Simplified Effective Compressive Strengths of Columns with Intervening Floor Slabs

Seung?Ho Choi,Jin?Ha Hwang,Sun?Jin Han,Hae?Chang Cho,Jae Hyun Kim,Kang Su Kim 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.5

The current design codes discuss the effective compressive strengths of columns, which reflect a decrease in load transfer performance that can occur when columns and slabs have different concrete compressive strengths. The effective compressive strength of a column increases as it is confined by the slab, and the design codes mandate three different effective compressive strengths for interior columns (confinement on four sides), exterior columns (confinement on three sides), and corner columns (confinement on two sides). For both corner and exterior columns, the confinement effect of the slab is significantly smaller than that for the interior column, and there is a more marked decrease in load transfer performance. However, there is still a lack of theoretical studies investigating the effective compressive strengths of the corner and exterior columns. Therefore, based on the analysis model established in previous research, this study has proposed an equation for calculating the effective compressive strengths of the corner, exterior and isolated columns without any confinement effects of the slab. In addition, axial loading tests of isolated columns were conducted and the proposed equation was verified.

Anti‑inflammatory effect of Rosa laevigata extract on in vitro and in vivo model of allergic asthma via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines

Seung‑Hyeon Lee,Seung‑Han Choi,In‑Seung Lee,Yumi Kim,Eun‑Jin An,Hyeung‑Jin Jang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Backgrounds Exposure to a toxic stress environment leads to excessive inflammatory reactions and induces allergic asthma resulting in airway hyper-responsiveness. We investigated whether Rosa laevigata Michx. (RL) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects related allergic asthma in both an in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods To investigate the preventive effect of RL, A549 cells were pretreated with non-toxic doses of RL (500, 1000 μg/ mL) and induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/mL). First, we evaluated cytotoxicity via a MTT assay. The inhibitory effects of NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression were confirmed by a western blot assay. In the in vivo study, BALB/c mice were challenged with regard to ovalbumin via an intraperitoneal injection of RL (50, 100 mg/kg) and were killed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues and blood serum. The number of inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines were monitored by ELISA and multiplex assays. Results RL significantly suppressed NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression levels in EGF-induced A549 cells. In a chronic inflammation mice model, pretreatment of RL attenuated allergic airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The results of this study present the possibility of RL as a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma patients via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines.

자기공명영상용 라디오주파수 코일의 제작에 있어서 동조 및 매칭에 영향을 미치는 전기 용량 값들의 실험적 측정

양경승,신용진,김영섭,한재진,이성길,김승국,김영근,지연상 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 自然科學硏究 Vol.26 No.-

Radio frequency coil which is capable of transmit and receive the signal has been used for image production in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Tuning and matching characteristic of radio frequency coil is major factor determining the image quality. In experiment the used coil was called a staircase type coil which is simplified the birdcage coil and referred to a simple LC resonant circuit. Because the inductance values of the coils are fixed coil performance was examined by changing of the capacitance values. In this study capacitance values were experimentally determined to increase of-tuning and matching effect in junction of the coil between coil endring and BNC cable to obtain the high quality of image.

동일한 시료에 대한 국내 기관간의 STR 분석결과 비교 : STR 유전자좌 분석법의 표준화 설정을 위하여

박종태,신경진,양윤석,우광만,이숭덕,이승환,이정빈,정연보,조승희,한길로,한면수,홍승범 大韓法醫學會 2001 대한법의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This paper described a collaborative exercise intended to see what kinds of short tandem repeat (STR) loci are used in different DNA typing laboratories in Korea and to compare their results for the demonstration whether uniformity of DNA profiling results from different laboratory could be achieved in Korea Laboratories were asked to test five tissue DNAs using methods routinely used in each laboratory and to report the results to the coordinating laboratory. The exercise demonstrated that each laboratory was using different STR loci for the typing with different STR numbers,2 VNTRS,36 STRs and amelogenin in total, and the direct comparison of the results from all the laboratory for the 18 loci could not be done as only one laboratory submitted typing results. Among 21 loci for which several laboratories submitted typing results, results for 14 loci were the same and results for the other 7 loci were different depending on the participating laboratory. D1S80, F13A01, D16S539, D21S11, D18S51, D3S1744 were the loci with different typing results. Even in the cases where commercial kits were used, the results were not the same depending on the machines used, that is the capillary electrophoresis or the gel based electrophoresis. The reason for the different results, points about the standardization of the methods arid the profiling data were described.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Carboxymethyl-chitin 제조공정의 단순화

