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폐암 및 결핵성 흉막염에서 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor의 임상적 의의
임병국 ( Im Byeong Gug ),오윤정 ( O Yun Jeong ),신승수 ( Sin Seung Su ),이규성 ( Lee Gyu Seong ),박광주 ( Park Gwang Ju ),황성철 ( Hwang Seong Cheol ),이이형 ( Lee I Hyeong ),최진혁 ( Choe Jin Hyeog ),임호영 ( Im Ho Yeong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2001 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.50 No.2
Interleukin and Interleukin Receptor Diversity: Role of Alternative Splicing
Sahoo, Anupama,Im, Sin-Hyeog Informa UK Ltd 2010 International reviews of immunology Vol.29 No.1
<P><I>Alternative splicing is a fine-tuned process known for generating multiple functional variants from individual genes leading to protein diversity. The immune system utilizes pre-mRNA splicing to expand its gene function. Numerous immunologically relevant genes have been found to undergo alternative splicing, thus revealing a new source of complexity in the immune gene network. This review attempts to summarize the general features of alternative splicing and its role in the immune system along with a special focus on the available reports of alternative splicing in cytokines, mainly interleukins and their receptors and their regulatory significance.</I></P>
Sharma, Garima,Im, Sin-Hyeog The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical 2018 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.10 No.6
<P>The prevalence of allergic disorders has dramatically increased over the past decade, particularly in developed countries. Apart from gastrointestinal disorders, neoplasia, genital and dermatological diseases <I>etc</I>., dysregulation of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) has also been found to be associated with increased risk of allergies. Probiotics are increasingly being employed to correct dysbiosis and, in turn, to modulate allergic diseases. However, several factors like strain variations and effector metabolites or component of them in a bacterial species can affect the efficacy of those as probiotics. On the other hand, host variations like geographical locations, food habits <I>etc</I>. could also affect the expected results from probiotic usage. Thus, there is a glaring deficiency in our approach to establish probiotics as an irrefutable treatment avenue for suitable disorders. In this review, we explicate on the reported probiotics and their effects on certain allergic diseases like atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma to establish their utility. We propose possible measures like elucidation of effector molecules and functional mechanisms of probiotics towards establishing probiotics for therapeutic use. Certain probiotics studies have led to very alarming outcomes which could have been precluded, had effective guidelines been in place. Thus, we also propose ways to secure the safety of probiotics. Overall, our efforts tend to propose necessary discovery and quality assurance guidelines for developing probiotics as potential immunomodulatory ‘Pharmabiotics.’</P>
Molecular Mechanisms Governing IL-24 Gene Expression
Sahoo, Anupama,Im, Sin-Hyeog The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2012 Immune Network Vol.12 No.1
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines and is well known for its tumor suppressor activity. This cytokine is released by both immune and nonimmune cells and acts on non-hematopoietic tissues such as skin, lung and reproductive tissues. Apart from its ubiquitous tumor suppressor function, IL-24 is also known to be involved in the immunopathology of autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Although the cellular sources and functions of IL-24 are being increasingly investigated, the molecular mechanisms of IL-24 gene expression at the levels of signal transduction, epigenetics and transcription factor binding are still unclear. Understanding the specific molecular events that regulate the production of IL-24 will help to answer the remaining questions that are important for the design of new strategies of immune intervention involving IL-24. Herein, we briefly review the signaling pathways and transcription factors that facilitate, induce, or repress production of this cytokine along with the cellular sources and functions of IL-24.
Differential Regulation of the IL-10 Gene in Th1 and Th2 T Cells
KANG, KYU-HO,IM, SIN-HYEOG Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2005 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1050 No.1
<P>Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an immunoregulatory cytokine, modulates the function of various immune and nonimmune cells, yet little information is available on the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation at the chromatin level. During T cell differentiation from naive T cells into Th1 and Th2 cells, the expression of IL-10 in Th1 cells slowly disappears, whereas Th2 cells produce more IL-10. We examined the chromatin structural changes associated with IL-10 gene transcription by naive and differentiated murine Th1 and Th2 cells. Naive T cells lack DNase I hypersensitivity (HS) sites in the vicinity of the IL-10 gene, whereas differentiated T cells display a strong 3' constitutive HS site as well as several inducible sites. In committed Th1 cells, the mechanism of IL-10 gene silencing is associated with a closed chromatin structure, the lack of an HS site at the promoter region, and the development of repressive histone modification near the IL-10 promoter and introns 3 and 4. We confirm that the majority of HS sites coincide with conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) identified by comparative genomic sequence alignment between human and mouse genomes. Potential transcription factor binding sites were located by comparing CNSs with the TRANSFAC database. Predicted in vivo binding of specific factors on the CNS locus were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Our results suggest that the combination of HS site and comparative genomic approaches allows identification of regulatory elements involved in differential IL-10 gene expression between Th1 and Th2 cells during T cell differentiation.</P>
Immune Disorders and Its Correlation with Gut Microbiome
Hwang, Ji-Sun,Im, Chang-Rok,Im, Sin-Hyeog The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2012 Immune Network Vol.12 No.4
Allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis and asthma are common hyper-immune disorders in industrialized countries. Along with genetic association, environmental factors and gut microbiota have been suggested as major triggering factors for the development of atopic dermatitis. Numerous studies support the association of hygiene hypothesis in allergic immune disorders that a lack of early childhood exposure to diverse microorganism increases susceptibility to allergic diseases. Among the symbiotic microorganisms (e.g. gut flora or probiotics), probiotics confer health benefits through multiple action mechanisms including modification of immune response in gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Although many human clinical trials and mouse studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics in diverse immune disorders, this effect is strain specific and needs to apply specific probiotics for specific allergic diseases. Herein, we briefly review the diverse functions and regulation mechanisms of probiotics in diverse disorders.