『철쭉제』의 유해 찾기, 장례 모티프의 상징적 의미와 해한 구조에 대한 연구

이순옥(Lee soon ok),임선애(Lim seon ae) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.4

『철쭉제』는 불효의 한을 심리적 기제로 하여 아버지의 유해 찾기와 유해의 안장의례가 중심서사를 이루는 작품으로 죽음과 재생의 제의 구조를 통해 한을 극복한 조화의 세계를 보여준다. 본 연구는 문순태의 『철쭉제』에 나타난 효 의식을 고찰하고 아버지의 유해 찾기 모티프와 장례의례 모티프를 통한 해한의 제의 구조를 고찰한다. 문순태의 『철쭉제』의 핵심 서사는 아버지의시신을 찾아 장례를 치러 효를 다하려는 아들의 엿새 동안의 지리산 등정으로 구성되며, 전반부서사는 나의 아버지에 대한 불효의 한과 한의 해소로 구성되고, 후반부 서사는 ‘나’와 ‘박판돌’ 가족의 비극적인 가족사로 구성된다. 특히 작품의 중심 모티프인 유해 찾기 모티프는 망자의 한을위로하는 의례로 기능하며, 인물 간에 소통의 통로를 마련하여 화해의 국면으로 전환하는 계기가된다. 또한 과거라는 시간 속에 봉인된 조부와 부친의 숨겨진 진실이 드러나면서 주인공의 참회와반성의 계기가 마련된다. 반면 제의 모티프는 죽음을 통한 재생의 과정을 구현하여, 어긋난 세계를 새로운 조화의 세계로 출발하게 한다. ‘철쭉꽃’이 가진 신성성을 매개로 베풀어지는 제의는곧 혼돈의 세계에서 질서를 부여하여 상실된 에너지를 회복하는 역할을 한다. 『철쭉제』는 개인의생의 위기, 집단의 총체적 위기를 극복하고 새로운 희망, 새로운 질서를 탄생시키는 제의에 대한소설적인 기술이다. 『철쭉제』는 효라는 유교적 가치, 유해 찾기, 상 제례를 모티프로 통해 죽음-재생의 세계를 구현하는 제의로서 한 맺힘-한 풀림의 해한 구조를 서사화한 것이다. ”The Azalea Festival” is a work that consists of the central narrative of father’s search for the remains and the saddle ritual of the remains, based on the psychological basis of the ill-fated resentment, and shows the world of harmony that overcame it through the structure of death and regeneration. The core narrative of Moon Soon-tae’s “The Azalea Festival” consists of the six-day climb of Jirisan Mountain, where he tries to find his father’s body and perform a funeral, and the second half of the story consists of the tragic family history of “I” and “Park Pan-dol. In particular, the find remains motif, which is the central motif of the work, serves as a rite of consolation for the deceased, and provides a channel of communication between the characters to change the phase of reconciliation. In addition, the hidden truth of the grandfather and father sealed in the time of the past is revealed, providing an opportunity for the main character’s penance and reflection. On the other hand, the motif of the offering embodies the process of regeneration through death, starting a new world of harmony. The offer, which is carried out through the medium of the sacredness of the azalea flower, serves to restore lost energy by giving order in the world of chaos. “The Royal Azalea Festival” is an epic story about the Confucian values of filial piety, the search for dead bodies, and the ritual for mourning through motifs, which unravels the resentment of being united and united.

Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity of (R/S)-Mecoprop [2-(2-Methyl-4- Chlorophenoxy)Propionic Acid]-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soils

Lim, Jong-Sung,Jung, Mee-Kum,Kim, Mi-Soon,Ahn, Jae-Hyung,Ka, Jong-Ok The Microbiological Society of Korea 2004 The journal of microbiology Vol.42 No.2

Twelve mecoprop-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil samples, and their genetic and phenotypic characteristics were investigated. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the isolates were related to members of the genus Sphingomonas. Ten different chromosomal DNA patterns were obtained by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences from the 12 isolates. The isolates were found to be able to utilize the chiral herbicide meco-prop as a sole source of carbon and energy. While seven of the isolates were able to degrade both (R)-and (S)-mecoprop, four isolates exhibited enantioselective degradation of the (S)-type and one isolate could degrade only the (R)-enantiomer. All of the isolates were observed to possess plasmid DNAs. When certain plasmids were removed from isolates MPll, MP15, and MP23, those strains could no longer degrade mecoprop. This compelling result suggests that plasmid DNAs, in this case, conferred the ability to degrade the herbicide. The isolates MP13, MP15, and MP24 were identified as the same strain; however, they exhibited different plasmid profiles. This indicates that these isolates acquired dif-ferent mecoprop-degradative plasmids in different soils through natural gene transfer.