한상문,안병제,김용우,김용범,유국현,이승진 대한화학회 2001 대한화학회지 Vol.45 No.4

CM-chitin은 화장품 분야에서 보습제, 유연제, 피부관리를 위한 세포활성제 및 미백제등으로 다양하게 이용되고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 CM-chitin제조공정을 기존의 방법에서 몇가지 절차를 배재하여 단순화 하였다. Chitin분말을 NaOH와 혼합하고 16hrs 동안 동결 및 교반을 통해 CICH_(2)COONa와 isopropyl alcohol혼합액을 첨가하였다. 그 결과 높은 치환도의 CM-chitin을 얻을 수 있었다. The water soluble carboxymethyl-chitin(CM-chitin) has been well known to be very useful to the cosmetic field as a moisturizer, a smoothener, a cell activater and a cleaner for face skin conditioning. In this study, the preparation process of CM-chitin was simplified with elimination of some procedures in the conventional method. The chitin powder was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution. And then a mixture of sodium monochloroacetate(or monochloroacetic acid) and isopropyl alcohol(or a mixed solution with water and isopropyl alcohol) was added to thorough the agitation and the freezing during 16 hours. The CM-chitin with a high degree of substitution by the improved process was obtained.

자기표현 노동을 통한 기독교의 사회윤리적 의미

한승진 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2009 통합인문학연구 Vol.1 No.2

오늘날 우리는 행복을 추구해 나가기 위한 삶의 필요충분 조건으로 자리 했던 노동이 우리 삶의 자리에서 점차 그 자리를 잃어 가고 있는 커다란 어려움에 직면해 있다. 실업(失業)은 이미 일반화된 현상이다. 삶의 조건에서 노동이 배제된 사람들은 그야말로 무가치한 사람으로 취급되어 처참한 상실의 고통 가운데 버려지고 있다. 더 심각한 것은 이것이 그들만의 문제가 아니라는 사실이다. 그나마 겨우 노동 현장에 남아 있는 사람들조차도 더 이상 자신의 노동에서 의미나 가치를 찾기 어렵게 되었다. 돈벌이 노동을 하는 사람들은 행위의 주체로 인정받기는커녕 지배와 수탈의 대상으로 전락하기 일쑤이다. 거기에 더해서 자본과 기술에 의해 조직되는 노동 과정과 생산 과정은 생태계의 건강성과 안정성을 해치는 방향으로 치닫고 있다. 이러한 노동의 위기를 드러내면서,마르크스가 제기한 노동의 주된 개념 인 ‘자기표현’의 관점에서 기독교 사회윤리적 의미를 제시하여,오늘 우리 의 당면한 노동의 문제를 직시하고,그에 따라 극복 가능한 논의의 실마리를 찾아보고자 한다. 기독교 사회윤리적 관점에서 바라보는 노동관에 의하면, 인간은 누구나 노동을 통해 자기정체성을 형성해 나가야 하고 자기를 표현할 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 노동을 통해서만 하느님과의 관계를 확고히 할 수 있다. 그러므로 인간이 노동의 자리를 얻지 못하는 오늘 이 시대의 사회구조는 하느님의 뜻에 따라 반드시 개선해 나가야 한다. 또한 기독교 노동윤리의 자기 표현은 개인의 노동을 넘어 이웃의 자기표현에도 관심을 가지고 연대해 나가는 사회윤리 의 차원으로 나아가야 한다. These days we are put on the difficult situation. As means of necessary and sufficient condition of life to purse happiness, labor is losing its stance in life. Unemployment is already general and those who are excluded out of labor as the condition are treated as a good- for-nothing and are thrown away into a painful and miserable situation. The worse fact is that this is not the story about the unemployed. Even those who have jobs and keep working in their field feel difficult to find the meaning and value of labor. Some people who are from hand to mouth or work physically are not treated as workers but a victim of exploitation physically and mentally. In addition, the process of labor and production, organized by capital and technology, tend to endanger health and stability of eco-system. According to Christian Socio-Ethics, human should not only identify and express oneself as human being but also make the relationship between God and human more firm through labor. Therefore, the recent social system which do not offer opportunity equally should be revised in God’s purpose, and also the society must see beyond personal labor so that it must make it possible to reunion human and society with consisting effort and concern. In view of the risk of labor, this research is going to think of Christian Social Ethics, and through it, to try to suggest some solutions to the problem that our society is facing with.

