Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions

Lee, Sang Choel,Han, Seung Hyeok,Li, Jin Ji,Lee, Sun Ha,Jung, Dong-Sub,Kwak, Seung-Jae,Kim, Seung Hye,Kim, Dong Ki,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Jin Hyun,Chang, Se-Ho,Han, Dae Suk,Kang, Shin-Wook International Society of Nephrology 2009 Kidney international Vol.76 No.8

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an anti-oxidant enzyme normally upregulated in response to oxidant injury. Here we determined the role of HO-1 in podocyte apoptosis in glomeruli of streptozotocin-treated rats and in immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in media containing normal or high glucose. HO-1 expression, its activity, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein, and active caspase-3 fragments were all significantly higher in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. These increases were inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin treatment of the rats or by HO-1 siRNA treatment of the podocytes in culture. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly increased in the glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. Inhibition of HO-1 accentuated the increase in apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that HO-1 expression protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions.

운동형태가 청소년의 상태불안 감소에 미치는 영향

류호상,염민선,변재철,박승한 한국스포츠심리학회 2002 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.13 No.2

과거의 운동심리학(exorcise psychology) 문헌들은 일회(acute) 운동 후에 상태불안이 감소되어 기분이 좋아지는 효과를 얻을 수 있다고 밝혀왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 어떤 형태(유산소 대 무산소)의 일회 운동이 청소년의 상태불안과 그에 관련된 생리변인들에 보다 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 지를 비교하고자 하는 것이었다. 12명의 남자중학교 학생들을 6명씩 두 집단으로 나누어 한 집단에게는 유산소운동을 다른 집단에게는 무산소운동을 시킨 후, 1주일 후에는 서로 역할을 교대시키는 반복측정을 하였다. 유산소운동은 심박수를 이용하여 최대운동능력(VO_2peak)의 75%강도로 트레드밀에서 20분간 달리기를 하는 것이었고, 무산소운동은 5개의 웨이트트레이닝을 십회반복최대(10RM)의 75% 강도로 돌아가며 20분간 실시하는 것이었다. 각 운동 전·후에는 20분 동안 안정을 취한 뒤 상태불안, 체온, 그리고 혈압을 차례로 측정하였다. 각 운동조건의 평균을 비교하기 위한 통계분석을 사전점사 결과를 공변인으로 하고 사후점사 결과를 종속변인으로 하는 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였다. 자료처리 결과, 유산소운동과 무산소운동 후 어떤 변인들에도 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<.05). 따라서 청소년의 상태불안을 감소시키는 데는 운동형태간에 차이가 없으며 그러한 연구에 대해 지속적인 관심과 필요성이 강조되었다. The purpose of this study was to examine aerobic versus anaerobic exercise effect on state anxiety reduction and related physiological variables in middle school students. A total of twelve male subjects were assigned to 20-minute condition in each exercise with the intensity of 75% of VO_2peak and 75% of 10 Repetition Maximum. State anxiety(Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), body temperature, and blood pressure were assessed 20-minute before and after each exercise. One-way analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) indicated that the self-reported state anxiety, the body temperature, and the blood pressure were not significantly different between the 2 types of exercise. In conclusion, it is too premature to state that aerobic exercise is better than anaerobic exercise on state anxiety reduction in adolescents.

약물의 in vitro 투과 실험을 위한 사람의 비강점막상피세포 단층막의 일차배양

유진욱,김유선,이민기,노환중,이치호,김대덕 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.1

The primary culture of human nasal epithelial cell monolayer was performed on a Transwell. The effect of various factors on the tight junction formation was observed in order to develop an in vitro experimental system for nasal transport studies. Human nasal epithelial cells, collected from human normal inferior turbinates, were plated onto diverse inserts. After 4 days, media of the apical surface was removed for air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. Morphological characteristics was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A polyester membrane of 0.4 μm pore size was determined as the most effective insert based on the change in the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) value as well as the ^14C-mannitol transport study. The ALI method was effective in developing the tight junction as observed in the further increase in the TEER value and reduction in the permeability coefficient (P_app) of ^14C-mannitol transport. Results of the transport study of a model drug, budesonide, showed that the primary culture system developed in this study could be further developed and applied for in vitro nasal transport studies.