Comparative study of the linkage disequilibrium of an ENCODE region, chromosome 7p15, in Korean, Japanese, and Han Chinese samples

Lim, Jiyoung,Kim, Young Joo,Yoon, Yongsook,Kim, Soon Ok,Kang, HyoJin,Park, Jungsun,Han, A. Reum,Han, Bokghee,Oh, Burmseok,Kimm, Kyuchan,Yoon, Bangwon,Song, Kyuyoung Elsevier 2006 Genomics Vol.87 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The extent and pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the human genome provide important information for disease gene mapping. Previous studies have shown that LDs vary depending on chromosomal regions and populations. As the Asian samples of the International HapMap Project consisted of Japanese and Chinese populations, it was of interest whether we could use the HapMap data as a reference to carry out association studies of common complex diseases in a closely related population, such as Koreans. We have compared the LD and recombination patterns defined by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ENCODE region ENm010, chromosome 7p15.2, in Korean, Japanese, and Chinese samples and further tested the robustness of tagSNPs among the Asian samples. We genotyped 792 SNPs in 500 kb (chromosome 7: 26699793–27199792, NCBI build 34) from 90 unrelated Koreans by fluorescence polarization detection and compared the data with Asian data from the HapMap project. Despite some differences in the position of high LD region boundaries, the overall patterns of LD were remarkably similar across the three samples, reflecting strong genetic affinities among them. Furthermore, the haplotype tag SNP transferability across the three samples was greater than 90%. Our results support the initial suggestion that the populations genotyped in the HapMap project might serve as reference populations for the selection of tagSNPs in association studies [The International HapMap Consortium, The International HapMap Project, Nature 426 (2003) 789–796. <ce:cross-ref refid='bib1'>[1]</ce:cross-ref>].</P>

Purification and characterization of a levanase from Streptomyces sp. 366L

Lim, Young Soon,Kang, Soo Kyung,Lee, Sang Ok,Lee, Jae Dong,Lee, Tae Ho 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1998 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.14 No.-

A levanase-producing microorganism was isolated from soil and identified as genus Streptomyces. The enzyme was purtified to homogeneity by several procedures including ammonium sulface fractionation,DEAE-Toyopearl 650M ion exchange chromatography, phenyl-Toyopearl 650M hydrophobic chromatography. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and hydroxylamide adsorption chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 78000 by SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and 80000 by gel filtration. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was pH 4.1 and activity was optimal at pH7.0 and 40℃. In 30min reactions, the enzyme was stable at the pH range of 6.0-10.0 at 20℃ and remained stable up to 45℃ at pH7.0. The enzyme hydrolyzed levan to produce levanheptaose predominantly and showed an absolute substrate specificity for levan. When incubated with levans from Serratia sp. and Zynomonas mobilis, the enzyme hydrolyzed about 81 and 61%, repectively.ⓒ 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.All rights reserved.

Effects of Caffeine on the Heart microsomal(Mg^2++Ca^2+)-ATPase activity

Lim, Byung-Hwan,Kim, Wan-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Ok,Park, Young-Soon 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1987 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.2

본 실험은 Caffeine 이 개의 심근소포체(Ca^2+ -Mg^2+) -ATPase 활성에 미치는 영향을 보았다. 그 결과 Caffein은 심근소포체의 (Ca^2+ -Mg^2+) -ATPase 활성을 촉진시켜 주며, Ca^2+을 심근소포체 내부로 흡수시키는데 촉진에너지가 사용되어지는 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 촉진기작은 Caffeine 분자가 ATPase에 작용하여 allosteric효과를 일으켜 ATP분자와 ATPase 와의 친화력을 증진시켜주며 활성화에너지를 낮추어 주기 때문으로 보여진다. General properties of the heart microsomal (Mg^2+ -Ca^2+) -ATPase and the effects of caffeine on the enzyme isolated from dog cardiac muscle were investigated in the present experiment. The results demonstrate that the enzyme activity was investigated in the presence of caffeine (1mM). The effects of activation on the enzyme were analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk and Arrhenius plot. And the mechanism of activation of the caffeine on the enzyme was suggested by increasing the affinity between allosteric site of the enzyme and ATP. Therefore, the energy of activation was decreased in the presence of caffeine