간호사의 정신과 자문에 대한 기대도

韓辰熙,房勝規,金光壽,柳太烈 최신의학사 1991 最新醫學 Vol.34 No.1

지역별 암환자 비교 및 고찰 : 일부지역을 중심으로 Seou and Kwangju

한재진,김승국 광주보건대학 2000 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

Investigating and comparing data of cancer cases of Chonnam University Hospital, a model hospital treating cancer patients in Kwangju District, and Korea Cancer Center Hospital, a representing hospital treating cancer patients in Sedul District, as shown in their annual reports from January 1990 to December 1997, results are obtained as the following: 1. The cumulative total of 52,546 cancer patients for 8 years in Seoul District, consists of 6,294 cases (11.98%) in 1990, 6,881 cases (13.10%) in 1991, 6,672 cases (12.70%) in 1992, 6,705 cases (12.76%) in 1993, 6,461 cases (12.30%) in 1994, 6,350 cases (12.08%) in 1995, 6,865 cases (13.06%) in 1996, and 6,318 cases (12.02%) in 1997. There was no increase or decrease notable in number of cancer patients for 8 years. 2. The cumulative total of 9,091 cancer patients for 8 years in Kwangju District, consists of 1,144 cases (12.58%) in 1990, 792 cases (8.71%) in 991, 692 cases(7.61%) in 1992, 892 cases (9.81%) in 1993, 1,306 cases (14.37%) in 1994, 1,233 cases (13.56%) in 1995, 1,608 cases (17.69%) in 1996, and 1,424 cases (15.66%) in 1997, Number of cancer patients rapidly increased in 1994. Change in number of cancer cases is scarcely noticed in Seoul Distirct, but somewhat extensive of change is noticed for these 8 years in Kwangju Distirct; average 10.08% increase every year, from 7.61% at the lowest to 17.69% at the highest. 3. The total of 52,546 patients in Seoul District, was classified by physical regions attacked, 12,238 cases (23.48%) at stomach, 8,375 (15.94%) at cervix & uteri,n6,294 (11.98%) at lung, and 5,608 (10.67%) at liver in order. Male patients were attacked at stomach, liver, lung, and colon and rectum in order, and female patients were done at cervix & uteri, stomach, breast, and liver in order. 4. The total 9,091 cancer patients in Kwangju District, was classified by physical regions attacked, 1,054 cases (16.54%) at stomach, 1,085 (11.93%) at liver, 972 (10.96%) at lung, 913 (5.75%) at cervix & uteri, and 456 (5.02%) at breast in order. Male patients were attacked at stomach, liver, lung, and colon & rectum, and female patients were done at cervix & uteri, stomach, and breast in order. Distribution pattern by physical regions did not agree with that of Seoul Dirstrict, but it was much the same each other when looking into it in division by sex. 5. Counting all 13,173 cancer patients in Seuol District by age, patients between 1 to 4 years old are 95 cases (0.72%), 5 to 14 years are 172 cases (1.30%), 15 to 24 years are 264 cases (2.00%), 25 to 24 years are 911 cases (6.92%), 35 to 44 years 2,010 cases (15.26%), 45 to 54 years are 2,732 (20.74%), 55 to 64 years are 4,238 cases (32.17%), and 65 years and older are 2,751 (20.88%). The most is found in the age between 55 to 64 years, in the age over 65 is the next found in number, and then comes the group of 45 to 54 years. So patients from 45 to 65 compose over 70%. 