에 내원한 산모 중 설문에 답했던 91례를 대상으로 하였다. 설문은 출산력, 분만방법, 모유수유 여부, 약물 노출의 빈도와 종류를 포함하고 있으며, 10cm Visual analogue scale를 이용하여 수유부가 복용했던 약물에 의해 영아에 미치는 영향에 대한 우려정도를 측정하였다. 결과: 연구 대상자의 평균 나이는 31세였으며, 평균 출산 아기 수는 1.3 명이었다. 이들의 출산 후 8주에 수유율은 65.9%(60/91)이었다. 모유수유를 선택하지 않고 분유를 선택한 이유는 젖이 잘 나오지 않아서가 38.7%(12/31)이었으며, 직장 12.9%(4/31), 함몰유두 6.5%(2/31), 약물복용 3.2%(1/31), 유방울혈 3.2%(1/31), 순이었으며, 기타는 35.5%(11/31)이었다. 모유 수유율과 관련된 변수들 중 산모의 나이와 출산아이의 수는 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았으나, 출산 방법에 따른 모유 수유율은 정상자연분만은 76.9%(30/39), 유도분만에 따른 정상질식분만 70.0%(14/20), 그리고 제왕절개술 50%(16/32)로 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 수유 중 약물 사용율은 50%(30/60)이었으며, 복용한 약물의 종류는 단일 노출로는 한약이 가장 많아 36.7%(11/30)이었으며, 영양제 10%(3/30), 감기약 6.7%(2/30)순이었고, 복합적으로 처방 받은 예를 포함하면 한약은 46.7%에 이른다. 수유 중 약물 노출 후 수유부가 느끼는 영아에 미치는 나쁜 영향의 정도는 약 49%이며, 출산방법에 따른 차이를 비교하면 자연질식분만이 46.5±6.6%, 유도분만 48.9±8.6%, 그리고 제왕절개술 51.2±8.2%으로 통계학적인 차이는 없었지만, 분만과정에서 중재가 심할수록 산모가 느끼는 약물이 신생아에 미치는 우려의 정도가 크게 나타났다. 결론: 대부분의 수유부는 수유 중 모체의 약물 복용이 수유아에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다고 생각하며, 실제 이는 모유 수유율을 감소시키는 한 요인으로 작용한다. Objective: To determine the type and frequency of medication taken by breast-feeding women and to evaluate the effects of maternal anxiety related to medication during lactation on the breast-feeding rate. Methods: From April 15 to May 15 2003, we conducted a survey with a prepared questionnaire on ninety-one mothers who visited the obstetric clinics of Samsung Cheil hospital at eight weeks after delivery. The questionnaire contained information about parity, mode of delivery, whether to feed breast-milk, and the type and frequency of medicinal exposure. We also asked the degree of perceived adverse effects on her baby associated with maternal medication using 10cm visual analogue scale. Results: The mean age of respondents was thirty-one years and the mean number of children born to the respondents was 1.3. At the eighth week after delivery the breast-feeding rate was 65.9%. The breast-feeding rate was not related to maternal age or the number of children but rather, the mode of delivery, which was 76.9% in NSVD, 70.0% in vaginal delivery with labor induction and 50% in cesarean delivery(P<0.05). The frequency of maternal medication intake during lactation was 50%. The most frequent type of medicine was herb medicine (36.7%). The average score of perceived adverse effect on a respondent`s baby during breast-feeding was about 49% in total, which was 46.5% in NSVD, 48.9% in vaginal delivery with labor induction, and 51.2% in cesarean delivery. Conclusion: Most nursing mothers think that their medications during lactation affect adversely their babies, who, in turn, may be associated with the decrease of breast-feeding rate.
S-20 Long-term outcome and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal cancer
( Sun Hwa Kim ),( Ra Ri Cha ),( Yang Won Min ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
AIM: Endoscopic resection is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for superficial esophageal cancer without distant metastasis. We investigated the clinical outcome of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed SESCC patients who underwent ESD between Mar 2007 and Feb 2016. En bloc resection, complete resection, and curative resection were evaluated. Recurrence and mortality during follow-up were investigated. Procedure-related complications were also assessed. Results: A total of 161 cases were treated with ESD in 157 patients for SESCC. The patients' median age was 64.36±7.63years, and 145 males (92.4%) were included. The median tumor size was 1.45±0.79cm. En bloc resection was achieved in 150 (93.2%) lesions. Complete resection was attained in 122 (75.8%) lesions, and curative resection was achieved in 93 (57.8%) lesions. Procedure-related complications included micro- and frank perforation (n=10 and n=4, respectively total=14,8.9%) and stricture (n=18,11.2%). In perforated cases, 2 patients underwent operation and the others were treated with endoscopic hemoclipping and conservative management. In patients with stricture, 14 (8.7%) patients underwent balloon dilatation, 2 (1.2%) patients underwent stent insertion, and 2 (2%) patients had no treatment. However, procedure-related mortality did not occur. Among patients who achieved curative resection (n=89), tumor recurrence occurred in 5 (5.3%) patients during follow-up. In recurred cases, 2 patients underwent ESD, 2 patients received APC, and 1 patient underwent CCRT. In our study, general anesthesia group had better outcome than conscious sedation group in mean procedure time and duration of hospital stay. Conclusions: Our study showed favorable clinical outcome in SESCC patients when they were treated with ESD, and revealed that esophageal ESD is a relatively safe, technically feasible, and effective treatment, and when curative resection was achieved, it showed favorable long term outcome. Additionally, esophageal ESD under general anesthesia provided a safe treatment environment and was very effective for wide lesion requiring longer procedure time.