동북아 환경레짐 : 지속가능한 지역협력을 위한 촉매 A Catalyst for Sustainable Regional cooperation

이신화 고려대학교一民국제관계연구원 2002 국제관계연구 Vol.6 No.1

This paper recognizes the division between those who see the environment as an issue that can motivate actors to cooperate, and those who see historical memories and political rivalries as an impediment to regional problem solving. That is, there are two opposing views regarding the prospects of establishing a regional environment as a dependent variable of progress towards regionalism and suggest that regional environmental cooperation is impeded by political rivalries, historical animosities and economic disparities among Northeast Asian countries. The opposing view treats the environment as an independent variable of sustainable regionalism. The premise of this view is that inter-state environmental cooperation can become a confidence building measure that will pave the way for improved regional relations. Regardless of which view proves in the end to be right, the high environmental interdependence of countries in Northeast Asia makes it imperative to create a framework to promote greater cooperation within the region. Given that the region lacks institutions for region-wide dialogue and cooperation, the formation of an effective regional environmental regime will be a long-term process. However, the process itself is pivotal as it can increase dialogue and exchanges from which a regional environmental regime can evolve, and hopefully, if given the political opportunity, will promote security and peace in the region. Therefore, the most plausible scenario for the region is that environmental cooperation will continue to evolve and ultimately a Northeast Asian regime will form that can serve as a catalyst for broader-based cooperation in the region.

한반도에서의 예방외교와 조기경보 : The Case of the Korean Peninsula

이신화 고려대학교一民국제관계연구원 2003 국제관계연구 Vol.8 No.1

In preventing and effectively responding to post-Cold War conflicts and related humanitarian crises, early warning studies and measures of preventive diplomacy were actively pursued by researchers and policy-makers. Several research projects are currently underway with the objective of developing early warning concepts (i.e. "early warning of what") and models, which are generally derived from theories of causation, often with the anticipation of guiding future policies of preventive diplomacy. For example, the United Nations (UN) is now coordinating a global humanitarian early warning system with its mission of maintaining peace and security in the international arena, as well as conducting various activities for conflict prevention. In this context, this paper is intended to examine the significance of preventive diplomacy and early warning in international relations, with special reference to the case of the Korean peninsula. First, the paper will discuss the concepts of preventive diplomacy and early warning systems and examine how these concepts have developed in the international community since its conception. Second, while the threat from the reactivation of North Korea's nuclear program requires serious and coordinated attention from South Korea and the international community, it is also important to ensure that the North does not undergo what is commonly referred to as a "hard landing," or a sudden collapse. Also, we must remember. that humanitarian concerns are also intricately related to security issues as evidenced by the tensions raised by the incidents of North Korean "famine refugees" seeking asylum in foreign embassies in China. Under this context, this paper will emphasize the importance of early warning in both traditional and non-traditional security issues relevant to the Korean peninsula. Finally, this paper will suggest ways to conduct timely and effective early warning measures in the case of security or humanitarian crisis situations around the world, and the peninsula in particular.

충남대학교 기초과학분야의 효율적 육성에 관한 연구

윤화중,진성일,윤민중,윤혜수,이영하,최철규,이천배,신대현 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1986 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.2

Chungnam National University (CNU) is located in Daeduk Science Town, a center of science and technology in Korea, and it is expected to play an important role in the development of science in Korea. With this in mind, the basic natural sciences at CNU should be more actively supported in both education and research. Accordingly analysis and comparison of the basic science program at major college in Korea as well as those in the USA and Europe has been performed. The current cooperative relationship between CNU and research institutes in the science town has also been analyzed. This study has resulted in propositions to make more efficient the upbringing of the basic sciences at CNU, by focusing on the following points ; a) to improve academic affairs, b) to make graduate studies substantial, c) to secure highly qualified faculty members, d) to increase cooperation in research between CNU and reserch institutes, e) to enlarge research laboratories and acquire more equipment and facilities.

Box-Wilson 계획법에 의한 沈降炭酸칼슘의 製造條件에 關한 硏究

김영윤,신화우,최광식,안세민,이광표,장영수 원광대학교 식품약품안전성연구소 1993 食品藥品安全性硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Medicinal Precipitated Clacium Carbonate is prepared by the interaction of Calcium Chloride and Ammonium Carbonate Solutions in this study. It has been known that the particle size of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate is greatly affected by the concentration, temperature, and moli-ratio of reactant solutions as well as the temperature at which the precipitate is dried and the temperature of washing water. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum preparation Condition of medicinal Precipitated Calcium Carbonate. A randomized complete block design wuggested by G.E.P. Box and K.B.Wilson was for this purpose. The optimum preparation condition of light and fine precipitated Calcium Carbonate obtained from this study is as follows : 1) The reacting temperature range is 25∼45℃ 2) The concentration range of reactant solutions is 10∼30% 3) The optimum mole-ratio (CaCl/(NH) CO) is 1.0∼2.0. 4) The drying temperature range is 60∼80℃. 5) Temperature range of washing water is 25∼60℃.