원격 영상 정보 시스템의 개발

김선호,유선국,김용구,박성욱,김성림,김남현 대한의료정보학회 1996 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.2 No.1

卵巢未分化胚細胞腫 1例

柳友國,李起煥,權善鎬,盧興泰 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.1

Ovarian Dysgerminoma is a tumor purely of germ cells without any attempt to form teratomatous elements and is believed to arise from the primordial germ cells of the indifferent stage of gonadogenesis. We have had a Dysgerminoma of right ovary in 28 years old multigravida and report the case with review of literatures briefly.

전류 비유 모델에 의한 초등학생의 전류 개념 변화 분석

유병길,강인석,김병철,남만희,박선희,소하연,윤희정,이영아,이하룡,전병문,정승호 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 科學敎育硏究 Vol.25 No.-

There exists a major impediment to learning electricity which may illuminate why direct presentation of scientists' ideas is too aggressive a strategy. This impediment lies in thinking that electricity is used up and in envisaging the light bulb as a consumer. This view is based on a powerful idea which summarises much of our experience; it declares that 'things get used up', 'you cannot get something for nothing', and 'intuitive thinking'. To replace this view with scientific view, we made the analogy model. It is suggested that the analogy model is more effective in teaching electricity circuits than conventional teaching method.

資本主義精神 : MAX WEBER를 中心으로

柳浩善 明知大學校 사회과학연구소 1983 社會科學論文集 Vol.- No.2-3

經濟運營의 思想構造變遷 : 國家와 經濟의 基本關係

柳浩善 明知大學校 사회과학연구소 1983 社會科學論文集 Vol.- No.2-3

우리 나라의 財政政策의 展開過程에 關한 硏究

柳浩善 명지대학교 1977 明大論文集 Vol.10 No.-

1. The Korean fiscal policy may well be considered to have taken root in the framework of J.M.Keynes’ policy system. He derives his policy theory from the monetary economic theory, rather than the classic view on the substance economy. As long as it is based on the market economy, it is imperative to place the focus on the role of money, whether it is a fiscal policy or a monetary policy combined. There are many policies in a country. But the typical policy which contains those policies and provides a workable system to other policy measures will be the fiscal and monetary policies. In Korea, the fiscal policy and the monetary policy are combined in the government’s financial stabilization program and implemented toward the goal of maintaining an adequate money supply. 2. According to the development course of our fiscal policy, it chiefly led the national economy during the period from the 1950’s to mid-1960’s. During the following decade from the latter half of the 1960’s, the fiscal policy continued to play an important role in the economic development. With the growth of the monetary sector and the overseas sector, emphasis in the fiscal policy had to be placed on maintaining an adequate level of money supply and seeking the stabili-zation and growth of the national economy. 3. During the past decade or so, the nation has achieved a remarkable economic growth of about 10 percent on the annual average, while pushing ahead with the industrialization policy and the export promotion policy. This has been accompanied by the continued inflationary trends through the fiscal expansion, an increase in the introduction of foreign capital, an increase in exports, an expansion of credits, and'by the burgeoning money supply. Inflation refers to a progressive increase in prices. Prices. Prices makethe most impor-tant economic indicator in the nations’s welfare. Accordingly, the nation must boost its exports and achieve a rapid economic development through the stabilization of prices. This is the only way to make possible for effcetive utilization of reso-urces and for a balanced distribution of income, and to ensure the stabilization urces and for a balanced distribution of income, and to ensure the stabilization and improvement of the national living. 4. According to the trends of government finance, the annual revenues in the general finance sector, which stood at 91 million at the current market prices in 1949, have sharply grown to 2.270.037 million in 1976. The amount in 1976 repres-ents well how far the government and public sector in the national economy has grown so far. The revenue structure has also developed remarkably. In 1949, out of the total revenues of 91 million, tax revenues accounted for 14.4percent, other revenues for 33.0 percent, foreign aid for 6.2 percent, and borrowings for 46.4 percent. Aid revenues discontinued in 1974. Of the total revenues of 2.270,037 million, tax revenues accounted for 80.2 percent and other revenues for 19.8 percent. Most noteworthy in this connection is the sharp increase in tax revenues. 5. In the general fiscal expenditures in 1949, defense outlays accounted for 26.4 percent of the total and the expenditures in nondefense sectors for 73.6 percent. In 1976, however, the expenditure structure has changed into that of 32.5 percent for defense expenditures and 67.5 percent for other expenditures. In the expenditures for other than defense outlays, the ratio of economic develo-pment expendituer has changed from 27 percent in the 1962-66 period to 26 percent in the 1967-71 period and to 21.7 percent in the 1972-76 period. 