6. Grouping cancer patients in Kwangju District by age, patients between 1 to 4 years old are 35 cases (1.15%), 5 to 14 years are 45 cases (1.48%), 15 to 24 years are 66 cases (2.18%), 25 to 34 years are 136 cases (4.49%), 35 to 44 years are 339 (11.18%), 45 to 54 years are 579 cases (19.10%), 55 to 64 years are 1,001 cases (33.01%), and 65 years and older are 831 (27.41%). The most is found in the age between 55 to 64 years, and then comes the group in the age over 65, and then does that of 45 to 54 years in order. Those from 45 to 65 compose over 70% here too. That makes almost similar pattern of distribution of cancer patients in age groups. 7. Of the whole 100,715 cancer patients all over the nation in 1992, 6,672 cases (6.62%) are from Seoul District, and 692 cases (0.96%) are from Kwangju District. Cancer patients all over the nation are composed of 24,215 cases (24.04%) of stomach cancer, 10,647 cases (10.57%) of cervix & uteri cancer, 9,769 cases (9.70%) of lung cancer, and 9,620 cases (9.55%) of liver cancer in order. The whole 6,672 cancer patients in Seoul District in 1992 are composed of 1,450 cases (21.738%) of stomach cancer, 735 cases (11.12%) of lung cancer, and 675 cases (10.21%) of liver cancer in order. Of the whole 692 cancer patients in Kwangju District are 160 cases (23.12%) of stomach cancer, 110 cases (17.34%) of cancer at colon and rectum, and 81 cases (11.71%) of cancer at liver in order. By physical region, two districts show different pattern of distribution. In Kwangju District, stomach, the most frequently attacked region by cancer is followed by colon and rectum. 8. Of all 6,865 cancer patients in Seoul District, as methods to diagnose to detect cancer 4,737 cases (69%) were detected by histologic test at the primary cancer-struck area, 1,098 cases (16%) by clinical investigation, and 481 cases(7%) by cytodiagnostic test in order. In Kwangju District, 1,014 cases (63%) were diagnosed by histologic test at the primary cancer-struck area, 369 cases (23%) by clinical investigation, and 195 cases (12%) by cytodiagnostic in order. In both Seoul, and Kwangju Districts, histologic test at the primary cancer-struck area, and clinical investigation account for over 85% of diagnosing methods applied to detection of cancer.

Wire Saw 슬러리로부터 Si, SiC 분리 및 제올라이트 합성에 대한 연구

한승열,이종대,박노국,이태진,류시옥 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

This study was focused on the separation of Si and from Wire Saw Slurry in Wire Saw Slicing process and synthesis of zeolite by mixing with water glass obtained from its process and Alumina. In order to separate Si and SiC from Wire Saw Slurry, Alkai disslution was used and then Na₂O showed superior dissoluble property of Si. At this time, SiC was separated as powder from Alkali apueous solution. Si was dissolved as a liquid in Alkali aqueous solution. After removing SiC powder, the powder formed was obtained from drying. Alkali aqueous solution and then it was the water glass (Na₂SiO₃)confirmed by XRD analysis. Water glass (Na₂SiO₃) and Alumina mixed with pure water made as a synthesis of zeolite through the crystallization by aging and hydrothermal reaction. The manufactured zeolite was Sodium Aluminum Silicate Hydrate confirmed by XRD analysis.