珪酸마그네슘의 合成條件에 關한 硏究

전우정,신화우,최광식,안세민,이광표,장영수 원광대학교 식품약품안전성연구소 1993 食品藥品安全性硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Magesium twisilicate is mainly uaed as a nonsytemic antacid andabsrbent. Magnesium trisilicate when teeated with anacid sxuh as diluted hydrochloric acid in gastric juice decomposes to form Magnesium chloride and colloidal Silicates. 2MgO·3SiO_2 + 4Hcl - 2MgCl_2 + H_4Si_3O_8 (or 3SiO_2 + 2H_2O) Colloidal mixture The resultng colloidal silicates can protect ahe ulcer frdm further acid and peptic attack and possibly adsorb the pepsin. It is well known that yield of Magnesium trisilcate produced is greatly affected by the Synthesis condition such as the reactant concentration, reaction temperature and moleatio of reactant solutions as well as by the emperature at which the precipitate is dried and the temperature of washing water, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum synthesis conditions of Magnesium trisilicate. A randomized complete block design suggested by G.E.P. Bdx and K.B. Wagnesium sulfate solution with Sodium silicate solution in this study. It was found that optimal synthesis conditidns were: Reaction temperature range : 57-90 ℃. Concentration range of reactants (Sodium silicate and Magnesium sulfate) : 19.1-29% molar ratio of the reactants. [Sodium silicate]/[Magnesium sulfate]: 1.47-1.80. temperature range of washing water: 45-48℃ and drying temperature range: 65-82℃ The antacidic activity of five Magnesium trisilicate samples which shows the maximum antacidic efficacy was tested by pharmacopeia acid consuming capacity test. The five Magnesium trisilicate samples were samples were identified by chemical analysis.

Hydrotalcite의 製造條件에 關한 硏究

안세민,신화우,최광식,이광표,장영수 원광대학교 식품약품안전성연구소 1993 食品藥品安全性硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Hydrotalcite is mainly used as a antacid and adsorbent. It is Well Known that the yield of hydrotalcite produced is greatly affected by the preparation conbition such as the reactant concetration, reaction temperature, reaction time, mole ratio of reactants and grying tepeeature, etc. the purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum preparation condition of hydrotalcite. Arandomived complete block design suggested by G.E.P.Box and K.B. Wilson was appliedfor this purpose. Hydrotalcite was prepared by reacting sodium carbonate. Magnesium oxide and Aluminum sulfate solutions in this study. The optimum preparation condition of hydrotalcite obtained from this study is as follows: 1) The reaction temperature range is 48-63℃ 2) The concentration of reactant solutions is about 20% 3) The optimum mole-ratio (MgO/Al. sulfate) is 7.35-8.1. 4) The reacting time tatge is 10-11 min.. 5) The drying temperature range is 78-82℃ The outcome of D.S.C. indicated a desolvation of hydrotalcite occured at about 98℃ The dehydration of the compound ceased at about 250℃, and the decarboxylation ceased at about 446℃ The physical and chemical properties of hydrotalcite as medicine were studied by use of chemical analysis, bulk volume test and acid consuming capacity measurements.

저체중 또는 과체중 청소년에서 캠프 프로그램을 이용한 영양 교육효과에 관한 연구

성미경,승정자,류화춘,박재년,박동연,최미경,조경옥,최선혜,이윤신,김유경,이은주 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exercise habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education.