Changes in Protein Patterns of Radish Cotyledon Induced by Cold Treatment

Soon Ok Moon,Kwang Lae Lim,Bong Heuy Cho 생화학분자생물학회 1994 BMB Reports Vol.27 No.3

To understand changes in gene expression during cold acclimation electrophoretic profiles of proteins induced by cold treatment of fall radish cotyledons were analyzed. Treatment at 10℃ and 6℃ resulted in an increased amount of several proteins with molecular weights of 25, 42, 52, and 61 kDa. The relative concentrations of these proteins were also increased in spring radish cotyledons after cold treatment. Changes in nuclear proteins during cold treatment were also studied. The most prominent change was observed in a 16 kDa nuclear protein which exhibited an increased concentration after a 4 day treatment at 6℃. When radish was treated with 75 μM ABA at 20℃, the concentration of extra 20 kDa protein, in addition to the proteins mentioned above, increased. These results suggest that these proteins may have an important role in cold acclimation of radish cotyledons.

Effects of Body Build on Metabolic and Physiological Function in Men and Athletes

Ok Hee Lee,Soon Gill Lim,Jung Hee Lee 한국영양학회 1999 Nutritional Sciences Vol.2 No.2

Two Novel Families of Short Interspersed Repetitive Elements from the Mud Loach (Misgurnus mizolepis)

Lim, Hak-Seob,Kim, Moo-Sang,Kim, Ok-Soon,Kim, Ji-Yeon,Choi, Young-Mi,Ahn, Sang Jung,Lee, Hyung-Ho The Korean Society for Marine Biotechnology 2006 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.1 No.3

짧은 집단 반복 요소 (Short Interspersed Repetitive Elements, SINE) 는 수백개 정도의 염기로 구성된 반복염기서열로서 LINE (Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements)와 함께 바이러스와는 구별되는 레트로트랜스포존 (Retrotransposon)의 하나로 알려져 있다. 이들의 생체 내 역할은 정확하게 밝혀진 것은 없지만 게놈 내에서 반복염기서열의 재배열을 통해 완전히 새로운 유전자를 창조하거나 기존의 유전자를 변형시킴으로써 유전물질의 운반수단 및 진화적 변화에 있어서 중요한 역할을 할 것이라 예상되며, 질병의 원인이 된다고도 밝혀져 있다. 본 연구에서는 미꾸라지로부터 SINE의 새로운 두 그룹을 분리하였다. 두 SINE 그룹, mlSINE-L과 mlSINE-S는 각각 약 410bp와 270bp의 염기로 구성되어 있다. 두 SINE 그룹의 5'과 3'말단의 서열은 RSg-1와 SmaI SINE 의 그것과 높은 유사도를 보였다. 계통발생분석결과, mlSINE들은 미꾸라지에서 유일하였으며, dot blot hybridization의 결과는 mlSINE-L이 미꾸라지 게놈 $2{\times}10^9bp$ (2.8 pg)당 $1{\times}10^3$ copy를 가지는 것으로 추정되며, loop DNA보다 핵기질부착부위 (nuclear matrix attachment regions, MARs)에서 그 분포도가 높았다. 이런 결과는 미꾸라지의 새로운 SINE 들이 핵기질 부착부위 내에서나 혹은 가까운 주변에 우선적으로 삽입될 수 있음을 나타낸다. Short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) are dispersed throughout eukaryotic genomes. These SINEs have been shown to be excellent phylogenetic markers for the closed related species. In this report, we isolated two novel families of SINEs from the mud loach. The two SINE families, mlSINE-L and mlSINE-S, have genomic lengths of about 410bp and 270bp, respectively. 5' and 3' ends of the SINE families are well conserved and highly homologous to each of corresponding ends of RSg-1 and SmaI SINEs. Phylogenetic analysis shows that mlSINEs are unique to the mud loach. A dot blot hybridization experiment shows that mlSINE-L has an estimated copy number of $1{\times}10^3$ per $2{\times}10^9bp$ (2.8 pg) and is more frequently distributed at nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) than loop DNAs. The result suggests that mlSINEs may preferentially integrate in or near MARs.

Effects of Body Build on Metabolic and Physiological Function in Men and Athletes - 1. Especially on the Metabolic Function -