6. The annual average fiscal burden, which remained at 10.5 percent during the 1954-61 period, has increased to 12.8 percent during the 1963-66 period and again to 16.5 percent during the 1966-76 period. The total fiscal scale to GNP was 27.8 percent on the annual average during the 1968-76 period; of the total, local govern-ment finance accounted for 4 percent. During the 1971-76 period, the total finance expanded by 31.2 percent. The inc-ome elasticity of tax has grown from 1.0 in 1971 to 1.5 in 1974, a level similar to 1.51 during the 1962-69 period. 7. The increasing role of the fiscal sector, particularly the increasing expen-ditures in the government investments and loans sector, has halped to expedite construction in the large-scale industries, which have linkage effects in the gene-ral economic sector. On the other hand, it has been attended by the excess demand effect and infla tionary effect resulting from the excessively sharp increase in the gorernment investments and loans. 8. During the period from the Liberation in 1945 to 1960, the material supply was absolutely in short on account of the generally low level of industrial pro-duction. Accordingly, the growth rate of money supply played a leading role of pushing the prices upwards. During the 16-year period from 1961 to 1976, the growth rate of money supply has continued to rise by an annual average rate of about 30 percent. On the other hand, the real growth rate was 10 percent. The inflationary gap resulting from this has been chiefly filled up by the price rise, even in consideration of the income growing speed and the currency modernization rate. 9. The inflationary factors in Korea-namely, the successive actions taken for cha-nges in the foreign exchange rate over 20 different occasions since the Liberation in 1945 to 1974, the emergence of monopoly and oligopoly enterprises in the course of the economic development, the “cost-push” effects of major resources amid the global inflation and the oil crisis, the inflationary spiral retarded increasing saving through the widening gap between-the bank interest rates and the private loan interests, andthe increases in public utility rates to meet the fiscal demand and fill up deficits in business management-cannot be fully explained merely by the “cost-push” theory or the “demand-pull” theory. In particular, inflation has been abetted by a burgeoning money supply caused from the governmental sector as well as the overseas sector and sometimes from the private sector. 10. In such a development course, a hypothesis has been established by S.S.Kuznet that “the more the economy of a country grows, the deeper the degree of inequality of income standards; and as the country advances into a highly industrialized society, its inequality degree is alleviated gradually. Based on this hypothesis, the nation will have to seek a turning point in its fiscal and monetary policies as it approaches the stage of developing into a highly industrialized soc-iety. In other words, the fiscal sector should make a transition into the position of supplementing the private sector. 11. The national economy now growing rapidly in its scale, particularly toward the 1980’s, calls for the management of new systems and policies. Major details of such new systems and policies will be to ensure the autonomous system of the economy at each level, increase the economic efficiency and market functions, rectify an imbalance of income, and reasonably adjust various policies. For instance, the pursuit of the goals fo price stabiliization and the stabilization of the currency value is as important as the goals for increasing employment, boosting exports and achieving a rapid economic development. Accordingly, it is necessary to reasonably adjust various majo targets of the national economy. Prices should be stabilized not merely by the control of money supply alone. Such a policy must also be supplemented by a balance of overall supply through an increased production and by the import of low-cost foreign goods through the liberalization of import trade. 12. With the expansion of the economic scale, the nation’s fiscal scale has also remarkably grown. This has also led to the increasing importance and diversifi-cation of the manetary sector. Since an expension of the fiscal sector leads to an excess demand, it is necessary to seek an adequate size of finance. In the monetary sector as well, the past practice of excessive supporting the export financing loans should be reexamined. In consideration of the export-import balance and the effects of the foreign capital on the domestic currency the present systems should be improved and the inflationary factors removed. If efforts are made to ensure a healthy finance, increase private credits through an increase in savings and an autonomous operation of private credits through the balance of payments position, the nation will be able to achieve a sustained economic growth by utilizing the market fu′nctions, while maintaining internal and external equilibrium.