GO-18 : Distinct relapsed pattern between radical hysterectomy and radical trachelectomy in the treatment of early cervical cancer without lymph node metastasis

( Shin Wha Lee ),( Dae Yeon Kim ),( Jong Hyeok Kim ),( Young Man Kim ),( Young Tak Kim ),( Joo Hyun Nam ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.99 No.-

The objective of this study was to evaluate the oncologic and obstetrical outcomes of radical trachelectomy and to analyze the distinct relapsed pattern between radical hysterectomy and radical trachelectomy in the treatment of early cervical cancer without lymph node metastasis. Forty-one patients with early-stage cervical cancer were treated by laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (LRT) from October 2004 to December 2009. Data regarding clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence, and subsequent pregnancies were recorded. For the observation, 831 patients with early-stage cervical cancer were treated by laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 29 years (range 22-37 years) and stage IA2 or IB1 cervical cancer were treated by LRT. Mean tumor size was 1.7 cm (range 0.4-3.5 cm) and there was no perioperative complication. Six patients were recurred after the initial treatment (14.6%); the recurrence rate was relatively higher than in patients treated with radical hysterectomy for early cervical cancer without lymph node metastasis (3.6%). The relapsed sites were all loco-regional locations, uterus stump or pelvic lymph node in LRT patients, whereas distant metastases including paraaortic lymph node, liver and lung were more common in LRH patients. In conclusion, the relapsed pattern between radical hysterectomy and radical trachelectomy in the treatment of early cervical cancer without lymph node metastasis was obviously different. It is required to be cautious to prevent the dissemination of tumor cells in pelvic cavity.

Bringing Justice to the Killing Fields: The Intermestic Politics of the Cambodian Criminal Tribunal

Shin-wha Lee 한국평화연구학회 2007 평화학연구 Vol.8 No.2

Is the Liberal International Order at Risk? : Causes and Remedies

( Shin-wha Lee ) 한국세계지역학회 2019 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.37 No.2

제2차 세계대전 이후 미국 주도로 이루어진 자유주의 국제질서(LIO)가 위기에 처해있다는 우려의 목소리가 크다. 그 주요인으로 독재적, 권위주의적, 민족주의적 성향을 보이는 비자유주의적인 중국과 러시아의 부상을 꼽는데, 이와 더불어 LIO는 자유 민주주의 국가들 자체적으로도 심각한 문제를 야기하고 있다. 특히 반이민/반난민을 주창하는 대중들과 포퓰리스트 정치가 들은 오랫동안 다양성과 포용 등을 통해 통합과 안정의 기반을 추구해온 자유주의 국제주의를 약화시키고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 LIO는 개인의 자유, 인권, 법치, 협력, 투명성 및 진보와 같은 기본 가치를 주창하는 한 지구상에서 쉽게 사라지지는 않을 것이고, 또 사라져서도 안될 것이다. 왜냐하면 LIO에 대한 이러한 도전들이 해결되지 않고, 비자유주의적 질서를 주창하는 세력이 지배하는 국제사회의 질서는 훨씬 더 불안정적이고 위험할 것이기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 “왜 국제사회는 다자간 협력 및 관련 규칙과 규범을 갱신 및 강화함으로써 LIO의 지속을 추구해야 하는가?”라는 질문을 제기하고, 그 정당성을 제시하고 해결방안을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 덧붙여 주목할 것은 본 연구가 국제관계에 있어 신자유제도주의적 관점을 토대로 하나, 국제정치의 경쟁적, 갈등적 요소를 강조하는 정치현실 주의를 포괄하는 관점과 논점을 펴고 있다는 점이다. The threats to the liberal international order (LIO) are most likely to come from the rise and resurgence of the non-liberal, authoritarian powers, i.e. China and Russia, which have been moving toward more autocratic, personalistic, nationalistic, and corporative directions. But the LIO appears to have been significantly challenged by developments within liberal democratic states themselves. Divisions in liberal democracies and populist uprisings have weakened liberal internationalism that has long served as a basis of solidarity and stability among like-minded Western states. Nevertheless, the LIO will not be toppled so easily, as its fundamental values such as basic liberties, rule of law, cooperation, transparency, and progress continue to appeal to many societies and states across the globe. Even so, should these challenges against the LIO remain unaddressed, an increasingly illiberal international order may form into being, and such an order is likely to be less stable and more perilous for those involved. As such, this paper presents the argument that the most urgent issue to solve in order to ‘save’ the LIO is to address the challenges that confront liberal institutions and multilateral rules. In such context, this paper presents a question: “Why must the world ensure the continuation of the LIO through updating its established rules for multilateral cooperation?” There are at least four rationales for changing multilateral rules: i) to make them more encompassing, which allows for the accommodation of the transition from a hegemonic world order to a world of power distribution; ii) to establish effective foreign policies that can resists illiberal autocracies while assimilating rising powers into the LIO; iii) to make such powers more admissible to the current hegemonic state, i.e. the U.S., whose policies in the Trump era are becoming to a greater extent Amerocentric if not ‘America only,’ and increasingly inclined to act unilaterally; and iv) finally to invest in education, as a catalyst for integration, to nurture liberal democratic identity and citizenship.