Lee, Ok-Hee,Lim, Soon-Gill,Lee, Jung-Hee The Korean Nutrition Society 1999 Nutritional Sciences Vol.2 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate influence of body build on body composition, energy metabolic state and insulin concentration of blood. 29 male athletes and 36 male non-athletic students were recruited for the study. Anthropometry including chest depth and breadth, fat mass, fat fee mass, tricep skinfold thickness were measured. fasting glucose, lactate, triglyceride, fee fatty acid, and insulin concentration in serum were measured . Body build was assessed using metric index, which calculated by regression equations of Mohr and Greil. The athletic and non-athletic students were allocated to 3 body build, that is leptomorph, mesomorph, and pyknomorph. Resting metabolic rate was calculated. Respiratory quotient was determined through ratio of measured VO$_2$, and V$CO_2$. Most non-athletes have a leptomorphic body build, in contrast to athletes mesomorphic type. The body build type influenced body composition differently between non-athletic group and athletic group. Weight, body mass index, body fat mass and fat mass proportion (%), and fat-free mass increased from leptomorph to pyknormorph in non-athletic group. Pyknormorphic athletes have a significant higher body mass index, fat mass, fat free mass than other body build type. Serum glucose, triglyceride, lactate, insulin showed significant differences only in non-athletic group between leptomorph and mesomorph. RMR increased significantly from leptomorph to mesomorph in non-athletes. There was no significant difference of RQ among 3 body build types in both athletes and non-athletes. This study gives a coherent data on body build and body composition for athletes and non-athletes students. The influence of body builds on energy metabolic status of serum was different between athletes and non-athletes.

유전자 영상용 HSV1-TK 기질의 합성

안순혁(Soon Hyuk Ahn),최창운(Chang Woon Choi),임상무(Sang Moo Lim),오옥두(Ok Doo Awh),최태현(Tae Hyun Choi) 대한핵의학회 2002 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.36 No.2

목적: 유전자 치료에서, 종양세포에 herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase 유전자를 발현시키고 이에 민감한 prodrug을 전신투여하여 발현된 종양세포에 특이적으로 집적되는 방법은 매우 효육적인 바업이다. 대표적인 prodrug인, IVDU, IVFRU는 herpes simplex virus type 1의 비침습적 영상화 방법에 응용되는 방사옥소 표지가능 화합물이다. 재료 및 방법: Trans-1-trimethylsilyl-2-tri-n-butylstannylethylene과 uridine 변형체상의 iodo-uracil을 Pd촉매하에서 반응시켜 표지전구체인 5-trimethylvinyl-deoxy-uridine과 5-trimethylsilylvinyl-deoxy-fluororibofuranosyl uracil을 합성하였다. 이것을 column chromatography의 방법으로 분리 정제하였다. 합성한 각 전구체를 ICl 담체를 이용하여 높은 수율로 표지하였고, HPLC를 사용하여 분리하였다. Radiohalogen exchange 방법은 비방사능을 낮게 할수록 표지에 효율적으로 알려져 있다. 이 방법으로 ICl 방법을 사용하여 담체를 포함하는 높은 방사능의 화합물을 얻을 수 있다. 결과: IVDU와 IVFRU 표지를 위한 전구체 합성수율은 각각 43, 72% 였다. ICl로 담체를 이용한 표지방법을 사용하여 IVDU와 IVFRU 표지수율은 98% 이상이었다. 결론: HSV1-tk를 이용한 유전자 영상용 기질의 전구체를 성공적으로 합성하였고, 95% 이상의 높은 표지수율의 유전자 영상용 방사성 추적자를 성공적으로 제조하였다. Purpose: In gene therapy, tumor cells expressing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase are sensitive to prodrugs. Potential prodrugs IVDU and IVFRU were synthesized and radiolabeled with radiodine for noninvasive imaging of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression. Material and Methods: 5-(2-trimethysilyl)vinyl-2`-deoxyuridine and 5-t(2-trimethylsilyl-2`-fluoro-2`-deoxyuridine, precursors of 5-(2-iodo)viny 1-2`-deoxy uridine(IVDU) and 5-(2-iodo)-2`-vinyl-2`-deoxy-2`-fluororibofuranosyl uracil(IVFRU), were synthesized from reaction of trans-1-trimethylsillyl-2-tri-n-butylstannylethylene with 5-iodo-2`-deoxyuridine and 5-iodo-2`-fluoro-2`-deoxyuridine, respectively, on the condition of Pd catalyst. These precursors were separated from reaction mixture by silica gel column chromatography method. Each precursor was radioiodinated with radioiodine by mixing with ICl oxidizing agent. These radioiodinated compounds were purified with HPKC. Radiohalogen exchange has been shown to be effective for the synthesis of products with lower specific activity. Similarly, carrier-added and high specific activity products have been isolated in respectable radiochemical yields using ICl method. Results: Synthetic yield of precursors, IVDU and IVFRU were 43% and 18%, respectively. Radiochemical purity of both compunds was over 98%. Conclusion: We synthesized precursors of IVDU and IVFRU for monitoring of HSV1-tk gene expression. Radiotracers were radioiodinated with high radiolabeling yield by ICl method. (Korean J Nucl Med 2002;36;102-109)