立地土壤의 特性

柳順昊,宋寬哲 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1984 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.1 No.-

1975년에 完了된 濟州道 精密土壤調査 結果에 依하면 濟州道 土壤은 5 個 目, 10 個 亞目, 12개 大群, 30 個 亞群, 47 個 屬및 64 個 統으로 分類되며, 이는 便宜上 暗褐色土(17.01%), 濃暗褐色土(41.4%), 黑色土(21.6%), 및 褐色森林土(13.9%)의 4個 土壤群으로 大別된다. 濃暗褐色土, 黑色土 및 褐色森土는 代表的인 火山灰土이나 暗褐色土는 火山灰土的 特性을 弱하게 지니고 있다. 濟州道 火山灰土는 非晶質 珪酸鹽 粘土鑛物인 Allophane을 主粘土鑛物로 하고 있는데, 土壤 pH의 變化에 따라 Allophane에서 Al이 遊離되어 活性化되는 性質이 매우 强하며, 이러한 Allophane의 强한 礬土性에 基因되어 濟州道 土壤의 自然肥沃度가 낮다. 즉 難分解性의 有機物이 多量으로 集積되고, 그에 따라 假密度가 極히 낮으며 强風에 依해 土壤浸蝕이 쉽게 일어난다. 陽이온置換容量은 높으나 土壤의 鹽基吸着力이 弱하고 透水性이 過多하여 鹽基가 遊離, 溶脫되기 쉽다. 또한 燐酸을 吸着, 固定시키는 能力이 대단히 커서 有效燐酸이 缺乏되기 쉬운 問題 等이 있는데, 이러한 濟州道 火山灰土의 改良은 매우 어려운 것으로 알려져 있다. 特히 濟州道 土壤은 燐酸 固定 能力이 대단히 커서 有效燐酸이 缺乏되기 쉽기 때문에 作物 栽培에 있어서 燐酸肥料의 效果가 좋다는 것이 農民들에게 널리 알려져 Ca과 Mg 含量이 높은 熔成燐肥가 每年 多量으로 施用되어져 왔다. 따라서 濟州道에서의 肥料 施用 樣相을 調査한 結果 單位面積當 施肥量이 全國 平均에 比하여 濟州道에서 더 많을 뿐만 아니라 窒素肥料에 對한 燐酸과 加里肥料의 施用 比率도 濟州道에서 더 높은데, 이러한 傾向은 柑橘園이 많은 南濟州郡에서 더욱 현저하다. 1960年代 初부터 濟州道의 農耕地가 中山間地方으로 急激하게 增大되어가고 있으나 大部分의 農耕地는 海岸地方에 分布되어 있다. 따라서 山間地方 및 中山間地方의 土壤은 火山灰土의 一般的인 問題點을 갖고 있으나 耕作年代가 오래된 海岸地方 土壤일수록 pH, 鹽基飽和度, 有效燐酸, 置換性 Ca, Mg 및 K 含量이 높으며, 有機物 含量 및 陽이온置換容量은 낮아지는 傾向이다. 이러한 傾向은 集約的인 營農方法에 依해 經營되고 있는 柑橘園 土壤에서 더욱 현저하다. 柑橘園의 耕作年代가 오래될수록 土壤의 有效燐酸 含量 뿐만 아니라 置換性 Ca, Mg 및 K 含量이 增加하고 있으며, 陽이온置換容量은 柑橘園의 耕作年代에 따른 變化가 거의 없는데 反하여 置換性 鹽基 含量이 增加하므로 鹽基飽和度가 높아지고 따라서 pH가 높아지고 있다. 石灰나 燐酸 施用에 依해 含量 減少가 거의 없는 것으로 알려진 置換性 Al 및 活性 Al 含量은 柑橘園의 耕作年代가 오래될수록 현저하게 減少되고 있다. 置換性 Al 含量 減少는 主로 pH 增加에 基因되나 活性 Al 含量 減少는 主로 燐酸肥料의 多量 施用에 基因된다. 따라서 有效燐酸 含量이 極히 낮은 深土에서는 活性 Al이 有機物 含量 및 pH(NaF)와 高度로 有意한 상관관계가 있으나 表土에서는 상관이 낮다. Cheju Do is a volcanic Island. The valcanic eruptions began in the tertiary and the last eruptions were in 1002 and 1007 A.D. Volcanic ash is wide spread as soil parent material throughout the Island. Soils in the Island thus reveal typical characteristics of volcanic ash soil. The soils in Cheju Island are classified into 5 orders, 10 suborders, 12 great groups, 30 subgroups, 47 families and 64 series. For convenience, however, these soils are categorized mainly into 4 groups : dark brown soils(17.0%), very dark brown soils(41.4%), black soils(21.6%) and brown forest soils(13.9%), The last two groups have typical