천연과즙쥬스의 Anthocyanin 색소 안정성

심순미,김건희 德成女子大學校 1998 德成女大論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Anthocyanin pigment is extensively extensively distributed in fruit juices shich are popular to consumer owing to valuable components such as vitamin, mineral, fiber, enzymes etc. Anthocyanin is using for detecting adulteration adn quality factor of fruit juices. So, research on the stability of anthocyanin is actively progressing not only using natural colorants also improving quality of fruit juices. And anthocyanin have only recently begun to be regarded as biologically active substances as well as colrants. Morever, fruits such as pear, apple, grape, plum which are widely produced in Korea containing more anthocyanins than any other pigments. However major problem associated with the storage of anthocyanin is their unstability, caused by certain enzymes, pH, temperature, metal complex, copigments.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

Morphological and Histological Changes in Photoaged Hairless Mice Induced by Phellodendrin cortex Water Extract Application

Young-Chul Kim, In-Soon Bae, Mi-Ja Shim, Mi-Soon Park 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the alleviating effects of Phellodendrin cortex water extract (PCWE) on skin aging in hairless mice via observation of morphogical and histological changes. Skin aging was induced by UVB irradiation and application of squalene monohydroperoxide (Sq-OOH) to the back skin of hairless mice for six weeks. And, at the same time, saline (C), jojoba oil (VC), PCWE (E), and 0.01% retinoic acid diluted with polyethylene glycol (PC) were applied topically twice per day, six days per week, for a period of six weeks. Improved wrinkle formation in a pattern of shallow furrows and thin and narrow crests was observed in the retinoic acid and PCWE application groups, compared to the C group. On the morphologic analysis for skin wrinkles, the E group showed lower levels in skin roughness, maximum roughness, average roughness, smoothness depth, and arithmetic average roughness by 13.1, 17.2, 18.4, 15.4, and 16.1%, respectively, compared with the C group, indicating that PCWE inhibited potential formation of wrinkles in the skin. In the C group, structures of lipid lamellae and collagen fibers were broken or deformed with an irregular arrangement. Application of retinoic acid and PCWE protected against the deformity of lipid lamellae and collagen fibers. Elastic fibers in dermis of the C group also showed severe transformation; however, applications of retinoic acid and PCWE resulted in a significant decrease in the number of denatured elastic fibers. Therefore, PCWE could have an alleviating effect on skin aging induced by UVB irradiation and application of Sq-OOH.

Comparison of Volatile and Non-volatile Compounds as Antioxidant Indicators of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)

Shim, Soon-Mi The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemisty 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.2

Profiling of volatile and non-volatile compounds in stems and leaves of water spinach was performed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) method after derivatization. Antioxidant activity was measured by both 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu total phenol assay. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed to determine the most important volatile and non-volatile compounds with antioxidant activity in both stem and leaf of water spinach. Phytosterol (26.97 and 19.78%), terpene (5.71 and 7.73%), phenolic compounds (3.87 and 2.66%) and Vit E (2.52 and 2.26%) were found to be major volatile compounds in both stem and leaf of water spinach, respectvely. Among the non-volatile compounds, significant amounts of amino acids (31.48 and 18.83%), sugar and sugar alcohol (32.17 and 18.58%), and fatty acids (7.07 and 26.39%) were found in stem and leaf of water spinach, respectively. DPPH free radical-scavenging effect in stem (92.11%) was higher than that in leaf (84.03%), whereas, electron-reducing capacity was higher in leaf (287.45 ${\mu}g$ GAE/mL) than in stem (216.45 ${\mu}g$ GAE/mL). Results show that water spinach exerts antioxidant activity via volatile compounds (phytosterol) in stems and non-volatile compounds (amino acids, acids, sugar alcohols) in leaves.

Identification of Carotenoid Oxidation Products in Pigment Extracts from Star Ruby Grapefruit Pulp at Different Temperatures with Exposure to Light

Shim, Soon-Mi,Kim, Gun-Hee The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2001 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.6 No.1

Pigment extracts obtained from Star Ruby grapefruit pulp were stored at different temperatures (4.5$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$) and exposed to light. many carotenoid oxidation products were formed due to light-exposure during storage periods. They were monitored by using HPLC with photodiode array detection and tentatively identified. Including (all-E)-lycopene and trans-$\beta$-carotene as predominant carotenoids in red grapefruit, 5Z-lycopene, 9Z-lycopene, 13Z-lycopene, and 15-cis-$\beta$-carotene were formed at 4.5$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$. Degradation of all-tarns lycopene was more susceptible to light-exposure and temperature a than that of all-trans $\beta$-carotene. The formation of lycopene cis isomers was favored under lighted condition. Respectively, (5Z)-lycopene was formed in greater amounts than other isomers at 23$^{\circ}C$ storage. The concentration of 15-cis-$\beta$-carotene was significantly increased during storage at 23$^{\circ}C$ storage. The concentration of 15-cis-$\beta$-carotene was significantly increased during storage at 23$^{\circ}C$.