characteristics of volcanic ash soils, while the first is atypical. It is well known to farmers that soils in the Island have very high phosphate fixing capacity. Heavy application of phosphate and potassium fertilizer is a common practice. Therfore the amount of chemical fertilizers consumed per unit area of cultivated land and the ratios of ?? and K₂O to N in Chemical fertilizers applied are much higher in the Cheju Island than those of the Korean mainland. These trends are particularly prominant in Southern Cheju where 70% of the Cheju citrus orchards are located. The coastal area has long been used for intensive farming and some of the midmountain region were recently reclaimed for agricultural crop production. The cation exchange capacity and the organic matter in the soils increase in the order of coastal area mid-mountain belt upper mountain area, while pH, base saturation, available phosphorus and exchangeable bases decrease with the elevation. These trends are especially prominant in citrus orchard soils. As the result of heavy application of phosphate fertilizers, the available phosphorus of citrus orchard soils increase with increasing number of years of cultivation. Base saturation and pH increase with the increase in number of years of cultivation, inasmuch as exchangeable bases such as Ca, Mg and K increase prominantly, but the cation exchange capacity do not vary in the citrus orchard soils. The exchangeable Al of the citrus orchard soils decrease with increasing number of years of cultivation. This has resulted from an increase in pH. The content of the extractable Al of the citrus orchard soils also decrease with the increase in number of years of cultivation. This is related to the fact that application of phosphate fertilizers led to a reduction in Al activity. The extractable Al content strongly correlated with the organic matter and pH(NaF) in the sub-soil where the available phosphorus is extremely low, but the correlation is less significant in the top soil. This suggests the large amounts of the extractable Al are released from the hydrous oxides of Al and that the organically complexed form in the sub-soil, and non-extractable due to the reactions with phosphates applied to the top soil.