Erratum to: Profiling of fermentative metabolites in Kimchi: Volatile and non-volatile organic acids

Shim, Soon-Mi,Kim, Ji Yun,Lee, Sang Mi,Park, Jin-Byung,Oh, Sea-Kwan,Kim, Young-Suk Springer-Verlag 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry Vol.55 No.5

Chelating Effect of Leek (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) Containing Chlorophyll on Cd, Pb, and As

Shim, Soon-Mi The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemisty 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.2

Effect of leek (Chinese chive) on bioaccessibility of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) was determined in comparison with sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) using in vitro digestion model. Leek (0, 6, 12, 60, and 120 mg) and SCC (0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 mg) were digested with equal concentration (10 ppm) of As, Cd, and Pb. Concentration of each heavy metal in aqueous phase following in vitro digestion was measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Changes in absorbance spectra of chlorophyll extracted from leek and SCC by heavy metals were measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after mixing. Results showed that the concentration of each heavy metal in aqueous phase decreased with increasing amounts of leek and SCC. At the highest level of leek (120 mg), the concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb decreased to 93.9, 87.1, and 58.2%, respectively. Absorbance of chlorophyll drastically decreased after 1 h of mixing with each As, Cd, and Pb, and no difference in the absorbance was observed after 2 and 3 h. This result indicates that mixing chlorophyll extracted from leek with each heavy metal for 1 h was sufficient for chelating As, Cd, and Pb ions. On the other hand, SCC and each heavy metal showed a decreasing pattern of absorbance without any significant difference for 3 h, indicating that chlorophyll from leek was more effective than SCC, a commercial grade chlorophyll derivative, in chelating As, Cd, and Pb. Results showed leek reduces heavy metals in humans.

꽃향유(Elsholtzia splendens) 추출물의 안전성 평가 : 급성독성과 돌연변이성 평가

Shim, Soon-Mi,Choi, Mi-Hee,Kim, Gun-He 덕성여자대학교 대학원 2007 덕성여자대학교 대학원 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

Much attention is recently gained for Elsholtzia splendens extracts and issue on their usage is raised due to their healthful properties. However, there is no sufficient background information on toxicological evaluation of Elsholtzia splendens extracts to give an assurance of safety for developing dietary supplements and functional foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate safety on Elsholtzia splendens extracts using acute oral toxicity, bacterial reverse mutation, and chromosome aberration test. Total flavonoids within Elsholtzia splendens were extracted with 80% of methanol by a reflux condenser. Both female and male mice were orally administrated Elsholtzia splendens extracts at the doseof 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. Mutagenicity of the extracts was evaluated in a bacterial reverse mutation assay using histidine-requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537) and tryptophan-requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). In vitrochromosome aberration assay in Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) was conducted to evaluate genotoxicity. Single administration of dose levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day to mice for 15 days did not produce any significant mortality, clinical signs, body weight loss, and gross findings. Elsholtzia splendens extracts in the range of 156.3-5000 μg/plate did not induce mutagenicity in S. typhimurium and E. coli with and without metabolic activation system. Any significant chromosomal aberration was not observed in CHL cells 6 hrs after treating with the extract at the concentrations of 1250, 2500, and 5000 μg/mL in absence and presence of metabolic activation system. However, frequency of chromosomal aberration in 22 hrs after treatment without metabolic activation system was increased with showing a pattern of dose-response relationship. The highest concentration of 5000 μg/mL significantly induced chromosomal aberration. Elsholtzia splendens extracts may induce chromosomal structure abnormality in CHL cells. This study suggests that further study is needed to assess the potential genotoxic effects of Elsholtzia splendens extracts.

Identification of Carotenoid Oxidation Products in Pigment Extracts from Star Ruby Grapefruit Pulp at Different Temperatures with Exposure to Light

Soon-Mi Shim,Gun-Hee Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2001 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.6 No.1

Pigment extracts obtained from Star Ruby grapefruit pulp were stored at different temperatures (4.5℃, 23℃) and exposed to light. Many carotenoid oxidation products were formed due to light-exposure during storage periods. They were monitored by using HPLC with photodiode array detection and tentatively identified. Including (all-E)-Iycopene and trans-β-carotene as predominant carotenoids in red grapefruit, 5Z-Iycopene, 9Z-lycopene, 13Z-lycopene, and 15-cis-β-carotene were formed at 4.5℃, 23℃. Degradation of all-trans Iycopene was more susceptible to light-exposure and temperature than that of all-trans β-carotene. The formation of Iycopene cis isomers was favored under lighted condition. Respectively, (5Z)-Iycopene was formed in greater amounts than other isomers at 23℃ storage. The concentration of 15-cis-β-carotene was significantly increased during storage at 23℃.

Texture Properties and Radical Scavenging Ability of Porridge Products Based on Beans, Grains, and Nuts

Shim, Soon-Mi,Lim, Seung-Yong The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.1

Textural and sensory properties and radical scavenging ability of rice and cereal-based porridges such as beans, nuts, and grains were examined. Textural properties of the porridges, including hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, and gumminess, were determined using a TA-XT2 texture analyzer. For the sensory evaluation, thirty-five volunteers participated in the randomized incomplete block design. The 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method was carried out to determine the radical scavenging ability of the porridges. Cereal-based porridges added with beans, grains, and nuts appeared to be less hard and sticky than plain rice porridges. Overall sensory acceptabilities for black rice, walnut, and pine-nut porridges were higher than those for plain rice porridges. Pine-nut, walnut, grain porridge such as wild sesame, black rice, and mixed grains provide strong radical-scavenging ability compared to plain rice porridges. Our results suggest that cereal-based porridge prepared with beans, grains, and nuts are nutritious and palatable substitute food for people with chewing difficulty.